(1) Classical Poetry:
Including ancient poems (poems before Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Poetry in ancient poetry genres such as Song, Gexing, Quotations, Qu and Yin are also ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
① Chuci: a form of poetry created by Qu Yuan during the Warring States Period, characterized by the use of dialect and phonology of Chuci, with strong Chu color. There are seventeen volumes of Chu Ci edited by Liu Xiang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, mainly the works of Qu Yuan, and Qu Yuan's works take Li Sao as his masterpiece, so later generations also call it "Chu Ci Style" and "Sao Style".
(2) Yuefu: Yuefu is a music management institution established by the imperial court since the Qin Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was expanded on a large scale, and a large number of poems were collected from the people. Later generations collectively called Han Yuefu. Later, Yuefu became a poetic genre. (1976, a button clock with the words "Yuefu" written in gold was unearthed in the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor. In 2000, a seal of "Yuefu Seal" was unearthed in Anqin site, which further affirmed this historical fact that did not begin in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. )
(2) modern poetry:
Modern poetry, compared with classical poetry, is also called modern poetry, which is a kind of metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. There are two kinds, and there are strict rules on the number of words, sentences, level tones and rhymes.
(1) a "quatrains", each sentence four sentences, referred to as five words, referred to as seven words.
(2) One kind is called "metrical poem", each poem has eight sentences, five characters are abbreviated as five laws, seven characters are abbreviated as seven laws, and more than eight sentences are called excluded laws (or long laws).
The rhythm is very strict. There are definite sentences (except arrangement), definite characters in sentences, definite rhymes (definite rhymes), definite tones (definite tones of each word in the poem) and definite couplets (the two rhymes in the middle must be aligned). For example, verse poems originated in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and matured in the early Tang Dynasty. Each poem has four quadruples and eight sentences, and each sentence must have the same number of words, which can be four rhymes or five rhymes. The two couplets in the middle must face each other. Two, four, six and eight sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be put or not. If the arrangement is extended to more than ten sentences on the basis of fixed rhythm, it is called arrangement. In addition to the antithesis of the first and last couplets, there are also antitheses, which are called "model pairs". For another example, quatrains are just antithetical sentences of two or four sentences, also known as quatrains, broken sentences and broken sentences, which have certain requirements for parallelism, rhyme and duality. From top to bottom, it is divided into first couplet, parallel couplet, neck couplet and tail couplet.
(3) the word:
Also known as poetry, long and short sentences, songs, music words, Yuefu and so on. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. The number of words can be divided into long tune (above 9 1 word), middle tune (59-90 words) and minor tune (below 58 words). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A word is called a paragraph, the first paragraph is called money, business and fashion, and the second paragraph is called Hou, Xia and Xia.
④ Flexion:
Also known as Yu Jihe Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.