He especially praised the Huayan Sutra, which said: If you have this sutra, you will be lucky to live like today, and if you are poor and rich, you must recite it and realize it. I swear to do my best to be Buddha everywhere in this life. Fu is willing that all Buddhists are fond of their words and often hear about them, and he will prove the same with the blessings all his life (Volume 17 of Collected Works of Houshan Jushi). It means this life is new! That's enough! This is also the reason why he can maintain noble morality and has no sympathy for poverty.
Chen Shidao is not only fascinated by Buddhist scriptures, but also deeply involved in Confucian and Taoist classics. In the relationship between the three religions, he advocated that "Taoism is interlinked" and "Taoism is one", and the difference is not in Taoism, but in the world and difference.
He said: Avenue is one of the three divisions today, and the battles between the three schools are different. Teaching is different when the world is different, and teaching is different when it is different. If you do your own thing well, you can do your own thing well, and research can be studied. Its phase is also solid and appropriate, the way of the three saints is the same, and its transmission and non-transmission are also true ("The Temple on the Side Wall", ibid., volume 15)!
Chen Shidao explained that the ways of the three religions are the same, and it is only because of the later changes in the world and people's different views that they criticize each other, thus making the difference between transmission and non-transmission.
In the article "White Crane View", he also pointed out that "husband and wife interpret family precepts in parallel, and the world has ups and downs, and the world thinks about advantages and disadvantages. Some people say that teaching has advantages and disadvantages, and neither is true. Husband and wife are separated, and the difference is because of vulgarity. With its desire for the world system, the likes and dislikes of the world are its habits ... "further illustrates the above point of view. Ishishima also listed the lineages of the three religions in detail, arguing that only "self-interpretation and benevolence" existed from the beginning to the present. The above theory about the relationship between the three religions is novel and profound, which deserves attention in the history of the relationship between the three religions.
The compatibility of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is the basic feature of the culture in the Song Dynasty, and most of the cultural structures of the literati in the Song Dynasty have this feature, and Chen Shidao is no exception. They are all based on Confucianism and full of Taoism and Buddhism. Before becoming an official, he regarded himself as a layman, and had a similar cultural and psychological background: he taught Chu Shi by Taoism, regarded himself as a free personality, and was familiar with Buddhism.
Chen Shidao is sickly, and he hopes to relieve physical and mental pain and prolong his life by chanting, abstinence and fasting. He once went to the Buddhist temple with his wife, claiming to be a disciple, vowing to buy scriptures and fasting and chanting for a long time.
Later generations' evaluation of Chen Shidao's imitation of Du Fu's syntax is more remarkable than Huang Tingjian's. He wants to be "common words" and "no words and no place", but it seems that his capital is not as rich as Huang Tingjian's, his knowledge is not as diverse as his, and he is often exhausted. He once said that his poems were like "mending the east and mending the west to make a belt", and he said: "mending new poems to make a reward", which may be an honest confession. Therefore, although he despises the authors who steal a few words in Du Fu's poems, his works are very suspicious. His feelings and thoughts are more profound than Huang Tingjian's, but unfortunately he is reluctant to express himself and often doesn't like to spit. Perhaps his theory of saving words in order to "simplify words and be conducive to work" hurt him. If reading Valley Collection is like listening to strangers speak their dialects, listening to them talk endlessly, but they don't know much about it, then reading Houshan Collection is like listening to someone who stutters or is a little uncomfortable, watching him full of words and worrying about him. As long as Chen Shidao doesn't just cram ancient idioms into the East and the West, or oversimplify them, he can write very simple poems. Qian Zhongshu's Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty Chen Shidao was born in an official family. His grandfather, Chen Yue, was an official of the Third Salt and Iron Division and gave it to the assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. Qi Chen, his father, was sentenced to Jiangzhou by doctor Guan Luoguo. By the time I arrived in Chen Shidao, my family had declined. "My First Lady's Behavior" said, "My first husband used his family's clothes to help his younger brothers live a poor life. He wanted to die. Madam, don't get tired of her husband. The first gentleman died of poverty, and his family couldn't live. His wife brought a large family to support his family. People think he is worried and his wife is safe, not tired of his son. When he is old, the family will benefit from poverty. "
Married Guo almost's daughter at an early age. Forced by livelihood, his wife and daughter are eating at his father-in-law's house. /kloc-When he was 0/6 years old, he studied under Ceng Gong. At that time, the imperial court used Wang Anshi's Confucian classics and righteousness to take scholars, but Chen Shidao disagreed and refused to take the exam. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng (108 1), Ceng Gong was ordered to compile the history of this dynasty, and recommended Chen Shidao as his subordinate, but failed because of the arrangement. Dr. Tai Xue is recording and recommending the teacher's learning style, so he refuses. At that time, Zhang Dun, the ruling minister, asked Qin Guan to pay tribute and asked Chen Shidao to meet him and prepare to recommend him, but he replied: "If you don't send a letter as a minister, you won't see the princes." ("and less"), refused to see.
