Representing country/literature
■Italy
The birthplace of humanistic literature. The poets Dante, Petrarch, and short story writer Boccaccio are representatives of early humanistic literature in Italy and Europe. They paved the way for the development of modern European literature.
Representative writer
Petrarch
The pioneer of Italian humanist literature
The lyric poem "Songbook" includes 366 fourteen lines Poems and short lyric poems. It praises the poet's love for Laura and expresses the author's view of happiness in pursuing secular life. (The ancestor of love poetry)
Boccaccio
The most important Italian humanist writer
The short story collection "The Decameron" uses a frame structure to combine 100 A story is woven together. Written in Florentine dialect. The first use of realism techniques widely reflects the social reality of Italy in the 14th century. The whole book runs through the humanistic ideas of anti-corruption in the Holy See, anti-asceticism, promotion of happiness in the world, and demand for national unity. "The Decameron" laid the foundation for European short story creation.
■France
The French Renaissance movement began to brew at the end of the 15th century and took shape in the 16th century. Humanistic literature represented by the Seven Stars Poetic Society and Rabelais emerged. Seven Star Poetic Society - aristocratic tendency; Rabelais - democratic tendency; prose story - "Seven Days Talk"
Representative writer
Rabelais
The most important humanist novelist in France
The novel "The Biography of Giants" creates the image of two giants, the king of the giant country and his son, and praises the indomitable giants and human beings who have emerged from the shackles of religion. strength. The revelation on the bottle of God "Please drink freely, drink freely, drink freely, drink freely, drink freely, drink freely the love, drink freely the truth", which entrusts the author's humanistic ideal. Irony and exaggeration are used in art.
Longcha
The first lyric poet in modern France - the love poem "Sonnets to Ellena" Seven Stars Poetry Society, the first literary group in the history of French literature, It consists of 7 poets. Its purpose is to study and learn from ancient Greek and Roman literature and innovate French poetry. The Poetry Society's ideas on establishing a unified national language and advocating poetry reform contributed to French literary innovation. The poetry society's manifesto is "Defend and Promote the French Language." The central character is the poet Longzad.
Montaigne
A French essayist in the late 16th century - "Impressions", France's first collection of modern essays
■Spain
< p> From the late 16th century to the early 17th century, capitalism in Spain and Britain developed rapidly, producing a number of outstanding humanist writers such as Vega, Cervantes, Spencer, Marlowe, and Shakespeare. Poems, novels, dramas, and prose flourished in an all-round way, and European Renaissance literature reached its peak.Representative Writer
Anonymous
The earliest outstanding picaresque novel in Spain
"The Little Leper" picaresque novel in the middle of the 16th century in the Middle Ages A new type of novel produced under the influence of the citizen literature tradition. Generally speaking, the first person is used to describe what the wandering protagonist sees and hears in an autobiographical form. This type of novel often has a plot model of "origin-education-wandering" and a structural model of "freight train", reflecting the broad social life through the wanderings of the protagonist. It has begun to take shape as a modern novel, and has had a profound and positive impact on the development of modern European novels, especially the character description and structural methods of full-length novels.
Cervantes
1547-1616. A great Spanish writer during the Renaissance and a pioneer of modern European realist novels
The historical tragedy "Numancia" - based on the historical facts of the Spanish people's struggle against the Roman invaders, eulogized the indomitable and patriotic people who had the courage to sacrifice. spirit of doctrine.
"Collection of Stories of Punishing Evil and Promoting Good" - self-proclaimed as "Transformation of Society", it is a collection of short stories that uses realism to describe the life of all classes in Spanish feudal society. It can be divided into two categories: Italian novel type and Spanish picaresque novel type.
"Don Quixote" - is one of the most important novels in Europe during the Renaissance. It has a significant influence on the development of modern European novels; while it denies chivalry, it advocates A new spirit - humanism
"Exhortation Novels" - a collection of short stories
The representative work "Yangquan Village" - describes the collective resistance of the villagers of Yangquan Village, and the king's final helplessness The story of the pardon of the young farmer and the girl Laurentia. Vega advocated that drama creation should be "like nature". Cervantes called him a "miracle of nature."
Vega
Spain's "Father of National Drama".
■Britain
British humanist literature is the peak of European humanist literature.
Representative Writer
Chaucer
The father of British poetry - "The Canterbury Tales" framed stories, containing 24 stories. It vividly outlines a colorful folk custom picture of British society at that time.
Thomas More
The fantasy novel "Utopia", an important British humanist writer from the Tudor Dynasty, describes an ideal society through the mouth of a sailor who returned to England.
Spenser
Inventing a unique stanza - the Spenserian stanza - The Faerie Queene marks the high point of non-dramatic literature in Renaissance England.
Marlowe
The most important figure in pre-Shakespeare drama and the true founder of English Renaissance drama. ——"Tamerlane", "The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus", "The Jews of Malta" Literary genius. Murdered at 29.
Ben Jonson
The important playwright of Shakespeare's contemporaries - "Different Characters", "Vourponnet" and "The Alchemist" The main achievement is comedy, and his comedies It is mainly based on his temperament theory. He believed that different temperaments produce different personalities, mentality and behaviors, and discussed this in detail in his first play "Different Personalities".