There are two different tendencies in art education. One is influenced by traditional education. Children blindly imitate and learn, and are passive learners. Without model paintings, they do not know how to draw; The other is to fall into misunderstandings after accepting the ideas of educational reform. Teachers always hold a positive attitude in creative art activities. Children can draw whatever they want, allowing children to create blindly, laissez-faire and one-sided emphasis on the expression of personal emotions. Ignoring teachers' guidance causes children to lose interest in art because they do not have certain performance skills and find it difficult to express their emotions in the language of art. It can be seen that the children cultivated by these two tendencies are unsuccessful and will not adapt to social development. The "Outline" points out: Teachers should regard children as the main subjects of creation in early childhood art education, create opportunities for children to express freely, encourage children to use different art forms to boldly express their emotions, understanding and imagination, and respect the ideas of each child. And create, affirm their unique aesthetic feelings and expression methods, share their happiness, and at the same time help them improve their performance skills. So, how to implement innovative education in daily art teaching? Teaching and learning in kindergarten art innovation education complement each other. In the practical education work, I made some attempts. Now share it with you.
1. Get close to life, cultivate beauty, and inspire children to create beauty.
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle said: "Without the presentation of images, there would be no creative activities." All creation comes from life. The new "Outline" also points out that "it is necessary to guide young children to contact the environment. and the beautiful people, things and things in life, enriching their perceptual experience and aesthetic taste, and stimulating their interest in expressing and creating beauty. "To cultivate children's imagination, we need to let them get as close to life as possible, to nature and nature. Feel the beauty and discover the beauty in the social environment. This gave rise to the desire to create.
(1) Choose teaching content that is in line with the age characteristics of children and close to their lives.
When selecting art activity teaching materials for small age groups, I mine good themes from the children’s life experience based on the cognitive development level of the children and their life experiences, and choose topics that the children are familiar with and interested in. theme. If a child likes small animals, I will design paintings such as "cute bunny" and "little cat playing with a ball", and "cute snail" as paper crafting and clay crafting content. You can also choose toys and objects they are familiar with as themes, such as "magic buttons" and so on. In addition to teacher presets, children can be allowed to generate what they want to create based on their interests, enriching their life experience.
(2) Guide children to feel the beauty of their surrounding environment and life.
1. Let children use various senses to perceive the colors of nature and the shapes of all things in the world, use various senses to understand everything around them, and gain a profound and detailed experience of life: they can also observe buildings in life. , environmental design, etc. Use cameras to take various pictures and freeze shots of cartoons that are interesting to children to guide them to discover, cultivate their interest in life, and improve their aesthetic accomplishments, so that children can observe and appreciate beauty anytime and anywhere in life games, and can freely and timely Express beauty and create beauty. For example, in the comprehensive activity "Crab" organized by me, in order to allow children to create better, children are allowed to collect various pictures in advance, observe real objects through feeding, listen to the self-created music "Crab", do finger games, and penetrate seeing, listening, speaking, Do multiple senses to allow children to create outside of Kung Fu.
2. Guide children to appreciate some classic paintings. Because art creation comes from life and is higher than life. The content of these art works includes innovation in subject matter and expression techniques. Put Van Gogh's "Sunflowers" and Heifelode's masterpiece "Bright Fruits" in the art corner to feel the bright colors and learn about the types of colors. In addition, by observing the masterpieces of masters, children can feel the beauty and boldly imagine and create. Works created by teachers and excellent children's works can also be posted in small galleries, allowing children to experience the master's works in a penetrating way.
2. Guide children to innovate and express freely in art activities in their own unique ways.
(1) Use novel organizational methods to stimulate children’s desire to create art.
1. Use the additive method to develop creative thinking
Example 1: Circles can inspire and guide children of different ages to use the additive method to draw balloons, apples, wheels, and the sun. , smiling face, lifebuoy, watch, ball, plate, cat, rabbit and other objects. In middle and upper classes, you can also think about circles. I not only require children to show up, but also require children to describe in words to develop children's creativity and imagination from different angles.
