Tang Dynasty: Xu Hun
The long night was filled with the silent voices of a couple and a couple; The wind blows like a west wind.
Residual fireflies appointed Yulu, an early goose in the Milky Way.
Tall trees don't seem to have withered at dawn, and the distance between the sun and the distant mountains is quite clear.
On this Huaihe River, I can feel the storm of Dongting Lake through a fallen leaf.
Huainan people are already very sad when a leaf falls.
I am looking forward to the white clouds.
Old faith is thirsty and poor.
Kennan and gardener, where is my teacher?
Jibeiyan is still far away, and Huainan people are already sad.
When the remaining peaches fell into the well, new chrysanthemums invaded the fence.
It's the book sword that is wrong, and the harp is self-sustaining.
The stormy night in Xizhai is more about writing poor poems.
"translation"
It's cool at night,
The green leaves ask the west wind.
The remaining fireflies inhabit the dew-crystal flowers and plants,
In early autumn, geese skim the starry sky.
Tall trees in the morning light
It is still full of branches and leaves,
Overlapping distant mountains under clear skies.
Very clear.
When branches fall and yellow leaves fall,
I think Dongting Lake must be spectacular.
"Notes"
Remote night: a long night.
Pan: superficial appearance.
Green: cool.
Trilogy: Green Grass Land.
Commission: Also called "thank you", which means commitment and trust.
Jade dew: crystal dew.
Smoke waves, fog.
Chí: step, also refers to the step surface.
Time is wasted, time is wasted.
Han Qing: In other words, Tianhan refers to the Milky Way. Metaphor officer Gao Jue xian.
Tiaodian: Also called Tiaodian, which means sublime.
Xiang Ru: It's Sima Xiangru, a famous poet in the Han Dynasty. When I was a teenager, I liked reading and learning swordsmanship, but I was not taken seriously because Jingdi was not good at Ci and Fu. Later, he became a guest of Liang Xiaowang. After Liang Xiaowang died, he returned to his hometown. After Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he summoned Xiang Ru, appointed him Lang, went to the southwest, and finally died at home. "I am thirsty" According to "Historical Records and Biography of Sima Xiangru", "I am always thirsty when I eat and write books."
Muncie: Dong Fangshuo, the word Muncie. When Liang Wudi was waiting for the imperial edict at the Golden Horse Gate, he was the official doctor. Be close to strange words and make fun of Emperor Wu.
Gong Sheng: Zhu Daosheng, a monk in Liang Dynasty, was a disciple of Master Roche. Legend has it that people don't believe the Nieberlin Sutra in Huqiu Temple in Suzhou. After accepting stones as disciples and preaching the truth, stones nod. Legend: "Give birth to the public, and the stubborn stone nods."
Gardener: Zhuangzi. He used to be a painter.
Thistle: an ancient place name. It is named after Jishan Mountain in the northwest of the city. The former site is in the southwest of Beijing today.
Creation background
In the case of repeated setbacks and hopeless career, the author wrote these three poems to show the author's confusion and confusion about the future, wanting to retire as a minister and not willing to die by the river.
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one
The first six sentences of the first "Early Autumn" are all about the scenery in early autumn. The first sentence was written from Autumn Night. In the long autumn night, there is a cold breath. The west wind rises from the green grass.
These two poems, from feeling vision, from static to dynamic, are natural and contain feelings in the landscape. On the surface, it seems that the poet only described his feelings objectively, but if it is related to the sentence meaning of "a beautiful autumn night is far away, and his heart is full of regret and sadness" in Song Yu's Nine Arguments on Songs of the South, it is not difficult to understand the role of the poet's subjective consciousness.
