Part One Preface
Modern society requires citizens to have good humanistic and scientific literacy, innovative spirit, cooperative awareness and open vision, and skills including reading comprehension and expression and communication. Basic abilities in various aspects, as well as the ability to use modern technology to collect and process information. Chinese education should and can play an important role in creating a new generation of people needed by a modern society. In the face of the needs of social development, systematic reforms should be carried out in terms of evaluation purposes and methods.
The reform of the Chinese curriculum for nine-year compulsory education should be guided by Marxist and scientific educational theories, sum up the gains and losses of Chinese education in my country, learn from the experience of mother tongue education reform in other countries, and follow the laws of Chinese education. , strive to build Chinese courses that are compatible with the development of modern society, and play their due role in cultivating students' ideological and moral qualities, scientific and cultural qualities, etc.
1. Nature and status of the course
Chinese is the most important communication tool and an important part of human culture. The unity of instrumentality and humanism is the basic feature of Chinese courses.
Chinese courses should be dedicated to the formation and development of students’ Chinese literacy. Chinese literacy is the basis for students to learn other courses well, and it is also the basis for students' comprehensive development and lifelong development. The multiple functions and foundational role of Chinese courses determine its important position in the nine-year compulsory education stage.
2. Basic concepts of the curriculum
(1) Comprehensively improve students’ Chinese literacy.
The Chinese courses in the nine-year compulsory education stage must be open to all students so that students can acquire basic Chinese literacy. Chinese courses should cultivate students' thoughts and feelings about loving the motherland's language, guide students to correctly understand and use the motherland's language, enrich their accumulation of language, cultivate their sense of language, and develop their thinking, so that they have literacy, reading, and writing abilities that meet actual needs. , Oral communication skills. Chinese courses should also focus on improving students' moral cultivation and aesthetic taste, so that they can gradually form good personalities and sound personalities, and promote the harmonious development of morality, intelligence, body and beauty.
〔2) Correctly grasp the characteristics of Chinese education.
The rich humanistic connotation of Chinese courses has a profound impact on people’s spiritual fields, and students’ responses to Chinese materials are often diverse. Therefore, we should attach great importance to the edifying and contagious role of Chinese, pay attention to the value orientation of teaching content, and at the same time respect students' unique experiences in the learning process.
Chinese is a very practical course and should focus on cultivating students’ Chinese practical ability. The main way to cultivate this ability should also be Chinese practice. It is not appropriate to deliberately pursue the system and completeness of Chinese knowledge. Chinese language is a mother-tongue education course, and learning resources and practical opportunities are everywhere and all the time. Therefore, students should be allowed to have more direct contact with Chinese materials and master the rules of using Chinese in a large amount of Chinese practice.
Chinese courses should also consider the impact of the characteristics of Chinese language and characters on literacy, reading, writing, oral communication and students' thinking development. In teaching, special attention should be paid to cultivating a good sense of language and overall grasp. ability.
(3) Actively advocate independent, cooperative, and inquiry-based learning methods.
Students are the main subjects of learning and development. Chinese courses must be based on students’ physical and mental development and Chinese learning characteristics, pay attention to students’ individual differences and different learning needs, care for students’ curiosity and thirst for knowledge, fully stimulate students’ initiative and enterprising spirit, and advocate independence, cooperation, and inquiry. learning style. The determination of teaching content, the selection of teaching methods, and the selection of evaluation methods should all contribute to the formation of this learning style.
Comprehensive Chinese language learning is helpful for students to comprehensively improve their Chinese literacy in independent activities of interest; it is an important way to cultivate students' active inquiry, unity and cooperation, and courage to innovate, and should be actively promoted.
(4) Strive to build an open and dynamic Chinese curriculum.
Chinese courses should be rooted in reality, oriented to the world, and oriented to the future. The fields of Chinese language learning and application should be broadened, and emphasis should be placed on interdisciplinary learning and the use of modern scientific and technological means, so that students can broaden their horizons through the intersection, penetration and integration of different contents and methods, improve learning efficiency, and initially acquire what is needed in modern society. Chinese language practice ability.
Chinese courses should be open and innovative, and should be able to meet the needs of different regions, schools, and students as much as possible, and be able to continuously adjust and update themselves according to the needs of society. We should pay close attention to the informatization process of contemporary society and promote the reform and development of language courses.
