Important works: "Poem of Sadness and Anger", "Eighteen Beats of Hujia"
Achievements: For the first time, he wrote a five-character autobiographical narrative poem.
Birthplace: Pei County, Chenliu County
Cai Yan, a native of Chenliu County, is a famous scholar with a distinctive temperament. Later, he married Wei Zhongdao in Hedong, and Wei Zhongdao died early. They had no children, so Cai Yan returned to his home.
In the second year of Xing Dynasty, Dong Zhuo and others rebelled against Guanzhong one after another. The Xiongnu took the opportunity to plunder, and Cai Yan was captured by the Xiongnu Zuo. Cai Yan lived in the north for twelve years and gave birth to two sons.
In the eleventh year of Jian'an, Cao Cao always liked literature and calligraphy, and often exchanged literature and calligraphy with Cai Yan's father, Cai Yong. When Cao Cao saw that Cai Yong had no children, he redeemed Cai Yan from the Huns and married Cai Yan to Dong Si.
Then Dong Si committed a capital crime, and Cai Yan went to Cao Cao to ask Dong Si for help. Cao Cao was holding a banquet for government or official celebrities beforehand, and said to the seated guests: "Cai Yong's daughter is there, so let everyone see her today." Cai Yan, with disheveled hair, bare feet, kowtowed to confess his crime, and spoke clearly , the mood was bitter and sad, and all the guests were moved. But Cao Cao said: "However, the document of mitigation has been sent out. What should I do?" Cai Yan said: "There are countless good horses and brave soldiers in your stable. You still pity a fast horse and save one." Dying?" After all, Cao Cao was moved by Cai Wenji and pardoned Dong Si.
After returning to China, Cai Yan wrote two "Poems of Sadness and Anger". There will be no relevant records of Cai Yan in the future, and the year of his death is unknown.
Historically, Ye Fan was evaluated like this: "Traceable exercise, leisure and tolerance. Differentiating the wind and showing that I am enlightened."
Chen Tao: "Only by adjusting the Huan well." Cai Qinyi can play the flute."
Xu Jun: "Who will pay for the old dust in this life? You have to know that bad karma is a kind of beauty."
Hao Jing: "Wenxi's debating ability is unfortunate, but he lost his virginity. But if he can pass on the family line and avoid the death of his husband, and everyone knows it, he will be reprimanded and considered to be unethical." Miss Wansong is on par with scholars. When you are soft and firm, you will be in charge of the festival."
Luo Jianlin: "After Zhonglang fell, he was ashamed to spin his car. According to Mohunubu, it is still said that the name will never be redeemed, and the Khan will be hated for ten thousand years. "
Lu Yong: "Cai Wenji can be a great hero. Reading "Hu Jia Yin" will make you feel shocked. Stones will fly. This is really a drastic measure."
Qu Dajun said: "Ti Ying can replace his father, Cai Yan is not suitable for the family. After the jade is burned, the sound of incense shakes the sea." /p>
Cai Yan, who is accomplished in character literature, wrote two poems, "Poem of Sorrow and Anger", one in five-character style and one in Sao style. The five-character poem with the theme of "Can't Help Itself" is a narrative poem with emotion as its content. It is the first autobiographical long narrative poem written by a literati in the history of Chinese poetry. Zhang Yugu, a poetry critic in the Qing Dynasty, once wrote a poem praising Cai Yan's five-character poem: "The only one who wants to be suppressed is Wenxi, 0755 to 79000, it is difficult to describe it in one sentence. The old Du family Zongcao took seven steps, and the fragrance could reach the hairpin skirt." It is said that Cai Yan's talent overwhelmed Zhuo Wenjun, a talented woman in the Han Dynasty, and the five-character narrative poems of Cao Zhi and Du Fu were also influenced by Cai Yan.
The Sao style "Sorrow and Anger" aims to express feelings. The first and second paragraphs of "Poem of Sorrow and Anger" in Sao style are relatively simple compared to Hu et al.'s experience of being captured after returning to the Han Dynasty. In the center, a large area of ??natural scenery is used to set off Cai Yan's painful mood of leaving his hometown. In these landscapes and emotional features, Cai Yan talks at length about the differences between them and her pastoral middle-earth to describe her own deep sadness and anger in this situation.
The music "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" is an ancient Chinese Yuefu melody with a length of 1297 words. This is a vocal suite consisting of 18 songs. The original publication is "Mao Qian" Volume 59, "Yuefu Poetry Collection", Zhu Volume 3, "Afterwords of Chu Ci", the two books are slightly different.
Lu Shiyong,
Anecdotes and allusions. According to an ancient book, when Cai Yan was begging for his husband Dong Siqi, the weather was freezing. Cao Cao saw that Cai Yan had no shoes and his hair was hanging down, so he gave Cai Yan a headscarf, shoes and socks. Cai Yan's father, Cai Yong, collected many ancient books at home. Cao Cao asked Cai Yan: "It is said that your family has many ancient books. Can you still remember them now?" Cai Yan said: "My father has left me more than 4,000 volumes of books, but due to the vagaries of the war, they have not been preserved. Very few came down. Now I can write more than 400 books." Cao Cao said, "Can I send ten people to accompany my wife to write it?" Cai Yan said, "Give me paper and pen, and I will write it for you alone." Cai Yan wrote down the contents of the ancient book and gave it to Cao Cao without any problems.