Literary Achievements Chen Shidao's literary achievements mainly lie in his poetry creation. He himself said, "At the beginning of poetry, there is no poetic method." Later, when I saw Huang Tingjian's poems, I couldn't put them down. I burned my past poems together and learned from Huang. The two men pushed each other. Jiangxi Poetry School displays Huang Tingjian, Huang Tingjian and Huang Tingjian as "three schools". In fact, Chen Shidao only studied Huang Tingjian's poetic style for a period of time, and later found that Huang Tingjian was "too strange, not as strange as DUZH" (Poems on the Back Hill), so he devoted himself to learning from Du Fu. Huang Tingjian also expressed admiration for his achievements in studying Du Fu. He once said to Wang Yun that Chen Shidao "knew the key of the ancients in his composition, and Lao Du's syntax in his poems, but today's poets can't count" (Wang Yun's Collection of the Mountain after the Topic). Fang Hui's Ying Sui has the saying of "one ancestor and three schools", that is, Du Fu is the ancestor, and the three schools are Huang Tingjian, Chen. Fang Hui also said: "Lao Du's poems are the highest in Tang poetry, while Huang and Chen's poems are the highest in Song poetry." ,
Generally speaking, due to the influence of Huang Tingjian, Chen Shidao's poems should be "passive without words", but his knowledge is not as good as Huang Tingjian's, and he needs to "tear down the east and make up the west" (the second rhyme Su Gong's Migratory Fish in the West Lake), which inevitably makes him tired. On the other hand, learning from Du Fu is only devoted to formal meter, so although it can be similar in form, it often lacks the deep spirit of Du Fu. He succeeded in learning from Du Fu's five-character and seven-character poems, such as "whatever happens at the end of the year, the guests in front of the lamp are not empty." In the troubled half life, there is nothing in the dream. Short worry is white, bad face is red with wine. I sing and dance, and I am slightly the same. "("Except at night, give a little chapter to wine ")" When it rains, there is no monk in the old house. I want to go out and laugh, but I don't want to go back to my temple to chase the dust. The wind turns over three cobwebs, and the thunder bee occupies two official positions. Many spring appointments with southern neighbors have failed, and they have not blossomed so far. "(Spring Show Neighborhood). The former can show his efforts in following the syntax of Du Fu's poems, while the latter is similar to the constitution of Du Fu's poems. His description of the Five Classics is very hard, and he asked himself to create words and meanings, but his frankness still did not break away from the habits of Jiangxi School. He also has some poems with simple feelings, such as "I am so happy that I can't speak, and my tears are all gone." "(Xiu San Zi);" What's the use of fame Don't worry. "("Send my uncle Dr. Guo to Xichuan to be punished "). The latter poem "Encourage My Uncle" was appraised by Fang Hui as "a realistic person who learns from Lao Du, withered and thin, with deep feelings." ("the marrow of the law"). Some of his poems are plain and tasteful, such as "books are easy to read and finish, and guests can't come." "(quatrains); There are also romantic and colorful ones, such as: "the spring breeze always closes the lane, which mistakenly gives the brothel its name." "I don't hesitate to take a look at the shutter. I'm afraid your eyes are not clear." (Song Xing), but this is rare. According to legend, he works very hard in poetry. He usually travels, and as soon as he has poetic ideas, he rushes back to his quilt and lies down, and poetry becomes a success. Sometimes * * * is tired for a day and hates to hear people's voices, so Huang Tingjian calls it "behind closed doors to find a Chen without me" (Jingjiang Pavilion is a disease). This serious creative attitude is worthy of recognition, but his poems are not deep enough and sometimes difficult.