3. Design ideas for curriculum standards
1. The course objectives are designed consistently over nine years. The curriculum standards are under the "overall goals" and are divided into "stage goals" according to the four school stages: grades 1 to 2, grades 3 to 4, grades 5 to 6, and grades 7 to 9, reflecting the integrity and integrity of the Chinese curriculum. Stages.
2． Course objectives are designed based on three dimensions: knowledge and abilities, processes and methods, emotional attitudes and values. The three aspects penetrate each other and integrate into one, focusing on the overall improvement of Chinese literacy. Each year period is interconnected and spirals upward, ultimately achieving the overall goal.
3． The stage goals set out requirements from four aspects: "literacy and writing", "reading" and "writing" ("Writing" for grades 1 to 2 of primary school, "practice" and "oral communication" for grades 3 to 6. The curriculum standards also The requirement of "comprehensive learning" is put forward to strengthen the connection between Chinese courses and other courses and life, and promote the overall advancement and coordinated development of students' listening, speaking, reading and writing.
4. The "Implementation Suggestions" section proposes implementation principles, methods and strategies for the preparation of teaching materials, the development and utilization of curriculum resources, teaching, and evaluation, and also leaves room for creativity for specific implementation.
Part Two Course Objectives
1. General Objectives
1. In the process of Chinese learning, cultivate patriotism and socialist moral qualities, and gradually form a positive attitude towards life and correct attitudes towards life. Values, improve cultural taste and aesthetic taste.
2. Understand the richness and breadth of Chinese culture, absorb the wisdom of national culture, respect diverse cultures, and absorb the nutrients of human excellence.
3. Cultivate a love for the language of the motherland, develop self-confidence and good habits in Chinese learning, and master the most basic Chinese learning methods.
4. Develop thinking while developing language skills. ability, stimulate imagination and creative potential. Gradually develop a scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and advocating true knowledge, and initially master scientific thinking methods.
5. Be able to take the initiative to learn and use Chinese in practice.
6. Able to speak Mandarin. Able to write Chinese characters correctly and neatly.
7. ability, pay attention to emotional experience, have a rich accumulation, and develop a good sense of language. Learn to use a variety of reading methods to initially understand and appreciate literary works, be influenced by noble sentiments and tastes, develop personality, and enrich one's own spiritual world. Use reference books to read simple classical Chinese. The total amount of extracurricular reading in nine years should be more than 4 million words.
8. Be able to express your own meaning clearly and fluently according to daily life needs.
9. Have basic abilities in daily oral communication, learn to listen, express and communicate in various communication activities, and initially learn to communicate and socialize in a civilized manner, and develop a spirit of cooperation. .
10. Learn to use commonly used Chinese reference books.
Second stage objectives
First stage of learning. Grades 1 to 2)
(1) Literacy and Writing
1. Like to learn Chinese characters and have the desire to actively learn Chinese characters
2. ~1800, of which 800~1000 can write.
3. Master the basic strokes and commonly used radicals of Chinese characters; be able to write with a hard pen according to the stroke order and pay attention to the frame structure. Initial experience of the physical beauty of Chinese characters.
4. Develop correct writing posture and good writing habits, and write in a standardized, upright and neat manner.
5． Learn Chinese Pinyin. Able to accurately read initial consonants, finals, tones and overall recognition of syllables. Able to spell syllables accurately and write initial consonants, finals and syllables correctly. Recognize capital letters and memorize the "Chinese Pinyin Alphabet".
6． Able to recognize and read Chinese characters with the help of Chinese Pinyin. Can use phonetic sequence and radical checking to look up words in a dictionary and learn to read independently.
(2) Reading
1. I like reading and feel the joy of reading.
2． Learn to read texts correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
3． Learn to read silently, without making a sound or pointing.
4. Read with the help of pictures in the reading material.
5． Understand the meaning of words and sentences in the text based on the context and real life, and accumulate words in reading.
6． Read simple fairy tales, fables, and stories, yearn for beautiful situations, care about nature and life, have your own feelings and thoughts about characters and events of interest, and be willing to communicate with others.
