The missing moon hangs on the sparse tung trees, and the missing moon breaks one's initial tranquility.
Who sees lonely people coming and going alone, misty and solitary shadows.
Startled but looked back, no one can forgive him for his hatred.
Picking out all the cold branches and refusing to live on them, the lonely sandbank is cold.
Su Dongpo is an iconic figure in the history of Chinese culture. It is difficult for us to imagine the Tang Dynasty without Li Bai, and it is equally difficult to imagine the Song Dynasty without Su Shi.
Dongpo's image is fuller and more friendly than Li Bai's. We are familiar with Li Bai's poems, but we don't know where he was born, how he lived daily, and where he finally died. He Zhizhang called Li Bai "the banished immortal". This is really vivid. He is like an immortal whose movements are erratic and his body is wild. Ordinary people can only observe him from a distance but have no chance to get close to him.
Su Dongpo is different. His chronology is extremely detailed and makes people familiar with his deeds. He was a talented person, not only the leader in knowledge at that time, but also famous in poetry, calligraphy and painting. What is quite rare is that such a scholar, a great writer, and a very lively person likes to have fun. He and a group of friends would go boating under the Red Cliff with wine and fish in the middle of the night, and sing songs. evening. He especially loves food and holds the patent for Dongpo Pork. Such a vigorous person is naturally loved by the people, and there are many folk stories about him. Among them are the clever Su Xiaomei, and the Foyin monk who often quarrels with Dongpo.
But Su Shi's life was far from being as easy and happy as in folk tales. Instead, it was full of ups and downs. Due to political struggles in the court, he was demoted many times, moved around, and lived in exile. If it weren't for his cheerful and cheerful personality, it would be difficult to survive these difficult times. Even though he is free and cheerful, Su Shi is still a mortal after all, and he also has mortal emotions and worries. This poem "Divination Master - Living in Huangzhou Dinghui Temple" was written by Su Shi when he was demoted for the first time and just arrived in Huangzhou, Hubei and stayed at Dinghui Temple. of.
This demotion stemmed from the famous "Wutai Poetry Case". The era when Su Shi was active was also the period of Wang Anshi's political reform. Wang Anshi's reform was opposed by conservative officials headed by Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu. Su Shi was an important member of the conservatives. Wang Anshi's reform is a complex historical topic. We cannot simply say which side is right, the reformists or the conservatives. I won't go into detail today.
The reformists were very popular because they had the support of Emperor Song Shenzong. Because Su Shi was squeezed out by Wang Anshi, he invited himself to serve in a local government. Later, due to his transfer, he wrote a routine letter of thanks to the emperor. , but the New Party found out several faults, and further said that he harbored evil intentions and was disloyal to the emperor. They also picked out a large number of sentences from Su Shi's poems and distorted the interpretation. Later, Yushitai detained Su Shi. Because Yushitai was also called Wutai, this incident was later called the "Wutai Poetry Case", which was actually a literary prison.
The Wutai Poetry Case was very serious. Su Shi was detained for more than a hundred days and almost died in prison. Later, retired Wang Anshi spoke for him: Is it okay to kill talented people in a prosperous age? Only then did he save his life and was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian.
Huangzhou is located in today's Huanggang City, Hubei Province. During the Northern Song Dynasty, it was a remote place far away from the Central Plains. And the deputy envoy of Tuanlian is a small official with no authority. Tuanlian can be understood as the militia organization in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Tuanlianshi is the junior official in charge of the militia organization, with a rank ranging from eighth grade. In Water Margin, it was Mengzhou Zhang Tuanlian who instigated Jiang Menshen to seize Shi En's happy forest. In terms of responsibilities, there is no such official position as Tuanlian Deputy Envoy. This was a title specially set up by the Song Dynasty to accommodate demoted officials.
Su Shi arrived in Huangzhou for the first time after the disaster. This was completely different from the way he had been the magistrate of Mizhou and Xuzhou before, shouting in front of him and supporting him. Naturally, his mood was miserable and miserable, and he felt sorry for himself. If you can't sleep alone, go for a walk in the courtyard. At this time, the water leak had dried up, and in the dead of night, a waning moon hung on the sycamore branches with sparse leaves. Wait a minute, a lonely man is wandering in the courtyard late at night. Who has seen this scene? It turned out to be a lone bird in the night sky. Therefore, this poem is about looking at people from Gu Hong's perspective.
