Terminology of China's Ancient Literary Theory
***2 meanings
Terminology of China's ancient literary criticism. Refers to the author's spiritual temperament embodied in the article. However, its specific content has different changes and emphases in each development stage of literary theory.
Chinese name
The vitality of an article
school term
Terminology of China's Ancient Literary Theory
The Origin of the Concept of Literary Spirit
brief introduction
The concept of "literary spirit" comes from the concept of "qi" in ancient philosophy. In the concept of pre-Qin philosophy, "Qi" refers to an abstract thing that constitutes life, produces vitality and embodies spirit, and is invisible and ubiquitous. The ancients believed that before the creation of heaven and earth, the world was chaotic and vital, so everything in heaven and earth came from chaos and was composed of vitality. Man is the soul of all things and is composed of the essence of his vitality. The essence of the Book of Changes and the essence of Wen Zi's Ten Commandments are derived from the same creative philosophy. Everything has "qi" and gains vitality. A person with a "fine" body not only gains life, but also has a "spirit", that is, spirit. Therefore, "Wen Zi Ten Shouts" also said: "The husband is in shape, and the house of life is also; Angry people are born with yuan; Heaven, the system of life is also. " It is believed that human life lies in the body, constitutes vitality and is subject to the spirit. Confucianism is used to explain the difference between ghosts and gods after death: "Angry people are also prosperous; Those who are full of spirit, ghosts flourish "("Sacrifice "), thinking that human life is composed of vitality, so there is a god after death, and the spirit is a ghost.
the Spring and Autumn Period
During the Spring and Autumn Period, most scholars attached importance to the social function of "Qi", and believed that the spirit embodied in essence played a role and dominated behavior through human mind. "Guanzi Industry" (Guo Moruo's Textual Research on the Legacy of Song Dynasty thinks this article is the legacy of the Song and Yin philosophers) says: "Being centered on China, with smart eyes and ears and strong limbs, it can be a refined house. The elite is also the elite. " Therefore, people's morality should be clean, and they should "respect their families and seek more happiness for themselves"; To make the country politically peaceful, it is necessary to "have a right mind and do everything well." Therefore, the essence is hidden as the source; I fear peace and think it is deep. " For an individual, "the gas field is in the heart. Once it is gone, there is nothing inside and nothing outside." It is very important to maintain this invisible and ubiquitous inner spirit. Confucianism explains the ethical function of music and also emphasizes "Qi". It believes that poetry, song and dance are "rooted in the heart, and then musical instruments follow, so they are affectionate and civilized, full of vitality and become spiritual" (Book of Rites). Because music, like poetry, songs and dances, is also dominated by the heart, and the heart is the essence of the house and is embodied as God. Therefore, the clarity of poetic language depends on profound rationality; The spirit is influenced by abundant vitality and full of vitality. This is an early exposition of Confucianism's application of philosophical concepts to literary and artistic creation theory.
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