7. Recite children's songs, nursery rhymes and simple ancient poems, expand your imagination, gain preliminary emotional experience, and feel the beauty of language.
8. Recognize common punctuation marks that appear in the text. While reading, experience the different tones expressed by periods, question marks, and exclamation points.
9. Accumulate your favorite idioms and aphorisms. Recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs). The total amount of extracurricular reading should be no less than 50,000 words.
10． Love books and care for books.
(3) Writing
1. Be interested in writing, write what you want to say, write about things in your imagination, and write down your understanding and feelings about the things around you.
2． Be willing to use words learned in reading and life in writing.
3． Learn to use commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points according to the needs of expression.
(4) Oral Communication
1. Learn to speak Mandarin and gradually develop the habit of speaking Mandarin.
2． Able to listen carefully to what others say and try to understand the main content of the speech.
3． Listen to stories, watch audio and video works, and be able to retell the main ideas and exciting plots.
4. Able to tell short stories in a relatively complete manner and briefly describe interesting experiences.
5． When talking to others, be natural, generous and polite.
6． Confidence to express yourself. Actively participate in discussions and express opinions on topics of interest.
(5) Comprehensive learning
1. Be curious about things around you, be able to ask questions about content of interest, and combine extracurricular reading and discussion together.
2． Combined with Chinese language learning, observe nature and express your observations orally or through pictures and texts.
3． Enthusiastically participate in campus and community activities. Combined with activities, express your knowledge and thoughts orally or through pictures and texts.
The second stage of schooling (grades 3 to 4)
(1) Literacy and writing
1. Have a strong interest in learning Chinese characters and develop the habit of active literacy.
2． A total of 2,500 commonly used Chinese characters have been recognized, and about 2,000 of them can be written.
3． Be able to use dictionaries and dictionaries, and have preliminary independent literacy skills.
4. Able to use a hard pen to write block letters proficiently, in a standardized, correct and neat manner. Use a brush to copy the calligraphy copybook.
(2) Reading
1. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2． Learn to read silently initially. Able to ask questions about areas in the text that are not understood.
3． Able to connect with the context, understand the meaning of words and sentences, and appreciate the role of key phrases in the text in expressing expressions. Able to understand the meaning of new words with the help of dictionaries, dictionary and life accumulation.
4. Can initially grasp the main content of the article and understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in the article.
5． Able to retell the main ideas of narrative works, initially experience the vivid images and beautiful language in the works, and communicate with others about their reading experience.
6． In the process of understanding sentences, understand the different usages of periods and commas, and understand the general usage of colons and quotation marks.
7. Learn to skim and get a rough idea of ??the article.
8. Accumulate beautiful words and wonderful sentences in the text, as well as language materials obtained in extracurricular reading and life.
9. Recite excellent poems and essays, pay attention to experiencing emotions during the reading process, and recite 50 excellent poems (paragraphs).
10． Develop the habit of reading and reading newspapers, collect and exchange books and materials with classmates. The total amount of extracurricular reading should be no less than 400,000 words.
(3) Exercises
1. Pay attention to the things around you, be willing to express yourself in writing, and enhance your confidence in writing.
2． Be able to write down what you have seen, heard, felt, and imagined in an informal way, paying attention to expressing what you find novel and interesting, or the content that impresses you the most and moves you the most.
3． I am willing to read my homework to others and share the joy of homework with others.
4. Ability to communicate in writing using short letters and notes.
5． Try to use the language materials you have accumulated in your daily exercises, especially fresh words and phrases.
6． Use colons and quotation marks according to the needs of expression.
7. Learn to correct words and sentences that have obvious errors in your exercises.
8. There are about 16 in-class exercises per academic year.
(4) Oral Communication
1. Able to converse with people in Mandarin. Ability to listen carefully during conversations, understand key points, ask the other party for advice on areas that do not understand, and discuss different opinions with others.
2． Being able to grasp the main content when listening to what others are saying, and being able to convey it briefly.
3． Able to speak clearly and clearly about what they have seen and heard, and express their feelings and thoughts.
4. Able to tell stories concretely and proactively, and strive to impress others with words.
(5) Comprehensive learning
1. Able to raise issues in study and life, collect information purposefully, and discuss together.
2． Combined with Chinese language learning, observe nature and society, and express your observations in writing and orally.
