Dongting Lake's letter to the Prime Minister Haoran is here for the eighth month, and heaven is an air. Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang. I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age. Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish. This is a dry poem. In the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (733), Meng Haoran traveled to Chang 'an and wrote this poem as a gift to Zhang Jiuling at that time. The purpose is to gain Zhang's appreciation and appointment, but only to maintain his own identity, writing so euphemistically, trying to annihilate the traces of the dry bow. Autumn water is rising, and Dongting Lake is full in August, almost flush with the shore. Looking from a distance, water and sky are one color, and Dongting Lake is connected with the sky. In the first two sentences, Dongting Lake is very cheerful and muddy. Wang Yang is vast, connected with the sky, with lush flowers and trees, which can accommodate large and small rivers. Three or four sentences about the lake. The sentence "steaming" is about the rich accumulation of lakes, as if the vast swamp area has been nourished by lakes, which makes it look so lush and lush. The word "wave shake" is placed on "Yueyang city", which sets off the turmoil of the surging lake and is also very imposing. In people's eyes, this lakeside city seems to crouch uneasily under its feet and become extremely small. These two sentences are called famous sentences describing Dongting Lake. But there are still differences between the two sentences: the first sentence uses a broad plane to set off the vastness of the lake, and the second sentence uses a narrow three-dimensional to reflect the momentum of the lake. Dongting Lake described by the poet is not only vast, but also full of vitality. The following four sentences become lyrical. "I want to go there, but I can't find the boat" is triggered by the scenery in front of me. Facing the vast lake, the poet thought he was still in the wild, but no one took the lead in finding the way, just as he wanted to cross the lake without a boat. "I am more ashamed to be idle than you politicians" means that in this era of "enlightened" peace and prosperity, I am not willing to be idle and want to do something. These two sentences are a formal confession to Prime Minister Zhang, indicating that although he is a hermit at present, he is unwilling to do so. He still yearns for the official position, but he still can't find a way. So let's go one step further and call on Prime Minister Zhang. "angler" refers to the person in power at that time, but it is actually for Prime Minister Zhang. These last two sentences mean: Mr. Zhang, who is in power, I admire you for coming out to preside over state affairs, but as an opposition person, I can't stay with you and work for you, so I can only admire you for nothing. In these words, the poet skillfully used the old saying that "it is better to retreat and build a net" ("Huainanzi said Xun Lin"), which is another renovation; And "fishing" also happens to take care of the "lake", so there is no trace, but it is not difficult to understand his mood of asking for quotations. As a dry poem, the most important thing is to write it properly and praise the other party for being measured and not losing his identity. The wording should be neither supercilious nor condescending, which is the first-class writing. This poem is tactful, unconventional and has its own artistic characteristics. On an autumn night in the deep mountains, Wang Wei stood empty after the rain. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time. This famous landscape painting embodies the poet's noble feelings and pursuit of the ideal realm in poetry and painting. "An empty mountain after the rain stands in the autumn evening." It is clearly written in the poem that there is a female fishing boat. How can the poet write that it is an "empty mountain"? It turned out that the lush trees in the mountains covered up the traces of people's activities. It's called "There seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I think I hear a voice" (Chai Lu)! Because there are few people here, "no one in the cave knows about foreign affairs, and outsiders only see empty mountains and thick clouds" ("Peach Garden Tour"), most people naturally have rich mountains and people. The word "empty mountain" points out that this place is like a paradise. In the early days of Shan Yu, everything was new. It was early autumn evening. It is conceivable that the air is fresh and the scenery is wonderful. "Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream." It was dark, but there was a bright moon in the sky. The flowers have withered, but there are pine trees covered. The mountain spring is clear, flowing through the rocks, like a pure white practice, shining in the moonlight, what a quiet and clear natural beauty! Wang Wei's "Four Sages on the Classics" once praised the noble sentiments of the two hermits, saying that "there is no evil wood in the shade, and drinking water must be extreme." The poet himself is such a noble-minded person. He once