To appreciate its structural form, it is necessary to analyze the structural characteristics of poetry as a whole, understand the poet's intention to write like this, and its role in expressing poetry. ?
Structural skills
1. Scenes before feelings? Knot feelings with scenery II. Repeat chapters and sentences? Bedding care? transport
3. What is the opening question? Pawn Zhang Xianzhi,
See the big from the small? Contrast.
Technical decryption:
1. Do you know the structural features of poetry?
The usual structure of ancient poetry is to write scenery first, and then to express emotion. Landscape narrative paves the way for lyrical discussion, and viewpoints, attitudes, thoughts and feelings must also be expounded on the basis of landscape narrative.
2. Looking for symbolic language in poetry.
For example, we should pay attention to the order of time and space in poetry and look for words and sentences that express the transformation of time and space; We should pay attention to Zhang Xianzhi's lyrical arguments when writing lyrical scenery or expressing ambition with objects at the end of his poems. ?
1). The relationship between images and emotions in ancient poetry
Its center is the relationship between scenery (things, events) and feelings (or themes):
Scenes (events) before feelings (most of them)?
Love precedes scenery.
Connect feelings with scenery.
1, the scene comes first, and the feelings come later.
Poetry often describes the scenery first and then expresses feelings on this basis.
In the Song Dynasty, when Wang Yucheng crossed the mountain trail, the chrysanthemum turned yellow, and he believed that horses were leisurely and wild. Listen to the sound of thousands of valleys at night and watch some peaks silent in the sunset. The leaves of huanghuali are as red as rouge, and the fragrance of buckwheat flowers is as white as snow. Why are you so melancholy? The original tree of the village bridge looks like my hometown.
The tail section turns sharply, which leads to the meaning of homesickness and seclusion with "melancholy". The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
2. Love in front of the scene
Writing feelings is a bit like poetry. ?
Li Yu's "Looking at Jiangnan" "How much I hate, I dreamed of it last night. It is also like the old garden, the car is like running water in Ma Rulong, and the flowers and the moon are spring breeze. "
3, knot feelings with scenery
Poetry comes to an abrupt end in the process of discussion or lyricism, and turns to scenery, ending with scenery rather than emotion, making poetry "ruthless at this time is better than emotion", and its words are still unfinished.
The sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, and Wan Li's thoughts will return. The night is high and windy, and the mountains fly. -Wang Bo's In the Mountains
In the last two sentences, I saw the real scene on the mountain, reflected one or two feelings, expressed my feelings with scenery, and set off my sadness with bleak autumn wind and flying yellow leaves. This technique of bonding feelings and scenery is memorable and intriguing.
2). The relationship between the previous sentence (couplet) and the latter sentence (couplet)
reiterative sentence
Mature nursing
rise and fall
1, repeat chapters and sentences
Refers to a technique of expression in which the upper and lower sentences or the upper and lower paragraphs repeatedly sing in the same structural form. ?
Teenagers don't know the taste of sorrow and fall in love with the floor. Fall in love with the floor and worry about adding new words. Now that I know what it's like to worry, I want to talk about it. I want to say I'd better have a rest, but I said it's cold and autumn. -Xin Qiji's Ugly Slave, the middle wall of Shuboshan Road
The first part is about the "carefree sadness" when I was young, and the second part is about the "sadness" of caring for and serving the country now. The upper and lower pieces adopt the structure of overlapping sentences. In repeated singing, not only the language has musical beauty, but also the content forms a sharp contrast.
pave the way
That is, using a series of non-main plots in front to prepare for the main plots in the back, or brewing the atmosphere before the climax.
Topic Liu Pavilion Farewell Picture Xu Wei
There is a willow in the east, a willow in the west, a willow in the south and a willow in the north. Even if there are thousands of flowers, how can people live there?
Poetry is first paved, ready to go, and then erupts.
In addition, in the lyric poetry of landscape writing, we can also say that landscape writing in poetry is to pave the way for lyricism.
A gift from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Meng Haoran.
The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.
Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.
I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.
Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish. ?
The first four sentences are famous sentences describing the landscape of Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower, which are magnificent and magnificent, and are praised by people.
"I want to cross the river, but I can't find the boat" is triggered by the vast lake in front of us. In other words, the poet wrote Dongting Lake in order to lead out "I want to cross, but I can't find a boat", thus euphemistically expressing my feelings and hoping to be appreciated and hired.
3. Transition (that is, connecting the front with the bottom)
Liu Zaoqing sent Lu Meipo to meet Liu Guo.
Pan-chrysanthemum is deep, blowing plum far away, all in the capital, gathering and dispersing in a hurry, lonely geese are at the edge of clouds, duckweed is on the water.
How can we teach people not to get hurt? Feel a few degrees, the soul flies and dreams are shocked. After dark, I miss you, the dust goes with the horse, and the moon sails.
【 Precautions 】 ① Pan-chrysanthemum: Drink chrysanthemum wine. 2 blowing plum blossoms: hitting plum blossoms.