3． Able to organize interesting Chinese activities under the guidance of teachers, learn Chinese in the activities, and learn to cooperate.
4. In family life and school life, try to use Chinese knowledge and abilities to solve simple problems.
The third stage of schooling (grades 5 to 6)
(1) Literacy and writing
1. Have strong independent literacy skills. I have learned a total of 3,000 commonly used Chinese characters and can write about 2,500 of them.
2． The writing is in regular script with a hard pen, with neat lines and a certain speed.
3． Able to write regular script with a brush and appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters while writing.
(2) Reading
1. Able to read texts correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2． Silent reading has a certain speed, and silent reading of general reading materials should be no less than 300 words per minute.
3． Able to read with the help of dictionaries, understand the appropriate meaning of words in the language environment, and identify the emotional color of words.
4. Connect the context and your own accumulation to infer the connotation of the relevant words and phrases in the text and experience their expression effect.
5． During reading, try to figure out the order of expression of the article, understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and initially understand the basic expression method of the article.
In communication and discussion, dare to put forward your own opinions and make your own judgments.
6. Read explanatory articles, be able to grasp the key points, and understand the basic explanation method of the article.
7. Read narrative works, understand the outline of events, briefly describe the scenes, characters, and details that impressed you most, and express your feelings such as likes, dislikes, reverence, yearning, and sympathy. Read poetry, generally grasp the meaning of poetry, imagine the situation described in the poetry, and experience the poet's emotions. Infected and inspired by excellent works, yearn for and pursue beautiful ideals.
8. Learn to browse, expand your knowledge, and collect information as needed.
9． In the process of understanding the text, understand the different uses of pauses and commas, semicolons and periods.
10． Recite excellent poems, and pay attention to appreciate the content and emotion of the works through the tone and rhythm of the poems. Recite 60 excellent poems (paragraphs).
11. Use libraries, the Internet and other information channels to try to conduct exploratory reading. Expand your reading scope and read a total of no less than 1 million words outside of class.
(3) Exercises
1. Understand that writing is for self-expression and communication with others.
2. Develop the habit of paying attention to the things around you, consciously enrich your knowledge, cherish your unique personal feelings, and accumulate materials for practice.
3. Able to write simple documentary compositions and imaginative compositions with specific content and true feelings. Able to express the content in paragraphs according to the needs of expressing the content of the exercise.
4. Learn to write reading notes and common practical essays.
5. Able to use commonly used punctuation marks according to expression needs.
6. Revise your own work and take the initiative to exchange revisions with others to ensure that the sentences are smooth and correct, and the writing is standardized and neat.
7. There are about 16 in-class exercises per academic year. An exercise of no less than 400 words can be completed in 40 minutes.
(4) Speaking Practice
1. When communicating with others, you can respect and understand each other.
2. Be willing to participate in discussions and dare to express your opinions.
3. Listen carefully and patiently to what others say, be able to grasp key points, and paraphrase them briefly.
4. The expression should be organized and the tone and tone should be appropriate.
5. Able to make simple speeches with a little preparation according to the communication objects and occasions.
6. Pay attention to the beauty of language in communication and resist uncivilized language.
(5) Comprehensive learning
1. In order to solve problems related to study and life, use information channels such as libraries and the Internet to obtain information, and try to write simple research reports.
2. Plan simple campus activities and social activities, discuss and analyze the planned topics, and learn to write activity plans and activity summaries.
3. Organize discussions and special speeches on issues around you that everyone is concerned about, or stories and images in TV and movies, and learn to distinguish right from wrong, good and evil.
4. Understand the basic methods of finding and using information.
The fourth stage of schooling (grades 7 to 9)
(1) Literacy and writing
1. Be able to skillfully use a dictionary and dictionary to read independently, and can use a variety of word-checking methods. I know a total of 3,500 commonly used Chinese characters, and I can write about 3,000 of them.
2. On the basis of being able to write regular script characters skillfully with a hard pen, learn to write standard and popular regular script characters and improve your writing speed.
3. Copy the calligraphy of famous artists and appreciate the aesthetic value of calligraphy.
(2) Reading
1. Able to read correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin.
2. Develop the habit of silent reading, have a certain speed, and read ordinary modern texts at least 500 words per minute.
