(191 ~ 1985)
Mathematician, academician of China Academy of Sciences. Born in Jintan, Jiangsu Province on November 12, 191, died in Tokyo, Japan on June 12, 1985.
I graduated from junior high school in Jintan Middle School in 1924 and studied hard by myself. After 193, he taught in Tsinghua University. In 1936, he visited and studied at Cambridge University in England. After returning to China in 1938, he became a professor at Southwest United University. In 1946, he went to the United States and served as a researcher at Princeton Institute of Mathematics, a professor at Princeton University and the University of Illinois, and returned to China in 195. He has served as Professor Tsinghua University, director and honorary director of Institute of Mathematics and Institute of Applied Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, chairman and honorary chairman of Chinese Mathematical Society, director of National Mathematical Competition Committee, foreign academician of American National Academy of Sciences, academician of Third World Academy of Sciences, academician of Bavarian Academy of Sciences of the Federal Republic of Germany, deputy director, vice president and presidium member of Department of Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry of China Academy of Sciences, director and vice president of Mathematics Department of China University of Science and Technology, vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, and member of the State Council Academic Degree Committee. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the First to Sixth National People's Congress and vice chairman of the Sixth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He has been awarded honorary doctorates from Nancy University in France, Chinese University of Hong Kong and University of Illinois in the United States. He is mainly engaged in the research and teaching of analytic number theory, matrix geometry, typical groups, automorphic function theory, multiple complex variable function theory, partial differential equations, high-dimensional numerical integration and other fields and has made outstanding achievements. In the 194s, the historical problem of the estimation of Gaussian complete triangular sum was solved, and the best error order estimation was obtained (this result is widely used in number theory). The results of G.H. Hardy and J.E. Littlewood on the Waring problem and E. Wright on the Tarry problem have been greatly improved, and they are still the best records.
In algebra, the basic theorem of one-dimensional projective geometry left over from history is proved. This paper gives a simple and direct proof of the result that the normal daughter of a body must be contained in its center, which is called the Jiatang-Bourgeois-Hua theorem. His monograph "On Prime Number of Heap Base" systematically summarizes, develops and improves Hardy's and Littlewood's circle method, vinogradov's triangle sum estimation method and his own method. Its main results still occupy the leading position in the world after being published for more than 4 years, and it has been translated into Russian, Hungarian, Japanese, German and English, and has become one of the classic works of number theory in the 2th century. His monograph "Harmonic Analysis on Typical Fields of Multiple Complex Variables" gives the complete orthogonal system of typical fields with precise analysis and matrix skills, combined with group representation theory, thus giving the expressions of Cauchy and Poisson kernel. This work has extensive and in-depth influence on harmonic analysis, complex analysis and differential equations, and won the first prize of China Natural Science Award. Advocating the development of applied mathematics and computer, he has published many books such as "Overall Planning Methods" and "Optimization Studies" and popularized them in China. In cooperation with Professor Wang Yuan, he has made important achievements in the application research of modern number theory methods, which is called "Hua-Wang method". He has made important contributions to the development of mathematics education and the popularization of science. He has published more than 2 research papers and dozens of monographs and popular science works.
Hua Luogeng
Gu Mainan
1. Teaching purpose: to understand the characteristics and writing methods of biographies; Learn about Hua Luogeng and his life, and learn from Hua Luogeng's perseverance of hard work and self-study and his patriotic spirit of devoting himself to the scientific cause and serving the people.
second, teaching focus: Hua Luogeng's life experience and spirit, and the characteristics of biographical style.
third, teaching method: guiding method; Discussion
Fourth, class schedule: second class (45 minutes)
Fifth, teaching process:
first class
1.
Hua Luogeng (191-1985), a modern mathematician in China, is the founder of new China's mathematical research and one of China's most influential mathematicians in the world.
He only has a junior high school diploma, but he finally went to the Tsinghua University forum by self-study. He was disabled, but said, "I want to replace my broken legs with a sound mind!" " During the Anti-Japanese War, in a small attic like a cowshed on the outskirts of Kunming, he wrote the classic book "On the Prime Number of Stacking Bases". For the first time, he made mathematics move from books to production practice, and was praised by the masses as "the people's mathematician".
after hearing so much about Mr. Hua Luogeng, I wonder if you have a certain understanding of Mr. Hua Luogeng, and are you interested in further understanding of Mr. Hua Luogeng?
2. words.