At the bottom of the palace, people are watching. The sound of chirping or flapping wings startled "Youren". When he looked back, he saw that it was a lone goose. The lone goose is a symbol of loneliness and desolation. Dongpo's desolation is even stronger, but who can know this intention? ? Look at that lone wild goose. It repeatedly flew back to the top of the tree but refused to perch, and finally landed on a lonely and cold sandbank.
"A good bird chooses a tree to roost on." It's not that I don't want to choose a tree to roost, but in fact, the new parties in the government cannot tolerate me! In the end, we can only be like this lonely goose, "lonely on the sandbank and cold".
Hong means wild goose. This image is often used in Su Shi's poems. This is a clue to understanding Dongpo's poems.
When Su Shi was in his twenties, he once wrote a poem called "He Zi Nostalgic from Mianchi":
Knowing how similar things are everywhere in life should be like a flying dragon stepping on snow and mud.
Occasionally, there are fingers and claws left on the mud, and Hongfei is counting the things.
The old monk has died and a new pagoda has been built, and there is no reason to see the old inscriptions on the broken walls.
Do you still remember the rugged past? The road was long, people were trapped and the donkeys neighed.
The first couplet is particularly exciting and is known as a model of "the antelope hangs its horns, leaving no trace behind".
Feihong left footprints on the vast snow. The footprints in the snow meant that the wild geese had come, but who knew where it would fly to afterward? This is so similar to life. You always leave your mark while running around, but there is no way of knowing where the next stop will be.
When Dongpo wrote this poem, he had just been a Jinshi for a few years. Ouyang Xiu, the examiner at that time, highly praised his examination paper and concluded that such a brilliant article could only come from his disciple Zeng Gong. In order to avoid suspicion, he gave Su Shi a second grade. After that, Su Shi became famous in the capital, and every new work he wrote would be praised by many. It was the time when the horses were dressed in bright clothes and the spring breeze was triumphant.
At this time, he wrote this kind of poem that laments the impermanence of life. It can be seen that under Su Shi's chic and optimistic appearance, he actually had a kind of compassion for heaven and earth.
"Bu Suanzi - Living in Huangzhou Dinghui Yuan" is a work written by Dongpo in his middle age. At this time, the light and agile Feihong turned into a lonely solitary one. Of course, this is related to the state of mind when he was first demoted to Huangzhou. Just two years later, Dongpo swept away the decline and wrote the eternal famous poems "Pre-Chibi Ode", "Post-Chibi Ode", and "Niannujiao-Chibi Nostalgic" in Huangzhou. Admire the festival. In addition, there is a poem that is not so well-known, but one of which is often quoted:
The east wind refuses to enter the east gate, and the horse still seeks to go to Sui Village.
People are like Qiu Hong and have letters, and things are like spring dreams without leaving a trace.
After three glasses of Jiangcheng liquor, the wild old man smiled warmly.
We have made an appointment to hold this meeting every year, so there is no need for old friends to summon their spirits.
People are like the autumn geese, there is always news when spring goes and autumn comes, and the past is like a dream in the spring afternoon, seemingly there and gone, without any trace. "There is faith in autumn, and there is no trace in spring dreams." This is very similar to the image of Hong's claws in snow and mud.
After Huangzhou, with the death of Shenzong, Su Shi was once promoted, but was demoted again, and was demoted further and further until he was exiled to Hainan Island. This was a rare punishment. When he was demoted to Hainan, Su Shi was already 62 years old. His several years in Hainan had a great impact on his health. Three years later, Song Huizong succeeded to the throne, the court granted amnesty, and announced that Su Shi would return to Beijing. When walking to Jinling, Dongpo met Master Tanxiu, his old friend when he was working in Changzhou. In the last year of his life, he wrote this poem:
Where does spring come but does not return, it is not Recovering the old traces of cattle.
I hope the teacher is really like the moon, no one can meet each other in the urn.
Qiu Hong has faith that he will always return in the spring, but my return is not like that old cow, returning to his den. I wish to be like you, Zen Master, with a clear mind and a full moon. My destination is like the perfect full moon, reflected in thousands of mountains and rivers.
"I wonder if Lingnan is good? But I said, this is my hometown." Although I have been wandering all my life and passed away in other places, Dongpo, like the ethereal solitary red, has its own poetic residence.