discrepancy
1. Differences in ideological content: Tao Yuanming lived in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, with constant wars and strict political system. When it was his turn to be an ancestor, his family had declined. "Biography of the Book of Song Dynasty" said: "The county sent Du You to the county, and the county official Bai said,' I should see it around.' Qian sighed and said, "I can't bow down to the village man for five buckets of rice/I can't leave my job today." "After resigning and retiring, he returned to the countryside. Returning to the Garden (I) describes the beautiful and quiet rural scenery, and expresses the poet's quiet and happy mood after returning to the garden and his hatred for the dirty officialdom. There are twenty sentences in the whole poem. The first eight sentences describe one's personality ambition, straying into the dust net, and finally leaving the officialdom and returning to the countryside. The next eight sentences are all about the quiet rural scenery and the pleasant mood of rural life; The last four sentences are about the quiet fun of life and the feeling of returning to nature. The poet used 20 simple poems to describe the pastoral scenery, and all the poems expressed the joy of the poet after his retirement.
During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the society was stable, the national strength was strong, and the social economy and culture were prosperous. Wang Wei lived in seclusion as an official. The farmhouse on the Wei River describes the scenery of the mountain village and the life of farmers. This poem is written at sunset, when night falls, and it is written about a quiet and natural family coming home late. After reading Wei, the focus of the whole poem naturally falls on the word "return". In the poet's pen, the scenery that can be seen everywhere on the farm, such as the sunset, the return of cattle and sheep, the return of old people and others, the return of shepherds, crows in wheat fields, is poetic and picturesque, with a unique pastoral atmosphere. In fact, farmers are not idle. Compared with the poet's own official life, farmers are more secure and free, so the poem is filled with a sense of leisure. In the first half of the poem, there are so many "returns", which actually means that everyone has a return, which reflects that the poet himself has not returned; Everyone, anxious to return, lived in peace, reflecting the poet's own retirement and his loneliness and depression in officialdom. The last sentence of this poem "No wonder I long for a simple life and sigh the old song, Oh, go back again!" " Point out the soul of the whole poem.
It can be concluded that the differences of times and life experiences make the two poets of Wang Tao express different ideological contents in these two poems.
2. Different ways of seclusion lead to different emotions. Tao Yuanming's retirement often can't solve his livelihood problem. He is poor and secluded, so he has to live and work with the villagers. His poems are based on direct experience, and life and poetry, poetry and life all give people a simple and cordial feeling. Return to the Garden (I) only reveals a little information, and the following poems can profoundly reveal this experience. Wang Wei regards the official's salary as the economic pillar of hermit's life, rich and reclusive. He writes poetry, drinks, paints and writes calligraphy at the country house, carefree. Therefore, his landscape poems are exquisite and elegant, while his pastoral poems are obviously a kind of leisure and lightness, and there is no one around, lacking the intimacy of Tao poetry. The sentence "That's it" in Wei illustrates this point. More than a thousand years after Wang Wei, there were a great number of pastoral poems, such as those who rubbed their hands can get an index, and none of them watched from afar. The reason is that the scholar-officials or literati despise their work and stay away from practice, which is one of the reasons why they have different feelings when writing pastoral poems.
3. Differences in artistic characteristics:
Because of its innovation and development, Wang Wei's pastoral poems are obviously different from those of Tao Yuanming. (1). The relationship between landscape and people. Return to the Garden only describes the scenery, not the characters. From Ye Nan, thatched cottage, elm willow, peach and plum, distant village, near smoke, cock crowing and dog barking, everything you see and hear is pleasant. Although there are no traces of characters in the poem, all this is poetic after Tao Yuanming's touch. A farmhouse by the Wei River, from sunset, cattle and sheep, wheat fields, old people to shepherd boys, seems ordinary, but the poet is handy, and the meaning of harmony between man and nature is fully demonstrated. For example, the old man, the shepherd boy and the farmer are humanized in this poem, which adds a lot of human touch. After reading it, people can't help but enter the carefree realm of this country.
(2) Returning to the Garden uses metaphor, using "dust net" and "cage" to symbolize the dark officialdom, highlighting the poet's love and hate. "Old Garden" and "Old Forest" symbolize the beautiful rural life. In contrast, the poet felt extremely happy when he returned to the field. In addition, the sentences of "trapping birds" and "pond fish" are also the use of Bixing. The poem "Wei Shui Nong Jia" adopts line drawing technique, which reveals the poet's true feelings in the objective description of the scenery, which is natural and fresh; Full of poetry, with a high degree of unity of poetry and painting, Su Shi once commented in Lantian misty rain map: "There are paintings in poetry, and there are poems in paintings."
