1. Poems about metonymy
1. How to relieve worries? Only Du Kang. (The wine is borrowed from the legendary inventor of wine "Dukang")
"Dan Ge Xing" Two Han Dynasties: Cao Cao
What a life when singing to wine! Like morning dew, it will be more painful every day when it goes away. Generosity should be shown as generosity, and worries will be unforgettable. How to relieve worries? Only Du Kang.
Green Zi Jin, my heart is leisurely. But for your sake, I still ponder it. Yo yo deer roar, eat wild apples. I have guests who play the harp and sheng.
It’s as bright as the moon, when can you shake it off? Worry comes from it and cannot be cut off. The more unfamiliar you are, the more you cross the border, the more useless you are. Qi Kuo talks about Yan, thinking about old kindness.
The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south. Three twists and turns around the tree, where is the branch to lean on? The mountains never get too high and the sea never gets too deep. The Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to its heart.
Definition:
Drinking and singing at the same time, how many years of life are there. Just like the morning dew, it disappears in an instant, too much time has passed! The singing was impassioned at the banquet, but the sadness in my heart was hard to forget. What can you rely on to relieve your depression? Only drinking wine. You learned and talented people, you make me yearn for you day and night. It's just because of you that I still recite it in pain.
Under the sunshine, the deer sang happily and ate mugwort in the wilderness. Once talented people from all over the world come to my house, I will play the harp and the sheng to entertain the guests. When can I pick up the bright moon hanging in the sky? The deep sorrow in my heart can't stop gushing out. Guests from far away came to visit me through the criss-crossing field roads. After a long absence, we reunited to talk and have a feast, reliving the kindness of the past.
The moonlight was bright and the stars were sparse, and a group of nesting magpies flew south. They flew around the tree for three weeks without folding their wings. Where can they find shelter? The mountains are majestic only if they do not abandon the earth and rocks, and the sea is majestic only if it does not abandon the trickling water. I wish to be as courteous and virtuous as the Duke of Zhou, and wish that all the heroes in the world would sincerely submit to me.
2. Yu Kaifu is fresh and handsome, and he joins the army. ("Kaifu" is used instead of Yu Xin, and "Joining the Army" is used for Bao Zhao)
From "Recalling Li Bai in Spring" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty
Bai Ye's poems are invincible, and his thoughts are wandering. group. Yu Kaifu is fresh and handsome, and Bao joins the army.
Spring trees in Weibei, dusk clouds in Jiangdong. When a bottle of wine, important and detailed essays.
Interpretation:
Li Bai's poetry is unmatched, and his superb talents are far beyond ordinary people. Li Bai's poems have the freshness of Yu Xin's poems and the elegant style of Bao Zhao's works. Now, I am alone in Weibei, facing the spring trees, while you are in Jiangdong, looking at the dusk and thin clouds in the distance. The sky is far apart, and I can only miss each other from a distance. When will we be able to drink together at the same table and discuss our poetry in detail again?
3. Think back to those days, when we were strong and powerful, we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger. ("Golden Arms and Iron Horse" are used to refer to elite troops)
From "Yong Yu Le·Jingkou Beigu Pavilion Nostalgic for the Past" written by Xin Qiji of the Song Dynasty
Throughout the ages, there are no heroes to be found, Sun Zhongmou at. On the dance pavilion and singing stage, the wind is always blown away by the rain. The setting sun, the grass and trees, the ordinary alleys, where the slaves of humanity once lived. I remember those days when we were fierce and powerful, and we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger.
Yuan Jia hastily sealed the wolf in Xu, and won a hasty visit to the north. Forty-three years later, I still remember the beacon fire on Yangzhou Road. But looking back, under the Buddha and Li Temple, there is a sacred crow drum. Who can ask, Lian Po is old, can he still make a living?
Interpretation:
Through the ages, it is difficult to find a hero like Sun Quan. The dance pavilions and singing stages of the past are still there, but the heroes have long since disappeared with the passage of time. The setting sun shines on the ordinary alleys covered with grass and trees. People say that this is where Liu Yu once lived. I remember back then, when he commanded powerful and sophisticated soldiers and horses, and devoured the arrogant captives like a fierce tiger!
