What an urgent problem! ! ! On the Four Poets in Yuan Dynasty

In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, the society gradually stabilized and the ethnic contradictions eased. Under this historical background, poetry creation is very prosperous, and a large number of poets have appeared. The dominant poetic concept in the poetic world is advocating "elegance and integrity". The so-called "elegance" has two connotations: first, the poetic style is gentle and sincere, and second, the theme is mainly singing and plain. The concept of "elegance and integrity" was recognized by many poets at that time, and some later generations regarded it as a symbol of the prosperity of poetry in the mid-Yuan Dynasty. In fact, the influence of this concept on poetry creation is mainly negative. It is under the domination of pursuing elegance that the poetry of this period dispels the function of criticizing society and politics, and also weakens the lyric function of expressing true feelings. The most popular themes in poetry are praising virtue, whitewashing peace, giving answers, singing and reciting calligraphy and painting. Only a few poets can occasionally break through this trend. The so-called "four masters of Yuan poetry" is the product of this trend. "Four Great Poets of Yuan Dynasty" refers to Yu Ji, Yang Zai, Fan Yi and Gillis. They were all cabinet officials at that time and were famous for writing imperial books and plaques of dignitaries. Their poems typically reflected the popular literary concepts and fashions at that time, so they were praised by people at that time. In fact, their creative achievements are not high, not only can not be compared with the previous generation of poets, but also not necessarily the best poets in Yuan Dynasty. The poems of these four poets are similar in theme and content, as well as in art. Hu Yingli, an Amin poet, commented on the characteristics of poetry style in this period: "They are all vigorous and beautiful, with a moderate pace. However, the style sound is the same for everyone, probably because there are more modes and fewer innovative rules. It is impossible to draw algae by the Song Dynasty. " (Biography of Poems, Volume 6) The Right Path shows the artistic essence of the "four great masters". Of course, the artistic styles of the "Four Masters" are different, and each of them has some characteristics, which is where they surpassed other poets at that time. Yu Ji is the best poet among the four outstanding poets in Yuan Dynasty. He is good at metrical poetry, whether it is five or seven, with strict metrical rules, profound impartiality in official business, muddy artistic conception and deep style. For example, the seven laws "Prime Minister Wan Wenshan": Jin Ge was pulled down by his disciples, but Nan Guan was helpless to be blown by the north wind; The ovary originally belonged to Qiu Han, and ZhuGeNing knew that Han Zuo had moved away. Clouds are dark, Dinghu dragon goes far away, and the moon crane returns late; You don't need to see the new pavilion, it's not as good as when you cry! This is a rare masterpiece in Yuan poetry. The poet dissolved the deep historical emotion into the rigorous art form, which was gloomy, vigorous and touching. Although Yusuke's official career is relatively smooth, he still hopes to return to his hometown in Jiangnan. His poem "The Wind Into the Pine" has the famous sentence "Apricot blossoms and spring rain in the south of the Yangtze River", and this artistic conception often appears in his poems. Yang Zai's poetic style is vigorous and powerful, which is mainly reflected in his seven-character poems, while his poems are good at harmony and grace. Fan Ya is best at singing, and her poetic style is bold, bold and fluent. He specializes in studying Du Fu's Five Laws, which is rather gloomy and concentrated in Du Fu's poems. For example, Homecoming under Beijing: the yellow thistle falls in autumn and flutters in the distance. Sound the drums if you don't sleep, and return to the boat if you are sick. The rain has not been dizzy, and the stars have reached the beginning. Every township meets Xu Ruzi, and there are ten thousand people in Bonan. Jaggers' poems are good at elegance and gracefulness, and some of his works are unpretentious and have special sustenance. For example, "Autumn Goose": "Cold warms the south of the Yangtze River, and hunger fills the south. Jiangnan should not be evil, and Jiangnan must be good. " This poem is a rare satire in the mid-Yuan Dynasty, which alludes to the behavior of Mongolian rulers who plundered the wealth of southerners while discriminating against them. In this issue, poets such as Huang Cheng, Liu Guan and Ouyang Xuan are also well-known, but their achievements are not as good as those of the "Four Great Poets of Yuan Dynasty".