Li Bai
The White Emperor said goodbye to the colorful clouds,
Thousands of miles of rivers and mountains are returned in one day.
The apes on both sides of the strait can’t stop crying.
The boat has passed the Ten Thousand Mountains.
[Note]
1. Baidi: Baidi Mountain in the east of Fengjie County, Sichuan Province. There is Baidi City on the mountain, located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
2. Jiangling: Jiangling County, Hubei Province, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
3. Cry: cry.
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[Brief Analysis]
This is a seven-character quatrain that has been passed down through the ages.
In the spring of 758 AD, Li Bai was implicated for participating in the Yongwang Li Lin shogunate affairs and was exiled to Yelang (now western Guizhou Province). He was pardoned only after traveling to Baidi City. On the way to Jiangling, he wrote this poem to express the poet's joyful mood. "Chaoci Baidi Caiyunjian", the first sentence describes the poet's recollection, indicating that the time for sailing is morning and the location is Baidi City. "Caiyunjian" refers to the height of Baidi City. The colorful clouds are in perfect harmony with the poet's joy at being pardoned. "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Tombs Return in a Day", the second sentence expresses the poet's wishes and describes the speed of the ship. It only takes one day to reach the Thousands of Miles of Rivers and Tombs. The poet used an exaggerated technique to describe the rapidity of the Yangtze River, and at the same time expressed the poet's mood of "returning to his heart like an arrow."
The third and fourth sentences vividly describe the situation of the fast boat. "The apes on both sides of the strait can't stop crying, and the light boat has passed thousands of mountains." The cries of the apes on both sides of the strait have not stopped, but the light boat has already sailed through thousands of mountains and ridges. In these two sentences, the poet first writes about the sound of apes, and then writes about the light boat. He uses the word "Ji" to connect "cannot hold back his cry" and "crossing thousands of mountains". He uses the echo of the sound of the ape to set off the speed of the light boat. This rhetorical technique is very clever. of. The poet's eagerness to return eastward overflows with the bright rhythm of the poem. The whole poem describes the scenery and expresses emotions, describing the light and bright scenery, expressing the light and joyful feelings, reaching the point where the scenes blend together.
Farewell to Dongda
Gao Shi
Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and white sun,
The north wind blows wild geese and snow.
Don’t worry, you will have no friends in the future.
No one in the world will know you.
[Note]
1. Dong Da: Dong Tinglan, a famous piano player during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He ranked first among the brothers, so he was called "Dong Da".
2. 曛: dim.
3. Jun: It refers to Dong Da.
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[Brief Analysis]
This is a farewell poem to the famous violinist Dong Tinglan. Hu music was popular during the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and not many people could appreciate ancient music such as the lyre. Cui Jue wrote in a poem: "The five notes on the seven strings are cold. It has been difficult to know the music since ancient times. Only Henan Fangcilu (the prime minister's room official in the prosperous Tang Dynasty) always took pity on Dong Tinglan." At this time, Gao Shi was also very frustrated and wandered around. He is often in a poor and lowly situation (he wrote in "Farewell to Dong Da" Part 2: "My husband is poor and lowly, so I don't have money to drink when we meet today."). But in this farewell poem, Gao Shi used a cheerful mind and a heroic tone to make his farewell words passionate and inspiring. The first two sentences, "Thousands of miles of yellow clouds are shining in the daytime, and the north wind is blowing the wild geese and the snow is falling." Use line drawing to describe the scene in front of you: the north wind is howling, the yellow sand is thousands of miles away, covering the sky and the sun, and everywhere is gray, so that the clouds seem to It has turned yellow, and the originally bright and dazzling sunlight has now faded, like the afterglow of the setting sun. Heavy snow fell, and the geese flew south in neat formation. In this desolate and majestic environment, the poet bid farewell to this musician who had great skills but was not appreciated by anyone. The last two sentences, "Don't worry, you are ignorant of the road ahead. No one in the world will know you." They are words of comfort to friends: Don't worry about not meeting your confidant here. No one in the world doesn't know you, Dong Tinglan! The words are so loud and powerful, full of confidence and strength in comfort, and inspire friends to work hard and fight hard.