"Wenxi Returns to Han" "Wenxi Returns to Han" is an artistic story adapted from Cao Cao's redemption of Cai Yan. Peking Opera and other operas have repertoires about Wenxi's return to the Han Dynasty, and painters from different dynasties have drawn cartoons such as Wenxi's return to the Han Dynasty.
In 1979, the International Union of Crater Astronomy officially announced the proper names of these 310 Mercury craters. Their names are borrowed from famous writers and artists around the world. There are 15 outstanding writers and artists in China named Mercury Crater, and Caiyan Crater is one of them.
When Cai Yan was nine years old, his father Cai Yong was playing the piano at night and suddenly a string broke. Cai Yan said: "The second string was broken." Cai Yong said: "You are just right sometimes." So, he deliberately broke one string and asked her. Cai Yan said it was the fourth one.
The story of Cai Wenji’s piano detection also appears in the Three Character Classic.
As for whether Cai Mao married Zuo in the northern region, there have always been different opinions: According to the records of "Shi Jing Pan Lun" in 2001, Cai Mao "did not marry" to Zuo, and he did not "marry" to Zuo. As usual, Tila's wife was called "Lanshi", but Cai Mao had lived in the north for 20 years, so she did not have this title. But another view is that Cao Cao paid an unusually high price to redeem Cai Yan, far exceeding the price of an ordinary servant. It can be seen that Cai Yan's status among the Xiongnu is not low. Some literary works, such as Peking Opera, write the princess as Zuo. There is still debate as to whether these two statements are true or false.
Controversy over works Guo Moruo published a paper questioning whether Cai Yan's works were written by Cai Yan. Guo Moruo and others believe that the "Book of the Later Han" recorded in "Hu Jia Yin" was not written by Cai Yan. There are three important reasons: 1. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", Wenxi "was captured, not by the Southern Xiongnu Zuo". The poem should not say that he was driven away by Dong Zhuo's people. 2. Cai Yong, the father of Wenxi, received the attention of Dong Zhuo, who held a high position in the central government. He was killed by Wang Yun behind Dong Zhuo. Wenxi's drift must have been behind Cai Yong, and the poem says that Dong Zhuo drove him into Hu. 3. There is a sentence in the Sao Ti chapter that "the Qiang people have a difficult and dangerous history", which is inconsistent with the reality that the Yueshi were plundered by the Southern Huns. There is also the sentence "The Gobi Desert is choked with dust, the grass and trees are all soldiers, and the spring is not glorious", which is different from the geographical situation of Pingyang, Hedong, where the Southern Xiongnu was at that time.
But Tan Qixiang believes that none of these three items are true. Because: 1. Most of Dong Zhuo's troops were Qiang and Hu people. "Poetry of Sadness and Anger" talks about "outstanding people coming from the east" and "all the soldiers coming from the east". Aren't these Hu soldiers "Hu Qi"? 2. The Southern Xiongnu split into two parts in the fifth year of Zhongping, one part moved to Hedong, and the other part is still in the Hetao area of ??Inner Mongolia today. If "Southern Huns" refers to the part that remained there, the geography fits the description perfectly. 3. Dong Zhuo’s ministry was very poor. Cai Wenji was captured in Guandong in advance, Cai Yong was far away in Chang'an, and Cai Yong was killed three months after being captured. There was no way to get news, let alone rescue. The Qiang and Hu in Dong Zhuo's army were all from Guanzhong. After being captured, Cai Wenji was driven into the customs by the West. After entering the customs, I went to the Qiang barbarian land, and there was nothing surprising about it. Therefore, we can be sure that the chapter "The Biography of Dong Si's Wife in the Later Han Dynasty" is indeed the work of Cai Wenji.
Birth year dispute Cai Yan’s birth year is 17
The descendants’ memorial tomb is about 100 meters northwest of Caiwangzhuang Village, Lisan Township, Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. There is a tomb named Cai Wenji’s Tomb. , about 8 meters high, with lush trees. It is a key cultural relic protection unit in Shaanxi Province. In the 1990s, Lantian County built another Wenxi Exhibition Hall here to display Wenxi's anecdotes and unearthed cultural relics from China. It has "Sorrow and Wrath" carved on 18 pieces of blue marble, and there is a statue of Cai Wenji in front of the tomb. There is no record of Cai Yan's fate in the history books.
Memorial Hall Cai Wenji Memorial Hall is built based on Cai Wenji’s tomb. In August 1957, it was listed as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit by the provincial government. In the museum, there is a "Sorrow and Wrath" person who introduced in detail the life story and social customs of Cai Wenji in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. There are still stone carvings by Shan Xin, a famous ancient calligrapher, including "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and "Cai Wenji's Life Exhibition".
The Cai Wenji Memorial Hall collects more than 130 cultural relics about Cai Wenji, 50 of which are precious cultural relics of China's third grade or above.
The emergence of art opera has many operas, such as Guo Moruo's drama and the Kunqu Opera "Lantian Cultural Relics Exhibition" adapted from it, Cheng's Peking Opera "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and Li Shiji's adaptation. At the same time, all local operas also have operas with opposite contents.
In Peking Opera, Cai Wenji belongs to Hua Zhengdan. There were Peking opera actors Li Haiyan and Li Peihong playing the role of abstract painters, and Yue opera actor Qi Yaxian playing the role of Yue opera.
Summary of the 2002 TV series "Cai Wenji": Ju Xue plays Cai Wenji.
2013 TV series "Wenji Returns to Han": Zhang Yu_ plays Cai Wenji.
2014 Shadow Puppet Play "Cao Cao and Cai Wenji": Lu Xueting plays Cai Wenji.