What is the reason for the prosperity of Tang poetry?

Generally speaking, there were political, economic and cultural reasons for the prosperity of literature in the past: the prosperity of poetry in the Tang Dynasty depended on a prosperous social economy and a stable political environment. The imperial examination system of selecting scholars by poetry contributed to the poetic atmosphere of feudal literati. Based on the ideal of making contributions, poets in the Tang Dynasty critically inherited China's traditional poems, and constantly brought forth the old and brought forth the new, which formed the internal reasons for the prosperity of Tang poetry. The developed economy in Tang Dynasty laid a solid material foundation for the prosperity of Tang poetry. Historically, China in the Tang Dynasty was a big country in China, and the Tang Dynasty was the peak of the development of feudal society. Such a prosperous economy provides the necessary conditions for art and other things. The loose political policy implemented in the Tang Dynasty also played a very important role in the prosperity of poetry. A series of policies and measures implemented by the rulers, such as the coexistence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, expanding the scope of speech and selecting scholars by poetry, are another social reason for the prosperity of Tang poetry. The Tang Dynasty attached great importance to poetry, and so did the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Pay more attention to the fact that poets seldom make literary works sensational. The relatively poor historical accumulation laid a good foundation for the rule of Tang poetry. Before the Tang Dynasty, although there were poems of the Book of Songs, Chu Ci and Chen Gongliang's style, there were no peaks to look up to. You can draw with white paper as you like, with no scruples. In this way, people in later generations, like Mount Tai, have a sense of unity in sight. Mr. Lu Xun once said that there was no poem after "Tang", and this is what he meant. Reasons for the prosperity of Tang poetry (1) Social factors from the early Tang Dynasty to the Anshi Rebellion, the country was strong and the economy was rich. Hundreds of officials in the imperial court sang poems and talked about the joy of mutual assistance. With the reunification of the country and the unimpeded traffic between the north and the south, scholars have the opportunity to appreciate the great mountains and rivers of the motherland and inspire poetry. Praise and singing of poetry has become a temporary trend. As for the disaster of the buffer region after the Anshi Rebellion, the decline of the Tang Dynasty was followed by foreign invasion, so that most poets left the troubled times, providing them with rich living materials and stimulating literary creation. This depressed feeling can be expressed through poetry, which promotes the Xing 'an of Tang poetry. (2) Political factors/monarchs advocated that several powerful emperors in the Tang Dynasty not only loved music but also advocated it. Gaozong and Wuhou often wrote new words for Yuefu. Xuanzong, the wind was stronger. He is a poet, musician and actor. His love for arty literature and art has a certain stimulating effect on the development of literature and art. In addition, in the Tang Dynasty, poetry became a shortcut for literati to obtain official positions and official careers, which played an important role in strengthening the training of poetry skills and popularizing poetry. (3) The evolution of poetic style/the development of literature itself, from the Book of Songs in the pre-Qin Dynasty, Chu Ci and Yuefu folk songs in the Han Dynasty, to the creation of 19 ancient poems in Jian 'an, Zhengshi and Jin Dynasties, and then to the proposal and application of the theory of temperament in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, has accumulated rich creative experience for Tang poetry. Seven-character ancient poems and quatrains, a new poetic style, began to form a formal rhythm in the Six Dynasties. The social life in the Tang Dynasty became more and more complicated, and the poet's thoughts and feelings were rich. The new content of poetry creation needs new forms. Poets in the Tang Dynasty only used new forms to express their thoughts, which made these new-style poems mature in form, rhythm and rhetoric. (4) The activity of ideology and culture/the influence of other arts on the development of poetry. Music, sculpture, dance and painting in the Tang Dynasty absorbed foreign influences on the basis of China tradition, which had a positive influence and inspiration on the content and style of poetry. For example, Wang Wei's landscape poetry is called "painting in poetry", which is obviously influenced by landscape painting. As for Li Qi, Cen Can and Du Fu's music and dance paintings, we can see the spirit of the times that writers are brave enough to accept new things. (5) Improving the application value of poetry The application value of poetry in Tang society has been improved unprecedentedly, such as inviting dignitaries and celebrities to use it and sending people to use poetry. There are excellent works from emperors, nobles, scribes, bureaucrats to Taoist priests and geisha, which is related to the improvement of the application value of poetry. An overview of the development of Tang poetry "Tang poetry is Huaying" preface says: "On the world, there must be early, prosperous, middle and late Tang poetry. Divide the Tang poetry into four periods: early Tang, prosperous Tang, middle Tang and