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〔About the author]
p>Gao Shi (700?-765), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Dafu and the other is Zhongwu. A native of Bohai Quan (xiu) (today's Cangxian County, Hebei Province), he once served as a regular attendant on the cavalry. There is "Gao Changshi Ji".
Boancing at Guazhou
Wang Anshi
Jingkou Guazhou is separated by water,
Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains.
The spring breeze is green again on the south bank of the river,
When will the bright moon shine on me again?
[Notes]
1. Mooring: stopping the ship and docking.
2. Guazhou: on the north bank of the Yangtze River in what is now Jiangsu Province, south of Yangzhou City.
3. Jingkou: On the south bank of the Yangtze River, now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
4. Zhongshan: Purple Mountain in Nanjing now.
5. Number of layers: several layers.
6. Green: Blowing green.
7. Return: refers to returning home at the foot of Purple Mountain.
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[Brief Analysis]
This is a famous lyrical poem, which expresses the poet's deep feelings of looking at the south of the Yangtze River and missing his homeland. The title of the poem is "Boat Mooring on Guazhou", which points out the poet's footing. The first sentence "Jingkou and Guazhou is between the water" describes the scene in sight. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry and looked south. He saw that "Jingkou" and "Guazhou" on the south bank were so close, with a river in between. From this, the poet thinks that Zhongshan, where his home is located, is only a few layers away and not far away. The second sentence, "Zhongshan is only a few floors away from the mountain," hints at the poet's feeling of returning home. The third sentence also describes the scene, highlighting the season of spring, and depicts the scenery of the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means "blowing green", which is a verb used in a wonderful way. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times to make good use of it, and finally chose the word "green" from more than ten verbs such as "to", "pass", "enter" and "man". Because other words only express the arrival of the spring breeze, but do not express the change of the new green scenery on the Qianli River Bank after the arrival of spring. In the concluding sentence, "When will the bright moon shine on me and return", the poet has been looking at it for a long time, and before he realizes that the bright moon is rising, the poet uses a questioning sentence pattern to imagine a picture of "the bright moon" and "when the bright moon will shine on me and return", further expressing the poet's longing for his homeland. Feeling. Literally speaking, this poem expresses the nostalgia for one's hometown and the eagerness to cross the river to go home and reunite with relatives. In fact, his strong desire to return to the political stage and implement the New Deal is also reflected between the lines.
This poem is a famous example of "the words are changed frequently, and the work comes out of itself" ("Children's Poetry Instructions").
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[About the author]
p>Wang Anshi (1021-1086), politician, thinker, and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name was Jiefu, his nickname was Banshan, and he was a native of Linchuan (now part of Jiangxi Province). There is "Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan".
Song Xiaqu
Lulun
The black geese fly high in the moon,
Shan escapes in the night.
In order to drive Qingqi away,
The bow and knife were covered with heavy snow.
[Note]
1. Song under the Fortress: a military song from the ancient frontier fortress.
2. Dark Moon: No moonlight.
3. Chanyu (chán yú): leader of the Xiongnu. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.
4． Escape: escape.
5. General: to lead.
6. Light Cavalry: Lightly-armed and fast cavalry.
7. Chasing: chasing.
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[Brief Analysis]
This is the third poem in Lu Lun's "Song under the Sai" series. Lu Lun once served as a marshal judge in the shogunate and had experience in military life. His poems describing this kind of life are relatively substantial and vigorous in style. This poem describes the heroism of General Xue Ye as he prepares to lead his troops to chase the enemy.
The first two sentences describe the enemy's retreat. "The wild geese fly high in the dark moon", the moon is covered by clouds, and it is dark. The wild geese startle and fly high. "Chanyu fled at night", on this unusual night with dark moon and high wind, the enemy army secretly escaped. "Chanyu" originally refers to the supreme ruler of the Xiongnu. Here it refers to the invaders of the Khitan and other tribes who often invaded the south at that time.