3. Be able to skillfully use skimming and browsing methods to expand the scope of reading and expand your own horizons.
4. On the basis of reading the text thoroughly, clarify ideas, understand the main content, and appreciate and elaborate on the meaning and role of important words and phrases in the language environment.
5. Have their own insights into the content and expression of the text, be able to raise their own opinions and questions, and be able to use cooperative methods to discuss difficult issues together.
6. Learn about narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyricism and other expressions during reading.
7. Be able to distinguish between realistic works and fictional works, and understand literary styles such as poetry, prose, novels, and dramas.
8. By appreciating literary works, you can have your own emotional experience, initially understand the connotation of the works, and gain useful enlightenment on nature, society, and life. Be able to make your own evaluation of the ideological and emotional tendencies of the work in relation to the cultural background; be able to express your own experience of the touching situations and images in the work; appreciate the expressive language in the work.
9． Read scientific and technological works and pay attention to understand the scientific spirit and scientific thinking methods reflected in the works.
10． Read simple argumentative texts, distinguish opinions and materials (reasons, facts, data, charts, etc.), discover the connection between opinions and materials, and make judgments through your own thinking.
11. Recite ancient poems and consciously improve your appreciation and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application.
12. Simple classical Chinese, able to understand basic contents with the help of notes and reference books. Recite 80 excellent poems.
13． Understand basic grammar knowledge to help understand language difficulties; understand commonly used rhetorical methods and experience their expression effects in texts. Understand the knowledge of important writers’ works and cultural common sense involved in the text.
14. Able to use libraries and the Internet to collect the information and materials they need.
15． Learn to formulate your own reading plan and read a wide range of reading materials of various types. The total amount of reading in class should be no less than 2.6 million words, and two or three classics should be read every school year.
(3) Writing
1. Write with different purposes and audiences in mind.
2. Writing should be sincere and strive to express your unique feelings and real experiences.
3. Observe life from multiple angles, discover the richness and variety of life, capture the characteristics of things and strive for creative expression.
4. Choose the appropriate expression based on the center of the expression. Reasonably arrange the sequence and details of the content, and express your meaning clearly and logically. Use association and imagination to enrich the content of expression.
5. Write narratives that are specific in content; write simple explanatory essays that are clear; write simple argumentative essays that are well-founded; and write daily practical essays based on daily needs.
6. Able to extract main information from the article and abbreviate it; be able to expand and continue writing based on the internal relationship of the article and one's own reasonable imagination; be able to change the style or expression of the article and rewrite it.
7. Have the awareness to complete writing independently, and pay attention to the collection of materials, conception, outline drafting, revision and processing in the writing process.
8. Develop the habit of revising your own compositions. When revising, you can use your sense of language and common sense of grammar and rhetoric to ensure that the text is correct and the words are correct. Able to exchange writing experiences with others and review each other's compositions to share feelings and communicate opinions.
9． Able to use commonly used punctuation marks correctly.
10． Compositions are generally no less than 1.4 million words per academic year, and other writing exercises are no less than 10,000 words. An exercise of no less than 500 words can be completed in 45 minutes.
(4) Oral Communication
1. Be able to pay attention to objects and situations, and learn to communicate in a civilized and appropriate manner.
2. Listen patiently and attentively, and be able to understand the other party's views and intentions based on the other party's words, expressions, gestures, etc.
3. Express your opinions confidently and responsibly, clearly, coherently, and on topic.
4. Pay attention to your expression and tone to make your speech contagious and persuasive.
5. During the communication process, you can adjust your expression content and methods as needed, and continuously improve your response capabilities.
6. Tell stories about your experiences, with specific content and vivid language. Retell and paraphrase, completely and accurately, highlighting key points.
7. Able to make impromptu speeches and prepared keynote speeches on appropriate topics, with own opinions and persuasiveness.
8. Discuss issues inside and outside the classroom, and be able to actively express your own opinions, which are centered, organized and well-founded. Able to hear the focus of discussions and express opinions in a targeted manner.
(5) Comprehensive learning
1. Able to organize literary activities independently, and experience the joy of cooperation and success in the process of running journals, performances, discussions and other activities.