Emphasize the brevity of the two people's gathering and the haste of parting. Writing the content of gathering and dispersing is a link between the preceding and the following. ?
4. Do you care?
A poem that makes a necessary response to what has been written before. This method is used properly to make the structure compact and rigorous. ?
Lu You resented Wanli for sealing Hou, while Ma guarded Liangzhou. Now the military life of defending the frontier fortress can only appear in dreams, but I don't know where I am in dreams. Dust covered the old mink fur. The Hu people are still alive, the temples are frosty in autumn, and the affectionate tears are dry. In this life, who knows, my heart is in Tianshan, and I am always in Cangzhou! ?
Analysis: This poem is divided into two parts: the second part takes care of the first part. "Heart in Tianshan Mountain" corresponds to the sentence "that year"; "Being old in Cangzhou" corresponds to the sentence "dream of closing the river", which aims to form a contrast and express the poet's desolate mood. ?
5. layer by layer?
Nineteen ancient poems? Altair? Distant Altair, Jiao Jiao Hehan girl. Skillful hands, make a loom. There is no chapter all day, and tears are pouring down. What's the difference between a clear river and a shallow one? Between water and water, the pulse is unspeakable.
This poem adopts a layered and in-depth structure, expressing the sadness of the Weaver Maid who led the cow across the Milky Way Hans Robert Jauss, and showing the pain when love was tortured. Poetry begins with the Altair and Vega in the distance, and from far to near, the line of sight shifts to Vega. The Vega can only weave to meet the Altair, but she can't weave it all day, and her face is full of tears. A shallow galaxy just can't meet it. Poetry is about things and people, then people's feelings. Scenes blend, music and pictures are emotional, sad and moving.
3) the embodiment of the theme of ancient poetry
How does its content reflect the main idea:
Cut to the chase and get to the point.
Pawn Zhang Xianzhi
See the big from the small?
contrast
1. Cut to the chase and get to the point \
Let's get down to business. This "eye" is the theme of this poem. This method pointed out the "navigation mark" for the full text at the beginning.
Looking forward to traveling with Lu Cheng of Jinling in early spring? Tang Dushenyan
Only those who are far away from home are particularly sensitive to the change of natural phenology.
The bright sun on the sea is about to rise, and Jiangnan in the south of the Yangtze River is reviving.
Warm spring urges warblers to sing, and duckweed in the clear sun is dark in color.
Suddenly an old song played, and I was homesick.
The poem comes straight to the point and directly points out the poet's feelings: only wanderers who have left their homes and are busy with their careers will feel novel and make a fuss about the atmosphere of storing things in a foreign land. In this "unique" and "biased" emphasis tone, the poet's ambivalent mood of official travel to the south of the Yangtze River is vividly displayed.
2. Zhang Xianzhi
Example 1: Li Bai's "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" ends with a sentence: "How can I bow and scrape to those high-ranking officials whose sincere faces will never be seen?" Expressed the poet's thought, he should be free and carefree, not hunched over for a bucket of rice.
Example 2: The last sentence of Difficult Travel, "I will ride the wind and waves one day, and set my cloudy sail straight and bridge the deep, deep sea", expresses the open-mindedness to realize my ideal. ?
Poets often express their thoughts or feelings directly at the end of their poems.
A political prisoner is listening to cicadas.
Luo
Cicadas sing in the west, and guests think of the south.
I can't stand the shadow on my temple to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner.
His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind.
Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? .
Note: This poem was written by Wang Luobin when he was a consultant in the imperial court. He offended Wu Zetian by writing a book about world affairs and was unjustly imprisoned.
As a soldier, Zhang Xianzhi directly expressed his feelings, clearly expressed his desire to be rescued and avenged, and pointed out the main purpose.
3. See the big from the small
When a poet expresses a big theme, he does not describe big events and scenes, but focuses on small things and scenes, and embodies the big realm and theme through "small things", "small things" and "small scenes". This technique is called seeing the big from the small.
Over Huaqing Palace? Du Mu Chang 'an looked back at the embroidered pile, and thousands of doors opened at the top of the mountain. ? As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.
Exposing the corrupt life of Yang Guifei, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Du Mu only absorbed "Princess Laughter" in his poems, and everything was silent. Galloping all the way, speeding, just to please a person, people who don't know the inside story may think it's for military affairs. ?
compare
Contrastive techniques are widely used in poetry because of their hierarchical characteristics and powerful structure, such as:
Qingming (Song) Huang Tingjian
Every holiday season, I miss my parents, and the peaches and plums smile, and the Noda wilderness is only sad.
Thunder stung dragons and snakes, and the original vegetation in the suburbs was soft after the rain.
It's unfair for people to sacrifice my arrogant concubine and wife, but it's unfair to burn them.
A clever fool has known who it is for thousands of years, and his eyes are full of chrysanthemum.
Compared with Jie Zhitui, who would rather burn to death in Mianshan than go out of the mountain, Qi people who show off to their wives and concubines with "begging sacrifices" satirize the villains who flatter the powerful and pursue fame and fortune, and at the same time praise the persecuted sages who do not change their ethics.