Emperor Yuanjia launched the Northern Expedition and wanted to establish immortal military exploits and seal Lang as Xu. However, he fled for his life in a panic and shed countless tears when he looked north to his pursuers. Forty-three years have passed. Looking at the north bank of the Yangtze River, I still remember the scene of raging war in Yangzhou. It’s really unbearable to look back. The Tuoba Tao Ancestral Hall is full of incense, crows peck at the sacrifices, and the drums are beaten for sacrifices. Who else would ask, Lian Po’s appetite is okay now that he is old?
4. The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky. (The "sail", the protruding part of the sailboat, is used to represent the entire ship)
From "The Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty
The old friend said goodbye to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and there were three fireworks Yangzhou under the moon.
The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky. (Wei Tong: Wei)
Definition:
My friend said goodbye to me at the Yellow Crane Tower, and went on a long trip to Yangzhou in March when catkins were like smoke and flowers were blooming. The silhouette of the lone boat and sail gradually disappeared at the end of the blue sky, and only the rolling Yangtze River was seen rushing towards the sky.
5. The wine and meat in Zhumen smells bad, and there are frozen bones on the road. (Using "Zhumen" to refer to a noble family)
"Five Hundred Words from Beijing to Fengxian County" (Excerpt) Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
Zhumen's wine and meat are smelly, and the road is freezing dead bones.
The prosperity and decline are so close and different, and the melancholy is difficult to describe again.
Interpretation:
In that Zhumen, the wine and meat of the rich family wafts with the enticing aroma. On this road, who will bury the poor people who died of cold and starvation! Only a few steps apart, there are two worlds with different pain and joy. The injustices in the world fill my chest with grief and anger, and I can't talk about it anymore! 2. Write verses that use metonymy in ancient poetry
Original publisher: Immortal Guiding the Way
The words "metonymy" and "metonymy" in ancient poetry do not directly refer to someone or something. The name is replaced by a name closely related to it. "Methodology" is also called "name change". Such name change can evoke associations and make the expression have a prominent, distinctive, concrete and vivid effect. There are several ways of "metaphorism" in ancient poetry and prose: 1. Using characteristics to replace the ontology ① The wine and meat in Zhumen are smelly, and there are frozen bones on the road. (Du Fu's "Five Hundred Words of Ode to the Emperor from Beijing to Fengxian") Use "Zhumen" to replace the homes of dignitaries. ② How many of the Jin gentry are able to persevere in their ambitions in such a vast world? (Zhang Pu's "Tombstones of Five People") (How many people in such a vast area of ??the country are there who are officials and can keep their integrity?) "Jin gentry" is used to replace ordinary people who are officials. Because ancient ministers wore the wat in their belts, officials were called "Jin gentry". Jin, insert; Gentleman, belt. 2. Replace the whole with parts ① The shadow of the lone sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky. (Li Bai's "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling") The protruding part of the sailboat "sail" is used to represent the entire ship. ② An Neng can destroy his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful. (Li Bai's "Sleepwalking Tianmu's Song of Farewell") Replace bowing your head with "destroying eyebrows" 3. Replace abstraction with concreteness ① Lifting up wine to drink without orchestral music. (Bai Juyi's "Pipa") "Guan" and "Xian" represent wind instruments and string instruments, here they represent music. ②Think of those days when we were strong and powerful, and could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger. (Xin Qiji's "Yong Yu Le. Nostalgic for the Past at Guting, Bei Jingkou") (Thinking back to the time when Liu Yu led his troops in the Northern Expedition. The troops were strong and powerful, swallowing up mountains and rivers like tigers.) Replace the elite troops with "golden arms and iron horses". ③Lin Xiangru only works with his words and ranks above me. ("Biographies of Lian Lin") (Lin Xiangru established merit only because of his ability to speak and eloquence, but his status was actually higher than mine.) "Speech" represents argument. 4. Replacing general names with proper names 3. What are the ancient poems that contain "metaphorism"
