Observation is the embryonic form of modern prose. In the form of proverbs, aphorisms or diaries, people, events, natural phenomena, books, works of art, personal experiences, customs, ways of thinking and so on are simply observed and commented. Or ... Take a certain thought or emotion as the main line and connect a related whole in series.
It is mainly informative and one of the casual styles, which expresses the writer's personality charm, and the writer expresses his feelings, wisdom and spirit with his own specific experience.
Although Bacon and Addison can also be classified as personal prose, their prose is obviously different from Lamb and Khazri in spirit, purpose and style. Bacon is basically a continuation of "intelligent" works-aphoristic advice on life behavior. Addison's Journal Essays (he co-sponsored Gossip and Observer and personally wrote more than 300 essays for these two newspapers) have no deep traces of personality, so it is often difficult for readers to understand the authors of many of his works at a glance. However, reading Lamb is like chatting with an old friend. He wrote many essays for London magazine under the pseudonym of Ilya, and then published a collection of Ilya's essays. In the article, he said that he was Ilya, and his sister Mary was his cousin Bridget, but a discerning person knew that this was the author's own simple and ordinary life and profound emotional experience.
The affinity of personality prose didn't completely start from Lamb, but we found it in some 17th century writers, such as William? Sir William Temple and Samuel? Its basic features can already be found in pepys's works. For example, pepys's Diary, though not written for readers, is a shapeless everyday object, but it has fully embodied the spirit of individual prose.
18th century newspapers and magazines, through Miss Mary, Watley? Montague, Lord chesterfield, Horace? Walpole and other personalized letters carry forward the spirit of personalized prose and make special contributions to the spread and prosperity of prose.
/kloc-The appearance of Lamb, Khazri and Stevenson in the 20th century pushed the development of personal prose to a climax. This development is influenced by many factors, such as the arrival of the era of individualism, for example, the popularity of magazines needs longer and more personalized articles, for example, the resurgence of interest in Montaigne, and the emergence of prose masters like Lamb and Khazri, which provide an object for everyone to emulate. Lamb is a popular essayist in Britain, although his prose is too personalized in style and way to imitate. A whole century after Montaigne, Kazri, like Montaigne, became the copy object of personalized prose and became the model and inspiration for many followers and imitators.
Personality characteristics are short passages describing a certain personality type.
As early as the 4th century BC, Theophrastus, a disciple of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, outlined 28 kinds of human virtues and explained abstract concepts such as meanness, greed, simplicity and stupidity with typical types. 1592, a scholar translated these "personality characteristics" from Greek into Latin, which was familiar to people at that time, and gradually became the object of imitation of17th century British "personality characteristics". The objects described by these "personality characteristics" have no names, surnames or personalities, but only represent different qualities or types.
Later, French writers deepened and refined this concept, and characters were famous for their surnames (although there were Greek or Latin names, they implied something personal). The description of specific details in this paper makes people feel that these characters belong to a certain type, but they also have certain authenticity and personality. Les Caracteres (1688) began to spread in Britain and was translated into English in 1699.
In the18th century, British newspapers and magazines even set up clubs for such typical characters, and Personality has the space to fully display these typical characters. At first, the characters in these clubs were very conceptual. For example, Captain Terry, an officer who participated in The Spectator (a newspaper published by Steele and Addison in171712), and Andre, a businessman? Sir Harry Potter, squire Roger? Land? Sir Cowley, everyone has a certain personality, manners and unique speech style. But not for long, Roger. Land? Sir Coventry soon surpassed his reserve and became one of the most lovely figures in the literary world. In addition to prose, novels, plays and some poems also continue the movement of personality feature. /kloc-the literature in the 0/8th century focuses on the description of the types of characters, many of which have become artistic creations in English because of their vivid images, such as Uncle Toby (/kloc-the characters in the novel The Story of Xiang Di by L Stern, an English novelist in the 0/8th century) and Parsons? Adams (Parson Adams, H. Fielding's novel Joseph? Andrews) and Dr. Primrose (characters in Goldsmith's novel The Pastor of wakefield).
Descriptive prose refers to the writer's wonderful and personalized description of the external world. It is often not only a simple description of scenery, but also incorporates the author's personal feelings, integrating scenery and things. For example, Addison's Walking in Westminster Abbey and Alice? July in Mignel.
Formal style seems to contradict the form of prose, because the basic feature of prose lies in its randomness and freedom.
However, the difference is only in degree, not in category. More formal prose is not another form of work, but compared with personalized prose, it is less subjective, less casual and more pure explanation and explanation. His critical examination of life is not only his personal reaction to life. Critical prose shows this style through close reading of literature, biography and historical prose through fair evaluation of people and things, scientific prose through presentation of scientific observation results, and philosophical and speculative prose through insight into the world and presentation of ideological crystallization.
An essayist with a more formal writing style may evaluate his favorite poet. He usually speaks as a cautious critic rather than an enthusiastic fan. Woolf said that the Ordinary Reader, which he received a large number of such articles, was "an unprofessional review work; Just from the perspective of a writer, not from the perspective of a scholar or critic, I will talk about some biographies and works I accidentally read. As a novelist, I am naturally interested in a certain book, but I often read and write for my own amusement and don't want to establish any theoretical system. " As early as the spectator and the rambler (rambler, Samuel? In a magazine edited by Johnson from 65438 to 0750-52, more complex critical and philosophical papers began to appear. 19th century comments have fully developed this style. This is an era when people begin to question religious beliefs, John? Henry. John henry newman and Matthew? Matthew arnold's theological works all express this point; This is a period of scientific development, Thomas? Henry. Thomas Henry Huxley's prose makes science full of literary talent; This is a period of literary turmoil and personality development. Romanticism opposes orthodoxy and advocates new literary evaluation criteria. This is an era full of social and economic changes. With the development of government, education, social system and ethics, people are eager for the emergence of new theories and ideas. Formal prose is like a duck to water, speaking freely and expressing itself. After all, it is no longer limited to the exchange of personal feelings, but begins to pay attention to the elaboration and debate of major issues, such as Matthew? Arnold's The Spirit of the British Nation, Thomas? Henry. Huxley's enlightenment education.
Want to know the "modern" characteristics of literature? You can certainly find its explanation in many writers' literary essays.
Modern prose, like Bacon's era, pays attention to people, their extended behavior and introspection, whether it is random personalization in style or formal interpretation.