This is just as Croce said in Aesthetics: "Art puts an interest in an image, and interest cannot be independent of the image or image." In three or four sentences, the author chooses the residual fireflies to inhabit the crystal dew, and the geese flying early brush the Milky Way. These two typical scenes move quietly, leaning down and up, suddenly far and near, setting each other off, naturally pushing the time from night to dawn. As time goes by and dawn comes, the scenery you see becomes clearer. Five or six sentences are written about tall trees, more dense, and distant mountains, because the autumn is crisp and the weather is sunny, more vivid and more like. The above six poems are not only arranged in chronological order, but also the selected scenery has a typical search at a specific time in early autumn, which makes us seem to see a series of cartoons in early autumn. The bleak scenery in the poem reveals the poet's helpless loneliness.
The last two sentences are the crowning touch of this poem. The falling of a leaf from Huainan evokes the author's understanding of life experience and makes him sad that he will die by the foggy river. It is often said that the "critical" fallen leaves can not only herald the arrival of autumn, but also cause the author's feeling that his life experience is declining, he can't help himself and his career is hopeless. The author thought from the fallen leaves that he would die by the river all his life. As a brilliant intellectual, his grief is self-evident. At this point, we can easily see that the description of the sad scenery in front is actually paving the way for the final emotional expression. In addition, the last sentence of this poem also reserved performance space for the second poem, which played a connecting role.
Secondly,
In the second poem, the first sentence directly expresses the author's sadness, and the word "sadness" lays the emotional tone of the whole poem. But where does the sadness come from?
Three or four sentences explain: with the passage of time, the official career is slim, the senior officials have no hope of becoming immortals, but retirement is out of reach. It can be seen that a feeling of disappointment and even despair about the future has been bothering the author. This kind of emotion appeared in the works of feudal literati, which should be said to be relatively common. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Wang Can once expressed the feeling that "those who are afraid of melons hang up and those who are afraid of wells don't eat" in his Ode to the Building. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai wrote in the poem "It's hard to walk": "It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk! There are many roads, is it safe now? " In feudal society, intellectuals often suffered unexpected setbacks and blows in politics, which made them feel uncertain about their future, difficult for the world and pessimistic about the future.
This emotion is naturally reflected in poetry. Five or six sentences led the ancients to their own situation. In their later years, they realized the hardships of Sima Xiangru, a great poet in the Han Dynasty, who was poor and ill, and realized the hardships of Dong Fangshuo when he was poor. From his own experience, the author thinks of the frustrations of ancient famous figures Sima Xiangru and Dong Fangshuo, but compared with this, what is his own misfortune? This reflects the reality that intellectuals in feudal society were excluded and attacked from another aspect. At the end of the poem, the ancients thought about their own future and ended in a rhetorical tone. Although Gong Sheng can make a stubborn stone nod, Zhuang Zhou can abandon the secular and pursue leisurely travel, but which one is his role model?
This is the situation that the author has been frustrated repeatedly and his career is hopeless. He showed confusion and confusion about the way of collecting rain, and wanted to retire, but he was not willing to die by the river. This contradiction between objective reality and subjective desire is the reason why the author is "sad".
third
The third song, the first two sentences, is led by the word "sadness". Although the geese from the north to the south are far away from here, the author of Huainan is already very sad. There seems to be some contradiction and disharmony between the scenery here, which makes people feel that the author's "sadness" seems unreasonable. But after reading the following, we will understand that although the geese are still far away, the footsteps of autumn are still unceremoniously approaching.
Three or four sentences of landscape description, the remaining peaches occasionally fall into the well, and the newly opened chrysanthemums in autumn have gradually approached the fence. Here, the author writes the environment very ethereal and quiet by moving silently, which just sets off the author's loneliness and helplessness.
The arrival of autumn marks the end of another year, but I am still hopeless in my career. What caused me to end up like this? Is it because of the delay in learning and practicing the sword, as Meng Haoran said in his poem "From Luo Guo": "After thirty years, nothing can be achieved with the sword"? After much deliberation, it is difficult to have a satisfactory answer. Finally, I had to take piano as my pleasure and wine as my pleasure for the time being, and wrote a poem about poverty on a stormy night of western learning. It shows a broad-minded attitude similar to "a gentleman can spend his whole life, but he can master the knowledge of life" (Preface to Wang Teng-ting in Wang Bo), thus ending the whole article.