(3) In terms of structural mode, Gui Yuan Ju adopts the mode of the first eight sentences of discussion, the last eight sentences of scenery description and the last four sentences of reasoning. [Song] Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing and Conceiving Conghua" Volume 4 quotes Hui Hong's "Cold Zhai Night Talk": Dongpo tastes the cloud: "In Yuan and Ming poems, the first sight is slow, and the second sight is familiar. For example,' It's warm in the distant village, and there is smoke in the Yi Yi market',' Dogs bark in the deep alley, and mulberry trees crow at the top of chickens' are only wonderful if they have high rate and far-reaching significance, such as a great craftsman carrying a catty without an axe. "The farmer on the Weihe River is the first eight sentences, and the last two are lyrical. [Qing] Wang Fuzhi's "Tang Poetry Review" Volume II: The whole article is enclosed by the word "this". The first eight sentences are sentimental, not scenic, and belong to the life of words, which always coincides with Jian' an and above.
similar
1. In terms of ideological content:
Wang Wei and Tao Yuanming have different life experiences. Wang Wei is an official and a recluse, and Tao Yuanming is an official and a recluse. However, both poets chose to return to nature after they were dissatisfied with their official career, in order to seek liberation and find new life values again. This is why their poems "Wei Shui Peasant" and "Returning to the Garden" have the same content and ideas: (1). They all tend to describe nature and express their feelings and moods in it. It is precisely because of his love for nature that pastoral has become one of the necessary themes for him to express his feelings. Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are deeply loved by later generations, and Wang Wei's pastoral poems have become the essence of his poems. (2) Both thoughts and emotions reveal passive isolation. Out of "seclusion" or boredom with officialdom, Wang Wei's "Wei Shui Peasant" and Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" and other pastoral poems have a tendency to enjoy know life and escape from reality, which has had a negative impact on later scholars.
2. In artistic style:
As the name implies, Wang Wei's "Wei Shui Peasant" and Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden" are both five-character pastoral poems describing agricultural scenery. (1). Language expression and allusions. The language is simple and natural, and it is often dizzy after a few strokes. Wang's poem "Wei" is only/10 ***50 * * 50 words, which is really short of ink and far-reaching artistic conception. One of Tao's poems, Gui, is only 20 words *** 100, which has inherent rhythmic beauty and depicts picturesque landscapes. In the description of nature, the true feelings are revealed, showing a unique artistic conception. Being able to go so deep into the inner layer of natural beauty and show its charm is not unrelated to Wang Tao's talent, especially their peaceful and quiet mind of returning to nature. Both poems quoted ancient poems. The "empty room" in Tao's poems is quoted from the book "Zhuangzi on Earth": "Empty room makes white." Tao Yuanming slightly modified the sentence "A rooster crows at the top of a tree and a dog barks in a palace" in Xianghe Qu by Han Yuefu, and became a classic sentence describing rural scenery. The original word "Yuan" in Liu Yu Yin Hou Yan was revised according to the Song Edition of Collected Works of Tao Yuanming in Qijiage. The "declining singing" in Wang's poems means that he wants to retire to the countryside. "Decline" comes from the title of The Book of Songs, and there is a saying: "Decline, decline, Hu Bugui 1 takes its meaning here.
(2) Description angle and application technique: Gui Yuan Ju goes from far to near, and then from near to far, such as "Eh, Eh, Far People Village, Yi Yi Market Smoke", from far to near, with more than ten acres of square houses and 89 thatched houses. "Yu Liu Yin's back eaves, Li Tao Luo tang qian" uses a perspective from the general field of vision to the far and then to the near. This ingenious combination is natural. "Deep alley" means that the sound is coming from a distance, and the crow sound of "Mulberry Peak" is also far away, not so real and crisp, but a little vague. It adopts the listening angle from far to near, giving people a very empty feeling and appearing quieter. The first four sentences of "Wei Shui Nong Jia", from near to far, describe the rural scenery in early summer and evening, giving people a sense of leisure and nature. Both of these poems use a combination of motion and static. The dynamic scene of dogs crowing and chickens crowing in Returning to the Garden, that is, "dogs crowing in deep alleys and chickens crowing on the top of mulberry trees", is dynamic and quiet. This kind of tranquility is different from lifelessness. The crowing of a dog only brings vivid interest to a quiet life, and it has simply reached the realm of transformation. Static scenes such as Wei Shui Peasant, Shan Ye Sunset, Waiting, Narrow Path Home Lane, Maocaomen Old Man, etc. describe the tranquility of the Tian family from one side and show the poet's leisure. With static contrast and dynamic combination, it depicts a quiet, leisurely and poetic pastoral scenery.
Generally speaking, the two poems "Returning to the Garden" and "Wei Shui Peasant" respectively represent the pastoral feelings of the two poets to some extent. We can know that the pastoral complex expressed in Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems and Wang Wei's landscape pastoral poems is different because of the different background, life experience and personality cultivation. Let us feel the different moods of the two great poets and bring us endless deep complex.