The last two sentences describe the scene of the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is extraordinary. "In order to drive the light cavalry away", the general discovered that the enemy was absconding and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue him. Just as he was about to set off, there was a heavy snowfall, and in an instant, his bow and sword were covered with snowflakes. The last sentence, "The bow and knife are covered with heavy snow" is a description of the severe cold scene, which highlights the hardship of the battle and the brave spirit of the soldiers.
This poem is a blend of scenes. The enemy troops fled under the "moon-black geese flying high" situation, and the general prepared to pursue them under the "heavy snow full of bows and swords" situation. The atmosphere of escape and pursuit is effectively rendered. The whole poem does not describe the process of chasing the enemy in the snow, nor does it directly describe the fierce battle scenes, but it leaves people with rich imagination.
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About the author: Lu Lun ( 748-800), courtesy name Yunyan, from Hezhongpu (now Yongji County, Shanxi). Poet of Tang Dynasty.
Chang Ge Xing (Excerpt)
Han Yuefu
The sunflowers in the green garden,
The morning dew awaits the setting sun.
Budze in spring,
All things are radiant.
I am often afraid that the autumn festival is coming, and
the leaves of the yellow flowers will wither.
From the east to the sea, there are hundreds of rivers.
When will we return to the west?
If a young man does not work hard,
The old man will be sad.
[Note]
1. Boss: Old.
2. Disciple: In vain.
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[Today's translation]
The river flows to the East China Sea, how can it possibly flow back again? If you don't work hard to make a difference when you are young, it will be useless to feel regret and sadness when you are old.
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[Appreciation]
Yuefu poetry is a genre that best represents the achievements of poetry in the Han Dynasty. It often uses the decorative techniques of fu, comparison, elation, intertextuality, and repeated singing as well as techniques such as presentation, contrast, and foil to express emotions. This song "Long Song Xing" represents this feature. The author uses the metaphor of hundreds of rivers returning to the sea and never coming back to describe the fleeting and fleeting nature of time. He laments that "if a young man does not work hard, an old man will be sad." He urges the world to cherish time and make a difference. The whole poem starts from Qingkui, associates it with the changes of the four seasons, and uses rivers as a comparison to draw the conclusion that we should seize the time and work hard. The comparison technique is very obvious.
"Long Song" is suitable for expressing deep emotions. This song is eloquent, with description, lyricism, lamentation and exhortation, making the whole poem delicate and full of meaning. It not only inherits the tradition of "singing to chant one's ambitions", but also has great formal beauty, making it easy to recite repeatedly.
Chile Song
Northern Dynasties Yuefu
Chilechuan, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain,
The sky is like a dome, covering the surrounding fields.
The sky is clear and the fields are vast.
The wind blows the grass and you can see cattle and sheep.
[Note]
1. Chile: Ethnic name. He lived in Shuozhou (now northern Shanxi Province) during the Northern Qi Dynasty.
2. Yinshan: In the northern part of today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
3. Qionglu: A tent made of felt cloth, that is, a yurt.
4． Cang Cang: cyan.
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[Brief Analysis]
This is a folk song sung by the Chile people, which was translated from Xianbei into Chinese. It sings of the savanna scenery and the life of nomads.
The first two sentences, "Chilechuan, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain" explain that Chilechuan is located at the foot of the towering Yinshan Mountain, which makes the background of the grassland very majestic. In the following two sentences, "The sky is like a dome, covering the four fields." The Chile people use the "domeum" in their lives as a metaphor, saying that the sky is like a large felt dome tent, covering all sides of the grassland, to describe the extreme view. Looking from afar, the sky and wild fields meet, an extremely magnificent scene. This kind of scene can only be seen on the prairie or the sea. The last three sentences, "The sky is blue, the fields are vast, the wind blows the grass and you can see the cattle and sheep" is a magnificent and vibrant panoramic view of the grassland. "The wind blows the grass, and you can see the cattle and sheep." A gust of wind bends the grass, revealing groups of cattle and sheep. It vividly describes the scene of abundant water and grass and fat cattle and sheep here. The whole poem contains just over twenty words, showing a magnificent picture of the life of herders in ancient my country.