Chen Shidao is quite confident in his own words, claiming that "the rest of the prose failed to reach people, claiming that he would not reduce the Qin Dynasty's seven yellow nine." After the old words in the book. However, few of his existing works are wonderful and cannot match his own evaluation. His prose is relatively successful, and Ji Yun rated it as "concise and rigorous, but not under Li Ao and Sun Qiao" (Catalogue of Siku Quanshu).
Anecdote: The teacher said that Chen Shidao was poor and embarrassed in his daily life. In "The Book with Lu Zhi", Chen Shidao told his friend Huang Tingjian about the hardships of his life after he lost his official position: "He was dismissed from office for six years, penniless, hard and difficult. It's ridiculous to worry about gullies sooner or later ... For a person with spleen disease, it's very bitter for the wind to recover now, sometimes intercropping and sometimes doing it. If you don't starve to death or freeze to death, you will die. " Houshan's poems about poverty vividly reproduce the embarrassing situation in his daily life: it is better to catch my breath than to have a sore throat. Life is now seventy and a half years old, and I can't bear to eat enough. The princes have this matter when they are young, and the handmaiden always knows the night. For a long time, the descendants of bran kernel have lived in a community without heirlooms. Yesterday's nine dates can be seen in all directions at a glance. The night rain is deep in late autumn and the wind is afraid of it. Respect is empty, and flowers are yellow to me. Officials and slaves wear blue silk, and the broken house flies frost. The dense rain keeps blowing, and the poor often close the door. The capacity of the East Pole is limited, but the West Pole can survive better. Tie up wet cooking and hang axes, turn over the bed and mend the broken wall. There is no place to fall, and my hands are not warm. The teacher was even too poor to support his family, so he had to let his wife take three children to find his father-in-law. Poems such as Farewell to Uncle Guo, Farewell to Uncle Guo, Dong 'e, Farewell to Uncle Guo's Sentence, Farewell to the Third Son and Show the Third Son describe the pain of being "poor and arrogant" with their loved ones, such as Farewell to the Third Son: the husband and wife died in the same cave, and the father and son were poor and arrogant. This is the best thing in the world. After the mother's first three sons, they are familiar with it and are not allowed to chase. I am so heartless and afraid of you. There is a woman who sends a bunch at the beginning, which shows her sadness. I refused to get up for fear that I would quit. Older children learn languages, but they can't overcome clothes. Call me. I want to go, but I can't think of it. When a child was a baby, his ambition was maternal love. I can still hear you crying, I know. Chen Shidao's poems and documents are so easy to read that guests can't come when they have time. Things in the world are often so beautiful, powerless and willing to do good. How many times can you laugh after a hundred years of life? -Song Chen Shidao quatrains, books should be read happily and easily.
I was very happy to read a good book, but unfortunately I finished it. I am very happy to have a cordial conversation with my intimate friends, but my friends can't come often.
Things in the world are often so beautiful, powerless and willing to do good. How many times can you laugh after a hundred years of life? Sigh, when the philosophy of life, the third son has returned from the family, that is, he has forgotten each other far away and can't bear to be close. The child is already in his eyes, and his eyebrows are slightly unconscious. I was so happy that I couldn't speak and my tears ran out. Knowing that it was not a dream, I suddenly became unstable. -Song Chen Shidao's "Xiu Sanzi" Xiu Sanzi.
Song Dynasty: Chen Shidao
When the third son came back from home.
Three hundred ancient poems, homesick for Qiu Guang. Autumn comes from the curtain. The dew leaves turn over the wind and the magpie falls into dark green and forest red. Micro-wires break the corridor and smokers become fragrant. Put out the candle but prolong the bright moon. Take the clothes first. -Song Chen Shidao's "Qingpingle Qiu Guang Candle Land" Qingpingle Qiu Guang Candle Land
Qiu Guang, the land of candles. Autumn comes from the curtain. The dew leaves turn over the wind and the magpie falls into dark green and forest red.
Micro-wires break the corridor and smokers become fragrant. Put out the candle but prolong the bright moon. Take the clothes first. Graceful, writing autumn scenery and reading Chen Shidao's poems >>