1. Thinking back to those days when the war was like war and iron horses - Xin Qiji's "Forever Happiness? Nostalgia for the Past in Guting, Bei Jingkou"
Jin Ge and Iron Horse refer to the elite troops
2. After the hardships have been encountered, the fighting is scattered all around. ——Wen Tianxiang's "Crossing the Lingding Ocean"
Fighting refers to war
3. There is no confusion of silk and bamboo, and there is no labor of writing documents. ——Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble Room"
Silk and bamboo refer to music
4. The master dismounts his horse A guest is on a boat and wants to drink, but there is no orchestra. ——Bai Juyi's "Pipa Play"
Orchestral Music
5. In the case of Jinyang, few people are in danger and the country is in danger. — - "Han Feizi? Difficult One"
The State of Sheji Dynasty
6. If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people; if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. - Fan Zhongyan " Yueyang Tower"
The temple refers to the imperial court
7. The anger of the common people. ——"Tang Sui Fulfills the Mission"
The common people represent the common people
8. The pink fragrance returns to the cave door with laughter, and the curtain is hung to protect the window screen - He Zhu's "Huanxi Sha? A wisp of clouds is sold at the corner of the building for the first time"
The pink fragrance refers to plum blossoms
9. If you are still drunk tonight, you should be helped by the red sleeves - Bai Juyi's "Yin on Wine"
The red sleeves refer to beautiful women
10. Just like the rhinoceros in the horse's chest coming from Hebei Province, it will come naturally. Buried red pink turns white into ashes. ——Li Shangyin's "Mawei"
Red pink refers to beautiful women.
11. Weeping bitterly, all the six armies are naked, and being angry with the crown turns beauty. ——Wu Weiye's "Yuan Yuanqu"
Beauty refers to beautiful women
12. I am a handsome man, but I am not as honest as that girl. ——Cao Xueqin's "A Dream of Red Mansions"
Men Borrowing to refer to a man
13. In one day, fame spread all over the world, and the city was full of peaches and plums belonging to the Spring Officials.
——Liu Yuxi's poem "Xuan Master Yuan Yuan and Wang Shilang of the Ministry of Rites" released the list, so the poem continued "He"
Tao Li refers to students
14. Open a banquet and talk about Sang Ma over wine. ——Meng Haoran's "Passing the Old Friend's Village"
Sang Ma refers to Farming
15. The wine and meat of the Zhu family stinks, and there are bones frozen to death on the road. ——Du Fu's "Five Hundred Words from the Capital to Fengxian"
The Zhu family is the home of the powerful and wealthy family
16. The only solution to worries is Du Kang! ——Cao Cao's "Dan Ge Xing"
Du Kangdaijiu 4. Two ancient poetry sentences using metonymy
Metonymy
1. Definition: in conversation or In writing, giving up the commonly used original name or sentence and finding another name or sentence to replace it is called metonymy.
2. Methods:
(1) Replace things with their characteristics or signs
For example: if you don’t starve to death if you don’t have trousers, you will miss your body if you have more Confucian crowns. .
(Du Fu presented a poem to Wei Zuocheng)
Dandy trousers are the hallmark of wealthy children, while Confucian crowns are the hallmark of literati and scholars.
(2) Replace things with their location or belonging
For example: Every time I write, the whole of Taipei falls asleep, and Li He wakes up from the Tang Dynasty. (Yu Guangzhong's postscript to Xiaoyaoyou)
Taipei is where Taipei people are, so let's take advantage of it.
(3) Replace things with their author or place of origin
For example: "How can only Du Kang relieve worries?" (Cao Cao's short song line)
According to legend, Du Kang He was a man who was good at making wine, so he substituted "Dukang" for wine.
(4) Replace things with their data or tools
For example: "No mess of silk and bamboo, no labor of documents." (Liu Yuxi's humble chamber inscription)
Silk bamboo is originally the name of the musical instrument, but also the name of music.
(5) Parts and wholes are complementary.
For example: "Thousands of sails are not the same, but the slanting light and the flowing water are long." (Wen Tingyun looks at the south of the Yangtze River)
The sail is an object on the ship, and the sail is the entire ship.