This poem has the bright and bold style unique to Northern Dynasty folk songs, with broad realm, majestic tone, clear language and strong artistic summary. Huang Tingjian, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said that the author of this folk song "spoke in a hurry, and his words are so strange that he can tell the truth" (Volume 7 of "Valley Inscriptions and Postscripts"). Because the author is very familiar with the life of grassland herdsmen, he can grasp the characteristics at once without using any force to sculpt, and the artistic effect is very good
Out of the Fortress
Wang Changling
Qin Shi The bright moon is at the end of the Han Dynasty.
The people who have marched thousands of miles have not yet returned.
But the flying generals of Dragon City are here,
Don’t teach Hu Ma to cross the Yin Mountain.
[Note]
1. Going out of the fortress: This is a common title used by poets in the Tang Dynasty when they wrote poems about life in the frontier fortress.
2. Mingyue in Qin and Guan in Han: that is, the bright moon in Qin and Han, and the pass in Qin and Han. This means that the war has never stopped on the long border line.
3. But make: as long as.
4． Dragon City Flying General: refers to the famous general Li Guang of the Han Dynasty. The Huns who invaded the south were afraid of him and called him "Flying General". This generally refers to generals who are brave and capable of fighting.
5. Huma: refers to the foreign cavalry that invades the mainland.
6. Yinshan: In today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it was often relied on to resist the southern invasion of the Xiongnu in ancient times.
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[Brief Analysis]
This is a famous frontier fortress poem, which expresses the poet's hope that a good general will be appointed to quell the war at the frontier fortress as soon as possible so that the people can live a stable life.
The poet starts from describing the scenery. The first sentence outlines a desolate scene with the cold moon shining on the border. "The bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the Pass of the Han Dynasty" cannot be understood as the bright moon of the Qin Dynasty and the pass of the Han Dynasty. Here, the four characters Qin, Han, Guan, and Yue are used interchangeably. In rhetoric, it is called "intertextual meaning", which means the bright moon in Qin and Han Dynasties and the pass in Qin and Han Dynasties. The poet hinted that the war here has not stopped since the Qin and Han Dynasties, highlighting the long time. In the second sentence, "Thousands of miles long march, the people have not yet returned." "Wanli" refers to the thousands of miles between the frontier and the inland. Although it is a false reference, it highlights the vastness of the space. "The person has not yet returned" reminds people of the disasters caused by the war and expresses the poet's grief and indignation.
How can we relieve the people's suffering? The poet places his hope in a capable general. "But let the flying generals of Longcheng be here and not teach the Hu horses to cross the Yinshan Mountains." As long as Li Guang, the flying general guarding Longcheng, is still alive, the Hu cavalry will not be allowed to cross the Yinshan Mountains. "Dragon City Flying General" refers to Li Guang, the famous general who guarded Lulong City under Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was brave and good at fighting and defeated the Huns many times. "Don't teach" means not allowed. The word "teach" is pronounced flatly; "Hu Ma" here refers to the cavalry that invaded by foreign nations. "Du Yin Mountain" means crossing Yin Mountain. Yinshan Mountain is a large mountain range running east-west in the north. It was a natural barrier for the northern border defense in the Han Dynasty. The last two sentences are written implicitly and cleverly, allowing people to draw necessary conclusions from the comparison of past events.
This poem is called the masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. Tragic but not desolate, generous but not superficial, this poem is the first of Wang's two poems "Out of the Fortress".
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About the author: Wang Changling (approx. 698-756), named Shaobo, was born in Jingzhao Chang'an (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). Poet of Tang Dynasty.
Spring Day
Zhu Xi
The beautiful day brings beauty to the shores of Surabaya,
The boundless scenery is new for a while.