Example 2: The teacher only provides the basic part of the demonstration, allowing the children to use their imagination and add details. For example, the teacher demonstrates a little rabbit. In the small class, the children are reminded of grass and green grass. In the middle and large classes, they are reminded of two or three rabbits. They are reminded of radishes, cabbages, fields, forests, turtles, birds, etc., creating a vivid image. The picture pops up on the paper.
2. Reproduce the scene to help understand the theme and create boldly.
Teachers use popular and vivid language to reproduce scenes and render emotions, which helps children create boldly and fully imagine based on their own understanding. For example, if you are learning to draw people for the first time - the lovely Hai Teng, teacher: Hai Teng has been in Guangzhou for half a month. I miss him very much. How about you? Young: Yes, I miss him so much.
Teacher: Then let’s draw a picture of him smiling as a souvenir, shall we? Young: OK. Teacher: How to draw? Under the guidance of teachers, children feel how to express characters using artistic language while touching various parts of the body with their hands. On the concrete floor, there are various cute shapes of Haiteng: some are cartoon-like with big heads and small bodies, some are sitting on the ground, some have their legs spread out and their hands are on their heads, some are standing sideways with one leg... and there are more worth mentioning. It is Ziqi's painting, and his expression is that the tall and big one is Jiajia, the smaller one is Haiteng, and the youngest one is me. He so vividly reproduces the relationship between the three of them and their height comparison.
3. Game methods stimulate the enthusiasm for creation
Based on the playful and active characteristics of children, we should strive to gamify painting activities. For example, the game "Little Photographer" is carried out. Before the game, the teacher gives each child a toy camera and asks them to be a little photographer. Their customers are beautiful dolls and building blocks that the teacher has placed in various places in the classroom in advance. Toys such as houses, chickens, ducks, etc. are required to draw a comparison photo for each photo they take. When children heard that they wanted to be photographers, they jumped up and down with joy. Before pressing the shutter button, they reminded the little animals: "Don't move, just smile." They imitated adults vividly, enjoyed it, and drew carefully. Every photo. This not only greatly stimulates children's creative enthusiasm, but also makes children intoxicated in the game. They play so happily. There are other game forms such as painting relay and cooperative painting, which children love and are happy to participate in.
4. Combining activities in a variety of fields to activate the wings of imagination
In art activities, a combination of activities in a variety of fields is often used to stimulate a sense of emotion and transform painting into a Combined with music, prose, stories, and poems, it mobilizes children's hearing, triggers associations and imaginations based on what they hear, and activates the wings of children's imagination. Appreciate some famous songs, cultivate children's aesthetic taste, and draw what they hear and feel. For example, when enjoying "March of the Lion King", let the children perform along with the music. The children's confident and comfortable performances will be lifelike, and they will perform the walks of various animals. The children use their imagination to create various postures, and the animals they write will appear on the drawing paper in various poses. Children also like to listen to stories. Taking advantage of this hobby, children are required to recall the plot, main character characteristics and dynamics of the story after listening to the story, and tell children the fairy tale "The Adventures of Little Rabbit" to guide children to boldly imagine what will happen after the climax of the story. , encourage multiple ideas, children dare to think, and their creative thinking becomes active. Naturally, children will be more actively involved in their painting performance, and the content they express will be rich, wonderful, and full of enthusiasm.
5. Make and play with your hands, and feel the joy of creation
The ability to operate art is of great significance to improving aesthetic ability and promoting the development of creativity in children. Giving children more hands-on opportunities and allowing them to use their hands and brains simultaneously is a necessary approach to innovative art education. Children use their hands and brains to create original works, feel the fun of art creation, and experience the joy of success. Teachers should actively create hands-on opportunities for children and carry out a variety of manual activities as much as possible, such as: paper ball printing, seal painting, straw blowing, leaf pasting, clay work shaping, vegetable platter... In "Carrot and Cucumber Platter" It can be seen how rich the creative imagination of young children is. They can piece together real and imaginary things as they please without restraint.