2. Able to raise issues of interest in study and life, discuss them together, select research topics, formulate simple research plans, obtain relevant information from newspapers, books or other media, discuss and analyze issues, and write simple essays independently or collaboratively research report.
3. Concern about major events in the school, the region, and domestic and foreign affairs, collect information, investigate and interview, and discuss with each other on hot issues of common concern, and be able to display learning results in words, charts, pictures, photos, etc.
4. Master the basic methods of searching for information and citing information, and distinguish the main differences between original information and indirect information; learn to indicate the source of the cited information.
Part Three: Implementation Suggestions
1. Suggestions on Writing Teaching Materials
1. The compilation of teaching materials must be guided by Marxism and adhere to the orientation of modernization, the world, and the future.
2. Teaching materials should reflect the characteristics of the times and modern consciousness, pay attention to humans and nature, understand and respect diverse cultures, and help students establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life, and values.
3. Teaching materials should focus on inheriting and promoting the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, and help enhance students' national consciousness and patriotism.
4. Teaching materials should conform to students' physical and mental development characteristics, adapt to students' cognitive level, closely connect with students' world of experience and world of imagination, and help stimulate students' interest in learning and innovative spirit.
5. Text selections in textbooks should be exemplary, both beautiful in literary quality, rich in cultural connotation and flavor of the times, rich in themes, genres, and styles, moderately difficult, and suitable for students to learn.
6. Teaching materials should pay attention to guiding students to master the methods of Chinese learning. Chinese knowledge, text annotations, exercises, etc. should be small but concise, inspiring, and help students learn to learn through inquiry.
7. The arrangement of teaching material content should avoid being cumbersome, simplify the clues, highlight the key points, strengthen integration, focus on the connection between emotional attitude, knowledge and ability, and strive to improve the overall improvement of students' Chinese literacy.
8. The style and presentation of teaching materials should avoid stereotypes, encourage flexibility and diversity, pay attention to designing experiential activities and research topics for students, and attach importance to the use of modern information technology.
9． Teaching materials should be open and flexible. On the basis of rationally arranging the basic curriculum content, leave room for development and choice for local governments, schools and teachers, and also leave room for students to choose and expand to meet the learning and development needs of different students.
2. Development and utilization of course resources
1. Chinese course resources include classroom teaching resources and extracurricular learning resources, such as: textbooks, teaching flipcharts, reference books, other books, newspapers and periodicals, movies, television, radio, the Internet, lectures, lectures, debates, seminars, and drama performances. Libraries, museums, memorial halls, exhibition halls, bulletin boards, newspaper galleries, various signage advertisements, etc.
Natural scenery, cultural relics and historic sites, customs and sentiments, important domestic, foreign and local events, and daily life topics can also become resources for Chinese courses.
2. Each region contains a variety of Chinese curriculum resources such as nature, society, and humanities. We must have a strong awareness of resources, work hard to develop them, and actively utilize them.
3. Schools should actively create conditions and strive to configure corresponding equipment for Chinese teaching; they should also seek support from all aspects of society, establish stable connections with the community, create an environment for students to practice Chinese, and carry out various forms of Chinese learning activities.
4. Chinese teachers should attach great importance to the development and utilization of curriculum resources, creatively carry out various activities, enhance students' awareness of learning and using Chinese in various situations, and improve students' Chinese abilities in many aspects.
3. Teaching Suggestions
(1) Give full play to the initiative and creativity of both teachers and students in teaching.
Chinese teaching should be carried out in the process of equal dialogue between teachers and students.
Students are the masters of Chinese learning. Chinese teaching should stimulate students’ interest in learning, focus on cultivating students’ awareness and habits of autonomous learning, create a good autonomous learning situation for students, respect students’ individual differences, and encourage students Choose the learning style that suits you.
Teachers are the guides and organizers of learning activities. Teachers should change their concepts, update their knowledge, and constantly improve their comprehensive qualities. Teaching materials should be understood and used creatively, curriculum resources should be actively developed, and a variety of teaching strategies should be flexibly used to guide students to learn to learn in practice.
(2) Efforts should be made to reflect the practicality and comprehensiveness of Chinese language in teaching.