Hua: huā has the same surname as "Hua" huà, Huashan huá Zhonghua.
extension: make líng fox rush, let ren ying ying, Wei wai's little baby
title page fēi is clumsy, zhuō ē sǒu xiǎo Xi is lame, què pity mǐn
famous fēi Jin ou ē u eagle ē zhān praise bāo riverside pà n.
Gu Mainan, a female reporter of Xinhua News Agency, is a science journalist and a popular science writer. In 22, The Famous Works of Popular Science in China included Gu Mainan and her works.
4. Text analysis and explanation.
Subtitle 1 (1-6) Before and after dropping out of school, I was obsessed with mathematics.
(7-1) After being disabled, I decided to devote myself to mathematics.
(1-5) Tsinghua studied number theory for four years; After two years in Britain, I got the subtitle II (6-9) of Fahrenheit Theorem. After several years in The National SouthWest Associated University, I finished the theory of heaped prime numbers (1-12) and visited the United States for four years, expanding the research scope.
(1-6) I devoted myself to China's mathematical research. < P > Subtitle III (7-1) I devoted myself to China.
structurally, it is flashback. Extended review narrative order, including direct narration, flashback, interpolation, supplementary narration, and parallel narration.
Function: Writing Hua Luogeng in content challenges authority and arouses readers' interest.
In material selection, Hua Luogeng's self-taught mark was chosen, which was a turning point in his life. Similarly, readers are also interested in the plot development before and after this incident.
Supplementary introduction:
Xiong Qinglai, a teacher of Hua Luogeng, is a pioneer of modern mathematics in China. From 1893 to 1969, Zi Dizhi was born in Yunnan. I have studied in Belgium and France, and received my doctorate in France. He made great achievements in the research of function theory, and defined an "infinite order function", which was adopted internationally and called Xiong's infinite number. Mr. Xiong Qinglai loves education very much and is quite enthusiastic about training scientific talents in China. In his early years, when he was a professor at Southeast University, he found that a student named Guang Liu was quite talented, and he often instructed him in reading and research. Later, he and another professor who had taught Guang Liu helped him to study abroad for further study, and even sold his clothes to send him money. Later, this Guang Liu became a famous physicist. Later, Mr. Xiong Qinglai came to Tsinghua University as the head of the department of mathematics, read
Hua Luogeng's name in academic magazines, and after learning about Hua Luogeng's self-study experience and mathematical talent, he resolutely broke the routine and invited Hua Luogeng, who was only 19 years old with junior high school education, to Tsinghua University. In his seventies, when he was paraplegic, he took an illness to instruct two graduate students, Yang Le and Zhang Guanghou, who later became very successful young mathematicians.
Tang Peijing, a fellow countryman of Hua Luogeng and a native of Jintan, Jiangsu Province, later served as a technical consultant of FAO. 193—1988。 Since childhood, his family has attached great importance to his studies and made every effort to train him to become a useful person. He studied in Southeast University and obtained a Bachelor of Science degree. Later, he went back and forth to his hometown as the principal of Jintan Middle School, and then went to Tsinghua University as a teacher. Later, he studied in University of London, England, obtained a doctorate in statistics, and was elected as a member of the Royal Statistical Society. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he resolutely returned to China to engage in education, and he was quite a patriotic scholar. In 1949, Mr. Tang Peijing went to the United States. In 1951, he was hired as a technical consultant of FAO, and later served as a regional agricultural statistics consultant in Latin America until his retirement in 1969.
(2) the first part.
It narrates the touching story of Hua Luogeng's obsession with mathematics in his youth. Even though he suffered from the misfortune of dropping out of school and physical disability, he still persevered, studied hard and finally succeeded.
the first layer: introduce the origin, life experience and family of Hua Luogeng's name.
the second layer: it introduces that Hua Luogeng fell in love with mathematics under the influence of math teacher Wang Weike.
Examples illustrate Hua Luogeng's talent in mathematics, in order to further explain why he is so smart and diligent.
poem 1: it expresses the idea of hard work, and thinks that genius is hard earned, and diligence can make up for the deficiency of innate intelligence. Explain why Hua Luogeng succeeded.