Easy to recognize the east wind,
Spring is always spring.
[Notes]
1. Victory Day: A good day with sunny weather.
2. Xunfang: spring outing, outing.
3. Sishui: The name of the river, in Shandong Province.
4. Easy: ordinary, easy. "Easy to recognize" means easy to recognize.
5. East wind: spring breeze.
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[Brief Analysis]
People generally think that this is a spring outing poem. Judging from the scenery written in the poem, it is very similar to this.
The first sentence "Shengri seeks the beauty of Surabaya shore", "Shengri" refers to a sunny day, which points out the weather. "Surabaya Shore" indicates the location. "Xunfang" means looking for beautiful spring scenery, which highlights the theme. The following three sentences are all written about what is seen and gained in "Xunfang". The second sentence, "The boundless scenery is new for a while," describes the initial impression gained from watching the spring scenery. Use "boundless" to describe all the scenery within sight. "A moment of newness" not only describes the return of spring to the earth and the natural scenery taking on a new look, but also describes the author's refreshing and joyful feeling when he goes on an outing. In the third sentence, "It's easy to know the Dongfeng side." The word "knowledge" in the sentence inherits the word "Xun" in the first sentence. "Easy to recognize" means that the face and characteristics of spring are easily identifiable. "Dongfengmian" also refers to spring. The fourth sentence "Everything is always spring" means that all the scenes are dyed with spring light, and people know spring from these thousands of purples and reds. This specifically explains why we can "know the east wind side easily". The word "a thousand purples and reds" in this sentence echoes the word "a new situation" in the second sentence. The third and fourth sentences use figurative language to specifically describe the new situation and the gains from seeking fragrance. From a literal point of view, this poem seems to be about the impressions of spring outing, but if you look closely, the location of the search for fragrance is the shore of Surabaya, which was occupied by the Jin people when the Song Dynasty was crossing south. Zhu Xi had never gone north, so of course it was impossible for him to visit the shores of Surabaya to sing in spring. In fact, the word "Sishui" in the poem refers to Confucius, because in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius once taught students by singing string songs between Zhu and Si. Therefore, the so-called "seeking fragrance" refers to seeking the way of saints. "A thousand purples and reds" refers to the richness and variety of Confucianism. The poet compares the way of the saint to the spring breeze that stimulates vitality and dyes all things. This is actually a philosophical poem that embodies truth and interest in images.
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〔About the author〕
Zhu Xi (1130-1200) was a philosopher of the Southern Song Dynasty. The courtesy name is Yuanhui, the first character is Zhonghui, the nickname is Hui'an, also known as Ziyang, and he was a native of Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Wuyuan, Jiangxi). He is the master of Song Dynasty's acting studies. He also wrote some good poems and was good at integrating philosophy into images. He is famous for "Spring Day" and "Guanshu Youfei".
Spring Dawn
Meng Haoran
Spring sleep does not wake up to dawn,
I hear birds singing everywhere.
At night there is the sound of wind and rain,
I don’t know how many flowers are falling.
[Note]
1. Chunxiao: spring morning.
2. Dawn: Dawn.
3. Unconsciously dawn: Unknowingly it was dawn.
4． Smell: listen.
5. Hear the singing of birds: Hear the singing of birds.
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[Brief Analysis]
This poem depicts a gorgeous picture of spring morning and expresses the poet's beautiful mood of loving spring and cherishing spring.
The first sentence "Spring sleep without waking up", the first word points out the season and writes about the sweetness of spring sleep. "Unconsciously" means hazy and unconsciously. In this warm spring night, the poet slept so soundly that he woke up from his sweet dream only when the rising sun stood by the window. This sentence reveals the poet's joy in loving spring. The second sentence "I hear birds singing everywhere" describes the spring scene and the birds singing in the spring morning. "Everywhere" means everywhere. Birds are noising on the branches, creating a lively scene. "Hearing the singing bird" means "hearing the singing of the bird". In order to rhyme, the word order of the ancient poem has been appropriately adjusted. These two sentences mean: Spring is here, I slept so sweetly, and before I knew it it was daybreak. When I woke up, I heard birds singing everywhere. In the third and fourth sentences, "The sound of wind and rain at night can tell how many flowers have fallen." The poet recalls the misty spring rain last night, and then thinks of the scene of spring flowers being beaten by the wind and rain, and falling red all over the ground. The poet places his feelings of loving and cherishing spring on his sighs for falling flowers. Cherishing spring is also loving spring, and joy is the keynote of the whole poem.
