1. Four Books and Five Classics
"Four Books" refers to four Confucian classics, namely The Analects of Confucius, Daxue, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius.
The Five Classics are five Confucian classics, namely The Book of Songs, The Book of Songs, The Book of Rites (Zhou Li, Yi Li and Li Ji), The Book of Changes and The Spring and Autumn Period.
2. The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. It contains works of about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. The Book of Songs is usually called The Book of Songs or Three Hundred Poems. It was not until the Han Dynasty that Confucianism regarded it as a classic and called it The Book of Songs, with 305 articles. It is divided into three parts: wind, elegance and praise. "Wind" is also called "national wind" * *160, and most of them are local folk songs, which are the essence of the Book of Songs, such as Ge Tan and Shuo Shu. "Ya" is divided into "Ya" and "Xiaoya", 105. Most of them are works of royal literati in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there are also a few folk songs. Most of them describe the history of Zhou nobles and praise them. There are 40 Odes, including Zhou Song, Truffle, Ode to Shang, etc., which are mostly music and dance music used by aristocratic rulers for sacrifice. The Book of Songs is the source of China's fine tradition of poetic realism, and its ideological content and artistic achievements have had a far-reaching impact on the development of China literature, especially poetry. The form of poetry is mainly four words, mostly rhyming with alternate sentences, and the techniques of "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing" are widely used, which has the characteristics of chapters and sentences.
3. Zuo Zhuan
Zuo Zhuan is China's first chronological history book with detailed and complete narration. Originally known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, it is said that it was written by Lu historian Zuo Qiuming. This chronicle began in the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ended in the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong (468 BC), and described the history of more than 250 years in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zuo Zhuan has high literary value and great influence on later generations.
4. "Mandarin"
Guoyu is the earliest national history book in China, with a volume of ***2 1. It was written by Zuo Qiuming. According to different countries, the book records the history of more than 500 years from Zhou Muwang to King Zhou. The obvious difference between Guoyu and Zuozhuan is that Guoyu is written in different countries, and wins by memorizing words; Zuo Zhuan is written in chronological order, which is longer than remembering things.
5. Song of the South
Chu Ci is China's first collection of romantic poems. Because the form of poetry is formed on the basis of Chu folk songs, and a large number of local products and dialect vocabulary of Chu are quoted in this paper, it is called "Chu Ci". The Songs of the South are mainly the works of Qu Yuan, and the representative work is Li Sao, so later generations also call the Songs of the South "Sao Style". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang collected the works of Qu Yuan, Song Yu and others and compiled them into an anthology. Chuci is the source of China's positive romantic poetry creation.
6. Lu Chunqiu
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is the representative work of pre-Qin sages compiled by Qin people at the end of the Warring States Period. The book * * * has 26 volumes, and the teaching materials are selected for searching gold.
7. Shan Hai Jing
The Classic of Mountains and Seas, a masterpiece of China's ancient geography. The content is mainly the geographical knowledge in ancient folk customs, including mountains and rivers, products, medicine, sacrifices, witch doctors and so on. It is of reference value to the study of ancient history, geography, culture, nationalities and myths. Among them, a large number of ancient myths and legends are preserved, such as "The Yellow Emperor fought against Chiyou", "Yu contended for water", "Jing Wei seized the sea" and "chasing the sun", which are precious materials for later writers.
8. Warring States policy
The Warring States Policy is a national history book compiled by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, with 33 chapters. From the 16th year of Zhou Pingzhen (453 BC) to the first year of Qin Ershi (209 BC), the historical facts of politics, military affairs and diplomacy of various countries during the Warring States Period were sorted out, with the emphasis on the strategists' strategies and remarks. The Warring States Policy is very successful in language application, and its unique language style is composed of eloquent argumentation, extravagant narration, sharp satire and intriguing humor. It marks the development of China's ancient historical prose to a new height, and has a great influence on the creation of later prose and ci-fu.
9. A New Ode to Yutai
The collection of Yutai New Poems edited by Chen in the Southern Dynasties, with volume 10, was written in Liang, which is another influential collection of ancient poems after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South. Representative works include Peacock Flying Southeast (original title: Ancient Poems by Jiao Zhongqing's Wife).
10. Yuefu Poetry
Guo Song Mao Qian's Collection of Yuefu Poems. Collect Yuefu songs from Han, Wei, Tang and Five Dynasties, and ballads from pre-Qin to the end of Tang Dynasty. Including folk songs and literati works, as well as the original words and imitations of future generations. Yuefu was originally a music organ set up by the government at that time, specializing in making music movements and collecting and sorting out songs of folk music from all over the country. These movements and songs were later called "Yuefu Poems" and became a new poetic style after The Book of Songs and Songs of the South.
1 1.24 History
It refers to 24 historical books from Historical Records to Ming History. Among them, middle school textbooks involve: Historical Records (Korean? Sima Qian); Hanshu (Eastern Han Dynasty? Ban gu); The Book of the Later Han Dynasty (Southern Song Dynasty? Ye Fan); The reflection, (gold? Chen Shou); "New Tang Book" (Song? Ouyang Xiu); History of the New Five Dynasties (Song? Ouyang Xiu); "Ming history" (Qing? Zhang et al. ).
12. Four histories
It refers to the first four histories of the twenty-four histories, namely, Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu and The History of the Three Kingdoms. Sikuquanshu is a large-scale comprehensive series of ancient books compiled by officials in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. * * * Collected 346 1 species and 79,309 volumes of important ancient books before Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, repackaged them into more than 36,000 volumes, and classified them according to classics (books listed as classics and annotated classics by Confucianism), history (books describing historical facts, geographical territory, official positions, etc.), and volumes (hundreds of works since the Warring States Period and various technologies such as workers, peasants, soldiers and doctors).