late Tang, which is roughly in line with the general situation of the development of Tang poetry: (1) In the early Tang Dynasty, the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties was still dominant, full of court works of praise and rhetoric. At that time, Shangguan Yi's poems characterized by "strangeness and charm" were admired and imitated by everyone, and were called "official style". Yang Jiong, Lu and Luo, four outstanding poets who rose successively in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, began to break through the barriers of court literature and reverse the ups and downs of poetic style. Formally, although incomplete, he likes to use flowery rhetoric, but he has laid the foundation of the Five Laws and developed the Seven-character Songs. Shen Quanqi and the early Song Dynasty created a large number of works called "Shen Song" at that time, but after being relegated, their poetic style changed, focusing on expressing their true feelings. He made an important contribution to the finalization of metrical poems. Chen Ziang was the first writer in the Tang Dynasty who advocated the reform of poetry and opposed Qi Liang's "Yan Sheng" poetic style with "Han Wei Style". His poems are mainly based on the theme of the five dynasties in ancient times, and he has created many articles that reflect reality and touch on current politics, thus overthrowing the dominant position of formalism in poetry circles since the Six Dynasties. (2) The development of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. During the years of Kaiyuan and Tianbao in Tang Dynasty, the Tang poetry with unprecedented economic prosperity and national strength also reached its peak. In addition, four outstanding poets who experienced the early Tang Dynasty, such as Shen Quanqi, Song Wei and so on, pushed their poetry creation to a mature stage, and their works were rich in content and style. There are mainly Wang Wei and Meng Haoran's landscape poetry school Cen Can, Gao Shi's frontier poetry school Li Bai's romantic school and Du Fu's social realism school. Meng Haoran and Wang Wei are representatives of the school of pastoral poetry. Most of the poets of this school are influenced by Buddhism and hermit thought, and seek a quiet and leisurely spiritual life after not seeking official positions or being frustrated in officialdom. In art, Tao Yuanming's poems are combined with Xie Lingyun's poems, pursuing the style of both form and spirit, the combination of meaning and expression, and the blend of scene and tranquility. Cen Can and Gao Shi are representatives of frontier poetry school, while Wang Changling and Li Qi have also made outstanding achievements. The work depicts the magnificent frontier scenery of the motherland, expresses the heroic pride of making contributions beyond the Great Wall, sympathizes with the sufferings of conscripts, and exposes and condemns the militaristic tactics of the ruler and the eternal sorrow in his heart. The poetic style is bold and bold, characterized by romanticism. The seven-character song is changeable and magnificent; The seven-character method has a vivid image and a lofty artistic conception. Li Bai is a representative of romantic poets. The main content of his poems is to praise the ranger for seeking immortality, to praise the magnificent nature, and to show the rebellious spirit of resisting the strong. The greatest feature of his works is that he has created vivid artistic images and incomparably diverse styles. He used bold and unpredictable techniques and lines to write his impressions and emotions. Li Bai can boldly use folk language to accommodate the style of folk songs, and rarely engrave into the recent nature. The theme of Du Fu's poems is mostly political rise and fall, social unrest, hunger and cold, and war corvee, which reflects the situation of Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and is called "the history of poetry". Du Fu's thought is characterized by absorbing the spirit of "a long way to go" of Confucianism, having the thought of "worrying about the country and the people", and paying attention to society and people's livelihood all the time with his own worries and his own heart. Du Fu inherited the tradition of The Book of Songs and Han Yuefu, and created new Yuefu poems and masterpieces, describing the sufferings of people's livelihood and getting rid of the habit of literati always using the old Yuefu topic. His modern poems emphasize the antithesis of rhythm and rhythm, and the poetic language is vigorous and powerful, paying attention to the accuracy and strength of the words used in each sentence. Modern poetry has matured in Du Fu's hands. (3) Overview of the development of middle Tang poetry This is the period when Tang poetry is declining and reviving. The main characteristics of literature in this period are the decline of romanticism and the further development of realism. Bai Juyi's school of new Yuefu poetry, represented by Zhang Ji, Wang Jian, Yuan Zhen and Li Shen, inherited Du Fu's fine tradition of "writing for famous artists", created a large number of new Yuefu poems that reflected the sufferings of the people and attacked various drawbacks, and launched the new Yuefu movement. Han and Mongolian poets, represented by Han Yu and Meng Jiao, deliberately sought novelty in art and formed a unique style. It developed Du Fu's technique of "writing as poetry", absorbed the fantastic ideas and magnificent colors of Li Bai's poems, and expressed his strange words, which were profound and powerful and "quite proud".