This poem describes spring scenery, not about what you see, but about what you hear and think. The poet writes down his own auditory feelings, and then the readers experience and reproduce the artistic conception described by the poet. Cleverly conceived and very interesting.
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About the author: Meng Haoran (689 -740) from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now part of Hubei). Poet of Tang Dynasty. His pastoral landscape poems are very famous.
Love the rain on a spring night
Du Fu
Good rain knows the season,
When spring happens.
Sneak into the night with the wind,
Moisturize things softly and silently.
At night, all the clouds on the path are dark,
The fire on the river boat is only bright.
Look at the red and wet places at dawn,
The flowers are heavy on the brocade official city.
[Note]
1. Nai: Just.
2. Occurrence: stimulates plant growth.
3. Hidden: secretly, quietly.
4. Moisturizing: allowing plants to be nourished by rainwater.
5. Path: a small road in the countryside.
6. Flowers are heavy: The flowers look plump and heavy due to the rain.
7. Jinguancheng: Another name for Chengdu.
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[Brief Analysis]
This is a poem describing and praising spring rain. The word "xi" in the title applies to the entire article. Although there is not a single word "happy" in the eight lines of the poem, the poet's joy is beyond words.
The first couplet writes about the arrival of spring rain: "Good rain knows the season, and when spring happens," the word "good" expresses the poet's praise for spring rain. Spring is the season when plants sprout and grow. When rain is needed, it begins to rain. The poet uses personification to praise Chunyu for being considerate and understanding, as if he understands people's wishes.
The couplet depicts the characteristics of spring rain: "Sneaking into the night with the wind, moisturizing things silently." It is accompanied by the warm spring breeze, taking advantage of the night to quietly spread over the earth, continuously and densely, moistening silently. All things do not seek to be known and have no intention of pleasing others. Chunyu has such a noble character, and the poet likes it very much.
The neck couplet describes the rain scene on a spring night: "The clouds are all dark on the night path, and the fire on the river boat is only bright.
"The poet hoped that the good rain would last enough. He opened the door and looked out. He saw that the sky was covered with dark clouds and the ground was dark. Even the path could not be seen clearly. Only the fishing fire on the boat in the river showed a little light.
The last couplet "Look at the red wet place at dawn, the flowers are heavy in Jinguancheng" is the poet's imagination: at dawn the next day after the spring rain, the entire Jingguancheng must be a scene of colorful flowers and colorful flowers. Flowers must be more lovable. If the flowers are like this, the crops in the field will definitely grow vigorously. The spring rain brings vitality to the earth and brings people the hope of harvest. How can the poet not praise the spring rain? /p>
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〔About the author〕
Du Fu (712-770), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Gong County, Henan Province (now Gongyi City, Henan Province). He was born in the prosperous period of Kaiyuan and the Anshi Rebellion. He lived a life of wandering and hardship. His poems are widespread. It records the real life of this period and is known as the "History of Poetry". Du Fu is good at various poetry styles and has a profound influence on later generations.
Chuzhou Xijian
Wei Yingwu
The lonely grass grows beside the stream,
On it there are orioles singing in the deep trees.
The spring tide brings the rain late,
p>
No one can cross Yedu
[Note]
1. Chuzhou: now Chu County, Anhui Province
2. Xijian. : In the west of Chu County, the common name is Shangma River.
3. Lian: Love.
4. Shenshu: A tree with dense leaves.
5. Yedu. : Ferry in the countryside
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[ Brief analysis]
This is a famous landscape poem, and it is Wei Yingwu's most famous landscape painting. Although the poem describes ordinary scenery, it has become an artistic conception with the poet's touch. A profound and rhyming painting.