said, "It is better to drink the water if you live in a wild forest, and you don't have to sit on the beam and watch the princes in the rugged." ("Dedicate the Beginning to Prosper the Duke") Isn't it the ideal state that he pursues when the pine tree falls and the clear spring falls on the stone this month? These two sentences are picturesque, casual and out of tune. Such touching and natural scenery writing has reached the level of artistic perfection, which is beyond the ordinary people's ability to learn. "The bamboo whispers that the laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaves bend in front of the fishing boat." A burst of joy and laughter broke out in the bamboo forest. It was some innocent girls who washed their clothes and came back with a smile. The graceful lotus leaves spread out to both sides one after another, overturning countless pearl-like crystal drops. It's a fishing boat going down the river, which cuts the tranquility of the moonlight in the lotus pond. There are such a group of carefree, hardworking and kind people under the bright moon and among the bamboos and violets. This pure and beautiful picture of life reflects the poet's ideal of living a quiet simple living, and at the same time, it shows his aversion to dirty officialdom from the opposite side. These two sentences are cleverly written, but the pen does not show traces, which makes people feel unique. The poet wrote "Bamboo Noisy" and "Lotus Moving" first, because the Huannv was hidden in the bamboo forest and the fishing boat was covered with lotus leaves. At first, I didn't see it. It was not until I heard the noise of the bamboo forest and saw the lotus leaves in full bloom that I found the Huannv and the Lotus Boat. This writing is more realistic and poetic. The two couplets in the middle of the poem are all about scenery, but each has its own emphasis. Zhuan Xu re-writes, fragrant and clear; Neck ties focus on writing people and hope for political communication with people. At the same time, the two complement each other. Spring water, pine, bamboo and purple can be said to be a portrayal of the poet's noble sentiment and an ideal environment for the poet. Since the poet is so noble, and he found a satisfactory paradise in that seemingly "empty mountain", he couldn't help saying, "My friend's prince, spring has passed, and you are still here. What does it matter? ! "The original" Songs of the South Calling Hermits "said:" When the king returns, he can't stay in the mountains for a long time! " The poet's experience is just the opposite. He felt that "in the mountains" was better than "in the DPRK", clean and simple, and he could stay away from officialdom and lead a totally clean life, so he decided to retire. An important artistic technique of this poem is to express the poet's personality beauty and an ideal social beauty with natural beauty. On the surface, this poem only uses the method of "Fu" to shape mountains and rivers, and gives a detailed and touching description of the scenery. Actually, it's full of comparisons. The poet expresses his ambition through the description of the scenery, which is rich in content and intriguing. Qing Ping Le Xin Qi Ji has a low eaves and a grassy stream. Drunk Wu local drunk, gentle voice, white-haired old man who is it? The big boy hoes beans and flows east, while the middle boy weaves chicken cages; I like children and scoundrels best, lying on the head of the stream peeling lotus flowers. In this poem, the author reflects his subjective feelings by describing the scenery in the countryside, not just a purely objective sketch. The author's ci sketches the lives of some non-working members from a non-working environment in the countryside, reflecting the vitality and interest of the countryside in spring. The first and second sentences of the last film were seen by the author, and the lens was a little far away. In "Low and Small", Deng quoted Du Fu's quatrain "Manxing": "I am familiar with Mao Zhai, and I am very humble and diligent on the river." It is written that the living conditions in the rural areas of the Southern Song Dynasty are not very good. If you don't go near the low eaves, you can't see the activities of this family and hear people's voices. In the second stage, it is obvious that the hut is not far from the stream, and the grass by the stream has turned green. In fact, the meaning of "spring grass grows in the pond" in Xie Lingyun's "Climbing the pond upstairs" shows that spring is a busy season in the countryside. The author was slightly drunk and wandered around until he approached the thatched eaves of the hut, but he heard a voice talking to Wu Yin, which made him feel kind and sweet (so-called "love"). Only then did he find that all the adults in this family went to work in the fields, and only an old couple stayed at home and talked about their family. So I used a rhetorical question: "Whose old man is this?" Then turn to the description of other teenagers in this family. In this way, the subjective and objective levels are clear, which is more reasonable than calling the subject of "drunkenness" Weng Xu. In the