Grass, which can be seen everywhere in nature, entered China's classical poems very early.
As early as the Book of Songs, grass appeared in nearly ten places. Of course, grass is mainly used to cheer up at this time. For example, "there are creeping weeds in the wild" and "what grass is not yellow". In Songs of the South, grass appears more frequently. From the beginning of Qu Yuan's works, the tradition of "beauty and vanilla are metaphors of loyalty and righteousness" has been formed. This tradition is
The history of China's poetry has far-reaching influence. For example, "What grass was it before, and now it is Xiao Ai?" (Qu Yuan's "Lisao", "Vanilla is a gentleman, and famous flowers are evergreen" (Wang Wei celebrated the Spring Festival with the medicine garden outside the garden) Qu Yuan used vanilla as a metaphor for a virtuous gentleman, while Xiao Abby was a rebellious and degenerate talent. The metaphor in Wang Wei's poems is more obvious and needs no explanation. Another example is Meng Haoran's poem "How fragrant the roadside flowers may be, I regret running counter to the ancients" ("Leaving Wang Wei") and Wen Tianxiang's poem "It was a dream, and the country was so old? They all use grass to describe their pursuit of ideals: Meng Haoran hopes to retire after success and Wen Tianxiang hopes to save the country.
There is a saying in "The Songs of Chu Recruit Hermits" that "Wang Sun swims without returning, and the spring grass grows endlessly". Since then, the grass has become the object of parting feelings and thoughts. In Jiang Yan's Biefu, there is such a description: "Spring grass is green, spring water is green, and wounded soldiers are in Nanpu!" This artistic conception often appears in ancient poems. For example: "Spring grass is greener in autumn, and the child has not died." (Xie Tiao's "Appreciating King Jin 'an") "The grass turns green again in spring, but what about you, my friend Prince? ？” (Wang Wei's "Farewell") Every spring, the poet always looks at the grass to reproduce the new green, as if it is back, so he often takes the grass as the support of lyric. Another example is: "When I meet an old friend once, the spring grass still grows from the old place" (Gu Kuang's Farewell), "Spring water is evergreen, and I miss you intermittently" (Yao Yuehua's Poem of Sorrow). Green grass is reborn, friends are hard to see, and poets are inevitably heartbroken. Therefore, in classical poetry, it is often seen that "fragrant grass" is associated with "heartbroken grass", such as "Spring Garden is silent, heartbroken grass is green" (Wei Zhuang's Golden Gate) and "The flower curtain in the courtyard is not rolled up, heartbroken grass is far away" (Zhu's Golden Gate). There are also some poems that rely on grass to express their feelings, but they don't focus on the rebirth of spring grass like returning, that is, the return of grass is related to the return of people, but has a new foothold. For example, in the Han Yuefu, "The grass is on the banks of the Qingjiang River, and the Philip Burkart Road is continuous", Ye Li's poem "Leave love everywhere in the grass" ("Send Yan Twenty-six to Yongxian County"), and Li Yu's famous sentence "Leave love like spring grass, go further and live endlessly" ("Qingpingle").
It is also lyrical by borrowing grass, but it is always colorful in the works of different poets. Poets often use empathy, that is, externalizing subjective feelings to objective things. For example, "When an old friend disappears, autumn grass mourns the south" (Gu Kuang's Farewell to Li Biejia), and "There are ancient trees like flowers on the top, and spring grass is sad on the bottom" (Li Bai's Farewell to Fuling). In fact, people will be sad, but the poet said that grass is sad, grass is sad, which is clever and subtle, which makes people memorable. There is also a very successful metonymy in the poem to express affection for others, such as "recalling the green silk clothes and pity the grass everywhere" (Niu Xiji's "Giving birth to children"). The color of the green silk skirt is the same as that of the grass, so the poet "loves me, loves my dog". Because he thought of the color of his wife's silk clothes, he loved the grass all over the world. At first, Luo skirt was used to refer to lover, then the color of Luo skirt was used to refer to lover, and then the grass with the same color as Luo skirt was used to refer to lover. Niu Xiji's ci has experienced such an artistic process. In fact, this idea has already appeared in Han Yuefu: "The green robe is like grass, and the grass is long and comfortable." It is based on the color of grass and robes.
Grass is often used to express sad feelings, probably because autumn grass and weeds easily touch people's sentimental feelings. For example, "leaning against the building is silent and charming, and the sky is faint and even the grass is fragrant" (Kou Zhun's Walking on the Sand), "The moon is high and white, and the grass is cold and dew, singing" (Lu You's Autumn Xing). Grass plays a very important role in rendering the sad atmosphere, so it is almost an indispensable image in elegies and ancient poems. The former is like "the weeds are boundless, the poplars are rustling" (Tao Yuanming's elegy), "the spring grass is boundless, and the prince's grandson once visited here" (Liu Changqing's Passing the Tomb of the Floating Mother), while the latter is like "Kings are common, and the grass is old. Jude with skirt color, green to Chu people "(Liu Changqing" Cao Qing Palace Nostalgia ")," I asked about the past, only to see that the river did not return. At sunset, the east wind and spring grass are green, and the partridge flies to Yuewangtai. " As for Du Fu's and Cui Hao's famous sayings, "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing and leaves are happy" ("Book of Letters") and "Every tree in Hanyang has clear water, and a nest of herbs in Parrot Island" ("Yellow Crane Tower"), people are more familiar with it.
Grass is also often used to express the helpless sigh of short life. There is already a poem in "Four Seats" that "fragrant grass can't grow for a long time, and weeds can't be left in leisure". Metaphor laity to pursue floating name. Although they won praise for a while, they will eventually return to nothingness. Xu Gan's "Thinking in the Room" also said: "My life is like spring grass", and the style is also very low. Li He's Thirteen Poems of South Garden is different, saying, "Flowers and plants are in full bloom in the eyes, and small white flowers grow red in the cheeks. Poor sunset fragrance falls, marriage and spring breeze don't need media. " Although it is also full of flowers and plants, it shows the idea of cherishing youth and actively using the world. As for Bai Juyi's famous sentence: "Wildfire never goes out, spring breeze blows high", it shows a vigorous vitality, a positive and optimistic spirit, and sweeps away sentimental emotions.
As the support of the poet's subjective feelings, the grass image shows rich and complex connotations. "But how much love there is in an inch of grass, it will win three spring rays" is a metaphor that it is difficult for children to repay their mother's love with an inch of grass. "Grass colors people's hearts and leisure, fame and fortune blend together" is a metaphor for the hearts and indifferent and peaceful feelings of idle people with green grass colors; "How about the happiness of reading? The grass is green in front of the window "describes the happiness of reading as endless spring grass in front of the window;" "The grass does not thank it for its glory in the spring breeze, and the wood does not blame it for its autumn fall" is to reveal the laws of nature through the rise and fall of vegetation. It can be seen that the rich connotation of grass has been fully exerted in ancient poetry. Under the brilliant light of the rich imagination of ancient poets, the image of grass is more colorful and full of vitality.