This article was written when the author was in charge of Chuzhou. The author visited Chuzhou Xijian and wrote this poetic poem.
The first two sentences of the poem "I only pity the grass growing beside the stream, and the oriole sings deep in the tree" means: The poet only loves the grass growing beside the stream, and the oriole sings deep in the shade of the tree. This is beautiful. The elegant scenery intertwined with colors and melodious music means "pity alone", which means preference for quiet grass, which reveals the poet's indifferent mind. It means: It rained in the evening and the tide rose faster. There were no pedestrians at the ferry in the countryside, and a ferry was parked across the river. This scene of a rowing boat on a ferry in the rain contains the poet's sadness at his own inaction and is thought-provoking.
Wei Yingwu successively served as the "Three Guardsman" and the history of assassination in Chuzhou, Jiangzhou, Suzhou and other places. He was deeply worried about the political corruption in Zhongtang and was also very concerned about the people's livelihood, but there was nothing he could do. This poem expresses his mood euphemistically.
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[Appreciation]: This is A famous landscape poem and one of Wei Yingwu's masterpieces. The poem was written in the second year of Jianzhong (781) of Emperor Dezong of the Tang Dynasty when the poet was serving as the governor of Chuzhou. The administrative seat of Chuzhou in the Tang Dynasty is now Chu County, Anhui Province. Xijian is located in the western suburbs of Chuzhou City. This poem describes the quiet scene beside the mountain stream.
In the first two sentences of the poem, the poet expresses that in the prosperous scenery of spring, he only loves the lonely grass beside the stream. However, the beautiful call of the oriole can be heard from the lush trees, but the poet does not seem to care. I thought so. The last two sentences describe what I saw on Yedu in the late rain. The late tide plus the spring rain made the water stronger. As for the suburban ferry, there were no pedestrians at this moment. Perhaps the boatman has returned home to rest, and the empty ferry boat is drifting freely. Whether there is any sustenance in this poem and what its meaning is has always been debated. Some people think that it is a metaphor throughout the text, and it is a stab at "the gentleman is at the bottom, and the villain is at the top"; some people think that "this occasional description of the scenery of the Western Stream does not need to have any underlying meaning." In fact, the emotions revealed in the poem are vague and obvious. When you mention the grass and the oriole at the beginning, the poet uses the word "pity alone", which has an obvious meaning. It shows the poet's broad-mindedness when he is poor and modest, and does not live in flattery. The last two sentences are in The leisurely scene of the rushing water and the boat contains a helpless and sad feeling of being out of place and useless. The poet describes the scenery with emotion, uses the scenery to describe his thoughts, writes about the scenery he likes and dislikes, and talks about the love affairs he likes and dislikes. His tranquility and sadness are naturally revealed.
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〔About the author〕
Wei Yingwu (737-792), a poet of the Tang Dynasty.
He was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). Born into a noble family, he served as a bodyguard for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Later, he studied hard and became a famous poet. His poems are most highly praised for their ancient style and five rhymes, and their style is ancient, light and meaningful. Later generations will call him "Wei Liu" together with Liu Guoyuan.
Joining the Army
Wang Changling
The snow-capped mountains are covered with long clouds in Qinghai,
The lonely city looks at Yumen Pass in the distance.
The yellow sand will wear the golden armor in a hundred battles,
The Loulan will never be returned until it is broken.
[Notes]
1. Joining the Army: The old title of Yuefu's "Xianghe Song Ci·Ping Tiaoqu" mostly writes about military affairs and military campaigns. There are seven poems in "Army March" written by Wang Changling, and the fourth one is selected here.
2. Qinghai: now Qinghai Lake. Changyun: Cloudy, the sky is covered with clouds. Snow Mountain: A mountain covered with snow all year round, referring to the Qilian Mountains.