Strive to improve classroom teaching, consider the integration of knowledge and ability, emotion and attitude, process and method as a whole, and advocate heuristic and discussion-based teaching.
Communicate inside and outside the classroom, make full use of educational resources such as schools and communities, carry out comprehensive learning activities, broaden students’ learning space, and increase students’ opportunities for Chinese language practice.
(3) Pay attention to the correct orientation of emotions, attitudes, and values.
Cultivating students' noble moral sentiments and healthy aesthetic tastes, forming correct values ????and positive attitudes towards life are important contents of Chinese teaching. They should not be regarded as external or additional tasks, but should be focused on Influence, influence, and incorporate these contents into the daily teaching process.
(4) Correctly handle the relationship between basic literacy and innovation ability.
Chinese teaching should focus on the accumulation, perception and application of language, focus on the training of basic skills, and lay a solid Chinese foundation for students. At the same time, attention should be paid to developing students' creative potential and promoting students' sustainable development.
(5) Follow the rules of students’ physical and mental development and Chinese learning, and choose teaching strategies.
The development of students' physical, psychological and language abilities has stage characteristics, and the teaching of different contents also has its own rules. Appropriate teaching strategies should be adopted according to the characteristics of students at different stages of school and different teaching contents. Promote the overall improvement of students' Chinese literacy.
1． About literacy and writing and Chinese Pinyin.
Literacy and writing are the foundation of reading and writing and are the focus of teaching in grades 1 to 2.
The requirements for literacy and writing should be different. Grades 1 to 2 should read more and write less.
Literacy teaching should use language factors that children are familiar with as the main materials, and at the same time make full use of children's life experience, focus on teaching literacy methods, and strive to combine knowledge with application. Use a variety of visual and intuitive teaching methods to create rich and colorful teaching situations.
Writing teaching should pay attention to the guidance of students' writing postures, guide students to master basic writing skills, and develop good writing habits.
Teaching Chinese Pinyin should be as interesting as possible and should be based on activities and games, combined with teaching Mandarin and literacy.
2. About reading
Reading is an important way to collect and process information, understand the world, develop thinking, and gain aesthetic experience. Reading teaching is a process of dialogue between students, teachers, and texts.
Reading is a student's individualized behavior, and teachers' analysis should not replace students' reading practice.
Students should be allowed to deepen their understanding and experience, gain insights and reflections, be emotionally influenced, gain ideological enlightenment, and enjoy aesthetic pleasure through proactive thinking and emotional activities. Students’ unique feelings, experiences, and understandings should be valued.
The focus of reading teaching is to cultivate students' abilities to feel, understand, appreciate and evaluate. The cultivation of this kind of comprehensive ability can be focused on at each stage of schooling, but they should not be separated mechanically.
Gradually cultivate students' abilities in exploratory reading and creative reading, advocate multi-angle and creative reading, and use reading expectations, reading reflection and criticism to expand thinking space and improve reading quality.
Reading teaching at each stage of school should pay attention to reading aloud and silent reading. Strengthen guidance on reading methods so that students can gradually learn to read intensively, skim and browse. Students should also be required to recite some poems and articles in order to facilitate accumulation, experience, and cultivation of language sense.
Cultivate students' broad reading interests, expand reading coverage, increase reading volume, and advocate doing less questions, reading more, reading well, reading good books, and reading the whole book. Encourage students to choose their own reading materials.
Students should also pay attention to their mental hygiene and eye protection when reading.
3. About writing
Writing is an important way of expressing and communicating using language. It is a process of understanding the world, oneself, and making creative expressions. Writing ability is a comprehensive reflection of Chinese literacy. Writing teaching should be close to students' reality, so that students are easy to write and willing to express. Students should be guided to pay attention to reality, love life and express true feelings.
Grades 1 to 4 start with writing and doing exercises. It is to reduce the difficulty in the initial stage and focus on cultivating students' writing interest and self-confidence.
In writing teaching, attention should be paid to cultivating the abilities of observation, thinking, performance and evaluation. Students are required to tell the truth, the truth, and what is in their hearts, and not lies, empty words, or clichés. Encourage students to write about imaginary things, inspiring them to imagine and fantasize.
Provide favorable conditions and broad space for students’ independent writing and reduce the constraints on students’ writing