Supplementary introduction:
Wang Weike, Hua Luogeng was his grade director when he was in the second grade of junior high school. He is well-read, well-versed in Chinese and Western studies, and his research scope covers many fields, such as foreign poetry, ancient China poetry, mathematics and so on. He was the first person to discover that Hua Luogeng had a talent for mathematics. Under his influence, Hua Luogeng made outstanding achievements in mathematics. Moreover, due to the influence of the network itself as a well-read person, Hua Luogeng has achieved good results in all subjects, especially in Chinese, and he can write and write poems.
The third layer: Introduce that Hua Luogeng is still obsessed with mathematics and studies hard after dropping out of school.
Several verbs in the fifth paragraph vividly and vividly show his obsession with mathematics.
the example of "Luo nerd" further illustrates the degree of his obsession.
Level 4: It is said that Hua Luogeng was unfortunately infected and left with lifelong disability.
role: setting suspense and writing about adversity can better reflect Hua Luogeng's hard work and hard work in self-study.
Level 5: Introduce Hua Luogeng's decision not to devote his life to mathematics.
echoes the preface of the article.
Summary: The article focuses on depicting the hardships of Hua Luogeng's self-study environment in his youth (dropping out of school, being busy for a living, suffering from disabilities, and studying very few books). In fact, it adopts the method of contrast. The more difficult the conditions are, the more it shows that he has made great efforts in self-study in order to achieve such great achievements. It shows Hua Luogeng's spirit of struggling in adversity and self-study hard.
the second class
(3) the third part.
This paper mainly introduces Hua Luogeng's research, achievements and great contributions in the field of mathematics from his entry into Tsinghua University in 1932 to the founding of New China.
The first layer: It introduces Hua Luogeng's four years in Tsinghua, and he has published more than a dozen papers on number theory, which is well-known internationally; After studying in Britain for two years, I studied and got the Fahrenheit Theorem.
being promoted by exception is the second turning point in his life.
Supplementary introduction:
Ye Qisun, then president of China Academy of Sciences in 1993, commented on him in this way: "He was one of the founders of modern physics in China and one of the earliest organizers of physics in China, and made outstanding contributions to the development of physics research and science education, science and education in China". 1898—1977。 Born into a scholarly family in Shanghai, he graduated from Tsinghua University in 1918, then studied in the United States, and obtained a doctorate in philosophy from Harvard University. After returning to China, he was employed by Southeast University, and later went to Tsinghua University to establish the Tsinghua University Department of Physics. Later, he became the first dean of the Tsinghua University Institute of Science and became the core leader of Tsinghua University. At the same time, he is also one of the founders of the Chinese Physical Society. Before liberation, he was the de facto leader of the scientific community in China. After the founding of New China, he was elected as a member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the China Academy of Sciences, which is today's academician. However, due to his experience before liberation, he gradually broke away from the core of China's scientific community after liberation, and was implicated and persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, and died tragically in 1977.
The second layer: Introduce Hua Luogeng's hard life in The National SouthWest Associated University for several years, write more than 2 papers, and complete the manuscript of "The Theory of Piling Prime Numbers".
Poem 2: It shows full indignation at the invasion of our country and the bullying of the enemy, and shows a strong patriotic spirit.
The difficult living environment in Kunming shows that his achievements are not easy, his hard work and his patriotism.
the third layer: write about Hua Luogeng's invitation to travel to the Soviet Union and the praise and attention given to him by the Soviet scientific community. ;
the fourth layer: Hua Luogeng was invited to visit the United States for four years, which expanded the research scope and was praised by American mathematicians.
The speech abroad paved the way for his future return to China.
the evaluation of his research achievements from all sides shows his great research achievements, and also shows the patriotic spirit of resolutely returning to China in the future.
Summary: The article uses a large number of other people's comments on Hua Luogeng, which shows the great achievements made by Hua Luogeng. At the same time, through the description of Hua Luogeng's respect and remarkable research achievements abroad, he shows the patriotic image of a mathematician who still gave up the stable environment and bright future abroad and devoted himself to the education of the motherland at the critical moment of national crisis.
(4) the fourth part.
This paper mainly introduces the story that Hua Luogeng has made great contributions to China's mathematical research and education after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and actively studied and popularized the application of mathematical methods to industrial and agricultural production and solved practical problems.
the first floor: write about Hua Luogeng calling on overseas students and leading his family back to China.
The open letter adopts various rhetorical devices such as metonymy, borrowing, parallelism and repetition. Showing his patriotic enthusiasm and a red heart heartily.
Level 2: Introduction Hua Luogeng pays great attention to discovering and cultivating young people who are interested in science.