3. Lonely City: Refers to Yumen Pass. Due to its vast territory and sparse population, it gives people the feeling of an isolated city. The word order of this sentence is reversed, which means "looking at the Yumen Pass of the lonely city in the distance".
4. To wear: to wear out. Golden armor: battle suit, armor made of metal.
5. Po Loulan: To completely destroy the enemy. Loulan: The name given to Shanshan in the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty. In the poem, it generally refers to the enemies that were invading the northwest border area at that time.
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[Today's translation]
The continuous large dark clouds of Qinghai Lake,
obscuring the snow-covered Qilian Mountains all year round;
Looking from a distance, only the lonely city can be seen,
That is the Yumen Pass that even the spring breeze cannot blow.
On the vast battlefield of yellow sand,
the soldiers had gone through hundreds of battles and worn out their armored clothes,
but they could not completely eliminate the invading border bandits. ,
They will never return their homeland to their death!
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[About the author]
p>Wang Changling (699-757), courtesy name Shaobo, was a native of Jingzhao Chang'an (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), or Taiyuan (now Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province). A famous frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty. He is good at seven-character quatrains, and his works mostly write about frontier fortresses and farewells, with majestic atmosphere, lasting affection, concise and vivid language, and sonorous and melodious music.
Climb the Stork Tower
Wang Zhihuan
The sun is shining over the mountains,
The Yellow River flows into the sea.
If you want to see a thousand miles away,
Go to the next level.
[Note]
1. Stork Tower: The former site is in Yongji County, Shanxi Province. The three-story building faces Zhongtiao Mountain in front and the Yellow River below. Legend has it that storks often stop here, hence the name.
2. Day: sun.
3. Yi: rely on. This sentence means that the sun sets against the mountains.
4． Exhausted: exhausted.
[Brief Analysis]
This poem describes the poet's extraordinary ambition when climbing high and looking into the distance, reflecting the high-spirited and enterprising spirit of people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The first two sentences describe what you see. "The sun sets over the mountains" describes the distant scenery and the mountains. The author stood on the stork tower and looked to the west. He saw a vast sea of ??clouds and empty mountains. Because of the clouds and fog, the sun turned white and set next to the mountain peaks. "The Yellow River flows into the sea" depicts close-up scenes and water. Downstairs, the roaring Yellow River flows into the sea. These two sentences have a magnificent picture and a grand momentum, which is inspiring after reading.
Write what you think in the last two sentences. "Wish to see a thousand miles away" describes the poet's endless desire to explore. He also wants to see further and see the places that his eyes can reach. The only way is to stand higher and "go to a higher level." building". "Thousands of miles" and "one level" are both imaginary numbers, representing the vertical and horizontal spaces in the poet's imagination. The words "desire to be poor" and "better" contain so much hope and longing. These two poems are famous lines that have been passed down through the ages. They vividly remind us of a philosophy: only by climbing high can we see far; to see far, we must climb high.
This poem consists of two very neat couplets. In the first two sentences, the two nouns "white sun" and "yellow river" are opposite, the two colors "white" and "yellow" are opposite, and the two verbs "yi" and "enter" are opposite. The same goes for the last two sentences, which constitute formal perfection.
The former site of Stork Tower is in Yongji County, Shanxi Province, on a small hill in the Yellow River. It was later washed away by floods. It is recorded in Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Bi Tan": "On the third floor of the Stork Tower, you can look forward to Zhongtiao (name of the mountain) and look down at the river." It can be seen that the erosion did not occur until after the Song Dynasty.
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About the author: Wang Zhihuan (688 -742), courtesy name Jiling, from Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi), and later moved to Jiangzhou (now Jiangxian, Shanxi). Poet of Tang Dynasty.
Looking at the Dongting
Liu Yuxi
The lake light and the autumn moon are in harmony,
There is no goggles on the lake surface that have not been polished.
Looking at the green mountains and rivers of Dongting in the distance,
There is a green snail in the silver plate.