Xu Hongxing and Yao, editors-in-chief of Ge's "The Rise and Fall of the Millennium" series, wrote in "A Glance at the History of Song Dynasty": "The prosperity of the capital cities of the Song Dynasty also created conditions for the extravagant enjoyment of the ruling class at that time. The poem written by Lin Sheng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, on the wall of Lin 'an Hotel is the best exposure of the ruler's partiality and arrogance:' When will the West Lake dance stop outside the castle peak? Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a Bianzhou. ”"
Wang Zengyu's New Biography of Yue Fei: "The rulers headed by Song Gaozong must rebuild their cities in order to enjoy themselves in time. As a result of the reconstruction, the beautiful scenery became a symbol of surrender and humiliation. Lin Sheng, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote: "When will the West Lake dance stop?" ? Warm wind makes tourists drunk, pretending to be Bianzhou, Hangzhou. " "
"Outside the castle peak building outside the mountain, when will the West Lake sing and dance stop? Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou Bianzhou. " -Lin Wai, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, titled "Lin 'an House".
The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk. "Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and the people. At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.
The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. This poem is written for this dark reality. It pours out the indignation pent up in the hearts of the broad masses of people, and also expresses the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the nation.
This is a textbook-style standard explanation. In a word, the textbooks of New China set this poem as a satire on the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty, accusing the government of the Southern Song Dynasty of leading a drunken life and dragging out an ignoble existence.
When I was a teacher at school, I had doubts about the teacher's interpretation of "tourists" as the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty? But at that time, I was young and ignorant, so I had to be cheated passively. With the continuous growth of knowledge, I read more and more real original materials about the Song Dynasty. I can conclude that there are obvious deviations in the interpretation of the poem "Lin 'an House" in the textbook, and the understanding of this poem is also very superficial.
There are several fatal loopholes in the interpretation of textbooks, which are really hard to justify.
First, "West Lake"
The West Lake is a public place for people to play, not the exclusive paradise of the ruling class, nor the back garden of the Song Dynasty Palace.
When Su Dongpo was demoted to Hangzhou in the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Song Shenzong (AD 1085), Hangzhou was not particularly developed and prosperous, and it was still relatively backward compared with many big cities in the Song Dynasty.
Dysprosium is everywhere in the West Lake, which was dredged almost every year from the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, it was gradually abandoned, so the West Lake was silted up at that time, leaving fewer and fewer lakes, facing a completely barren situation. Su Dongpo wrote to the court after taking office: "Should the West Lake be abolished?" With the strong support of the imperial court, it began to comprehensively renovate the West Lake. At that time, Hangzhou and its surrounding areas were suffering from drought, hunger and epidemics. Su Shi asked the court to reduce the supply of rice by one third, exchange rice for famine relief, and sell the rice stored in the warehouse at a reduced price to avoid famine among the people in Hangzhou. Because the labor cost after the disaster was relatively low, 200,000 people were raised to start rectifying the long-standing problem of the West Lake.
Su Dongpo saw that the Maoshan River was specially influenced by the tide and the Yanqiao River was specially influenced by the lake, so he connected the two rivers and built a sluice to control the storage and discharge of the lake. Since then, the river tide has stopped flowing into the city. The distance between the north and south of the West Lake is 30 miles. Su Dongpo decided to dig out a lot of silt at the bottom of the lake and build a long embankment to communicate with the north and the south to facilitate people's passage. Then planted hibiscus and willow on the long bank. From then on, the West Lake looked like a painting. The people of Hangzhou call the Long Dike Su Gong Dike to thank Su Dongpo for his achievements. In short, after Su Dongpo's planning and management, the West Lake has since become an intoxicating beauty.
Su Dongpo's friend Liu Jingwen, a native of Zhejiang Province, wrote a poem that "boating in the West Lake is Dongpo", saying that "the spring scenery of the West Lake is more beautiful than that of that year, and many people lead boating on flutes. Merrill Lynch is born on the water, and the clothes are blocked in front of the mountain. Benevolence is in things, birds are in fish, and happiness follows people's vegetation. Half drunk flower arrangement is different, and the photo must be Li Longmian. " Su Dongpo often plays in the West Lake and meets with friends, so he is known as the "romantic satrap". Someone wrote a poem praising him and said, "Although you like folk music, you think about romance and lust. Why do people envy? Changing the yuan is bold and deep. " Su Dongpo also wrote a poem: "The beauty of the West Lake is in the world, and there are no fools among tourists." All these show that there were many civilians visiting the West Lake in the Northern Song Dynasty. With the spread of Su Dongpo's poem "If the West Lake is better than the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate", the West Lake began to become famous all over the world. Won the love of many Song people, who wrote: "Once you visit the West Lake, you are a fairy." "The scenery of the West Lake, there is nothing in the world, and a thousand words are full of paper." And so on. Poems praising the West Lake. Zhang Dai, a writer in the late Ming Dynasty, said in Dream of the West Lake: "In the Northern Song Dynasty, everyone went to the West Lake." The beauty of the West Lake is Su Dongpo's legacy to Li Shu in Hangzhou, which belongs to the people of Hangzhou and the people of Song Dynasty.