6. Children speak as children do and improve their creative performance in self-expression.
"Children have the freedom of speech, especially the freedom to ask questions, so that they can give full play to their creativity." In art activities, I give children ample opportunities to actively ask questions and boldly express what they think and feel. Giving children the opportunity to speak allows them to fully express their understanding of the objective world, which is helpful for teachers to "understand" children's works and guide children to continue to create. For example: In the painting "Autumn Fruits" activity, a child painted a large tree full of various fruits. The teacher asked: "Your fruit tree is very beautiful, why did you paint it like this?" This child He replied happily: "With this kind of tree, people don't have to work too hard and can pick whatever they want to eat." The teacher suddenly realized it and hurriedly guided him: "The watermelon is so big, can it be hung on a tree?" The child said after a moment: "Give it a net bag!" Then he drew a net bag for the watermelon. In this way, the children's creativity was improved during the teaching process. Another example is when organizing "Magic Buttons", I let the children explore the buttons themselves and stimulated the children to tell what the buttons of different shapes looked like. The children all said famous bananas, mushrooms, flowers, etc. Let the children put it together and put it together, and then let the children talk about the names of the names. Some children said that the names they spelled out looked like a path, like a flower, like a house...the children were bold in the process of saying it. Imagine and be bold.
(2) Teachers’ guidance methods of activating enlightenment and guiding enlightenment promote children’s imagination and creativity
To give full play to the autonomy of children’s painting, teachers must adhere to “both We must respect the dominant position of children and give play to the leading role of teachers.” Change the previous traditional teaching method of using examples, demonstrations and explanations, in which teachers impart knowledge and skills in one direction: use the methods of appreciation and observation, discussion and communication, trial demonstrations, and thinking, give more partial examples, give more partial demonstrations, and give less complete examples , less complete demonstration. Let children draw more freely and creatively, and tap into their creative potential.
For example, in "Lovely Haiteng", children only have their own awareness of the characters. Some children have their hands and feet drawn on their heads, and some children draw hands and feet with single lines. The teacher uses clay to "build the little people" Let the children understand where the head and feet should be attached and if they are attached to different positions on the body, the dynamics of the characters will be different. It is preferable to teach children regular skills in this way without limiting their thinking. While playing with the "water gun" made from used mineral water bottles, the teacher asked, "What does the water that shoots on the ground look like?" The children observed and imagined under guidance and inspiration, and immediately started to create "water stain paintings". They were happy and never tired of it.
3. Appreciate and value children's creative achievements with parents, and enhance children's creative self-confidence
Psychological research shows that young children often want to gain Learn with the approval of parents and teachers. Therefore, recognition and evaluation by parents and teachers is very important and essential. Teachers should guide parents to learn to understand young children, because children's thinking is intuitive and visual, while adults' thinking is abstract. In order for the two to achieve mutual understanding, adults must learn to understand children, observe children, and see with children's eyes. The world, use children's way of thinking to think, take advantage of the situation, so that children can take the initiative to learn. When adults understand children and can appreciate their works from the perspective of children, they should give timely recognition and praise to the works to stimulate children's desire to create again. For content that is not understood in the works, teachers should guide parents and discuss with children with parents, with the goal of developing children's imagination and creativity, so as to promote the further development of children's potential in art activities.
The objects of teaching and learning methods in kindergarten art innovation education are teachers and children, and they are both subjects. To cultivate children to become creative and unique individuals in kindergarten art innovation, teachers must first establish new concepts and awareness of art innovation education, improve the ability of creative education, and master the requirements, methods and strategies of art innovation education. Secondly, proper use of teaching and learning methods in kindergarten art innovation education can enable children to truly become "everyone is a creative person" and "creative people all the time".