next film, it is written that the older children hoe beans and the middle children weave chicken cages, all of which are written that informal workers are engaged in some sideline businesses. This shows that the vast majority of rural people are not idle people waiting for food and getting something for nothing. Even immature children have to do something within their power, so the efforts and diligence of adults can be imagined. Only the elderly and the youngest children who have no labor can enjoy it. This is actually a description from Zhuangzi's horseshoe, which is more vivid, implicit and vivid than Zhuangzi. In particular, the author uses the method of comparing the pen with the edge, which reflects the quiet and leisurely side of rural life, but leaves a lot of imagination for readers. This is exactly the same as the ending of the author's "Partridge Sky", which says that "the peaches and plums in the city are worried about the wind and rain, and the spring flowers in the stream head are shepherd's purse". In terms of artistic effect, it has the same effect. The fisherman is proud of Li Qingzhao, and the Galaxy wants to dance Qian Fan. As if the dream soul belonged to the emperor. Smell the sky and politely ask me where to go. I report the long night and study poetry. There are amazing sentences. 90,000 Li Fengpeng is a positive move. Let the wind calm down and the ship will blow away the three mountains! Cai Wei <<> in the past, I'm gone, and I'm coming out of it. Today, I am thinking about this problem. It is raining and snowing. The road is slow, carrying thirst and hunger. I feel sad, and I don't know I'm sad. -The Book of Songs. Xiaoya. Cai Wei (chanting trumpet) Wang Qing plays trumpet and suona, and the music is small and loud. The official ship is like a mess, and it depends on you to improve your prestige. The army worries about the army, and the people are afraid of the army. Where can I tell the true from the false? Look at some people's stones, so that some people's vitality will be blown away, and the family will be ruined! Note: The trumpet and suona are small, but the tune is big. The official ship is in a mess, and the price increase depends on you. Soldiers are worried about soldiers, and people are afraid of soldiers. Where can I tell the truth from the false? Seeing this family blown over, hurting that one, the goose was blown dry. It also flew to Nalanxingde's "Sauvignon Blanc", where water was a journey, and when it reached Guan Yu, it was a thousand lights at night; When the wind changes and the snow changes, it is impossible to break the dream of hometown, and there is no such sound in the garden. Fifthly, enlist in the army. Fifteen, join the army and return at the age of eighty. Everyone in the village, who is at home? From a distance, that's your home, where there are many pines and cypresses. Rabbits enter from the dog's sinus and pheasants fly from the beam. In the atrium, Green Valley was born, and in the well, Lv Kui was born. Grains are used as rice, and sunflower is used as soup. I don't know who it is. Going out and looking east, tears fell on my clothes. Han Yuefu's "Long Songs" Original: Kwai is in the garden, and the morning dew is waiting for the sun. Spring fills the earth with hope, and everything presents a scene of prosperity. I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither. The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west? A lazy youth, a lousy age. Note: This poem is selected from Han Yuefu. Yuefu is a royal musical organ established since the Qin Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of poems were collected from the people, which were rich in content and wide in subject matter. This poem is one of them. Long song line: the name of the Han Yuefu tune. Sunflower: an ancient vegetable. X: I did it. Yangchun: It's spring, with plenty of sunshine and abundant dew. B: spread and spread. Deze: Enze. Autumn Festival: Autumn. Festivals, seasons, festivals. Yellow: yellow. Flower: the same as "flower". Decline: For rhyme, it can be read as archaic. Hundreds of rivers: countless rivers. Sichuan, rivers. Acts 23: In vain, useless. Sunflowers in the garden are lush, and Ran Ran rises in the crystal clear morning sun. Spring scatters hope all over the earth, and everything shows prosperity. I am always afraid that the cold autumn will come, the leaves will turn yellow and the grass will wither. When can a hundred rivers run to the sea and return to the west? If young people don't work hard in time, they will only regret it for a lifetime when they are old. Comments: This is a famous sentence of Yuefu in Han Dynasty. The poem uses a series of metaphors to show that we should cherish time and work hard as soon as possible. Farewell to the willows, green hanging on the ground and flowers flying in the sky. Willows fold and flowers fly, asking whether they have gone or not. This poem "Farewell" came from the Sui Dynasty, and the author has been unable to verify it, but the reluctant feelings expressed by Liu in the poem have been passed down to this day.
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