(6) Specific and ordinary phases
A. A good doctor is made by breaking his arm three times. (Thirteenth year of the Spring and Autumn Period)
With three generations and more
B. For those who belong to the king, the elders, the young, the superior and the inferior all live in Xue Juzhou. Who can do anything wrong to the king? In the king's place, the elders, the young, the superior and the inferior are all not Xue Juzhou. Who can the king be good to? (Exit Mencius Teng Wen Gong)
Let Xue Juzhou represent the philanthropic scholar
(7) Concrete and abstract replace each other
A. Being brave and strong, righteousness is not as good as justice . (Historical Records of Xiang Yu)
Strong armor and sharp weapons.
B. There is a way in the world, a small virtue will serve a great virtue, and a small virtuous will serve a great virtuous. (Mencius Li Lou Shang)
Small virtues, great virtues, small virtues and great virtues all refer to people.
(8) Causes and results are in succession
For example: The emperor of Han Dynasty paid great attention to beauty and wanted to overwhelm the country, and he could not get the emperor for many years. (Bai Juyi's Song of Everlasting Regret)
To bring beauty to the country 5. Look for poems that use metonymy
Li Bai's poem "Listen to the Flute in Luocheng on a Spring Night" uses metonymy and pun. The rhetorical device, "Zheliu" in the poem, is the homesickness caused by hearing the flute sound of "Zheliu": "The sound of someone's jade flute is flying darkly, spreading into the spring breeze all over Luo City. In this night song, I heard the sound of Zheliu" "Willow, who can't afford the love of hometown." The previous comment on this poem in "Net Master's Garden Poetry Notes" is: "The word 'Zheliu' is the key to the whole poem." "Zheliu" originally means "Zheliu". Take willow branches.” According to legend, there is a bridge named Baqiao in the east of Chang'an, where Han people would break willows to say farewell or farewell to guests. In Li's poem, "I hear the willows breaking in this nocturne" is the provincial title of a song called "The Willows Breaking". This song is often used to express farewell and long-distance feelings. This poem describes: When people were quiet in the spring evening, the poet suddenly heard a melodious flute sound, and listened to it. The flute sound was the song of "Breaking Willows". The author can't help but be moved by the scene and stir up thoughts. It is the season of breaking willows. Spring has arrived, but he is drifting away, which makes him feel homesick.
The theme of "Preface to the Cry of Orioles" is mourning. However, the author not only did not indicate it in the title, but also omitted even some key details about the life and experiences of the deceased concubine. Mainly relies on suggestion techniques to express. This is obviously different from the expression techniques of the several mourning poems mentioned earlier. Also recalling or describing the deceased, Pan Yue? quot;The son returns to Qiongquan, and the heavy soil will forever separate him. "Su Shi is" "Ten years of life and death are boundless,... a lonely tomb thousands of miles away, with no place to express desolation." "He Zhushi" "Everything will go wrong if we go through the Chang Gate again. How can we come together and return differently?" "("Partridge Sky")
Li Yu's "Asking you how much sorrow you can have is just like a river of spring water flowing eastward" ("Yu Meiren"); He Zhu's "Asking how much sorrow you can have" ? Yichuan tobacco, the city is full of wind and rain, and plums are yellow and rainy. "("The Sapphire Case"); Li Qingzhao's "I'm afraid that the grasshopper boat in Shuangxi will not be able to carry it, and there will be many sorrows. "Wulingchun" are all famous words and phrases describing melancholy, and they all use the form of visual thinking to write the melancholy vividly and deeply shock the readers' hearts. Li Yu, the later master of the Southern Tang Dynasty, wrote Dongliu's poem The spring water of a river is a metaphor for the turbulent and prosperous emotions of his own mind after the fall of the country, and vividly expresses the misery of his life as a prisoner; while He Zhu uses the three images of "a river of tobacco, the wind in the city, and the yellow plums in the rain" to represent the overwhelming and waving emotions of melancholy. Li Qingzhao used the delicate writing style unique to female poets to express the depth of sadness after the collapse of the country and the unbearable pressure he felt.