The original text of He Sheng Ji Tao’s Fallen Leaves:
In autumn, thousands of trees on Zhongshan Mountain are sparse, and withering is always caused by the flying dust. I don't know that the jade dew is cold and the wind is strong, but I only know that the King of Jinling is very angry. There are only trees in Su'e leaning on the moon, and the green girl walking on the frost has no clothes. Hualin is as bleak as a desert, and a wild goose returns in the cold sky thousands of miles away. Notes on the Fallen Leaves of Heshengji Tao
1 Shengji Tao - Shengsi Tang, also known as Jitao, was born in Tongcheng, Anhui Province. He lived in Nanjing in the early Qing Dynasty and often sang poems with Lin Gudu and Qian Qianyi. 2. Calamity dust - that is, calamity ashes. In Buddhism, it refers to the ashes left after the fire that burned everything. 3 Jade Dew - white dew. 4 Su'e - Chang'e. 5 Lu Shuang - stepping on frost. "Book of Changes Kun Gua": "Stepping on frost is a sign of the coming severe cold." This means that stepping on frost heralds the coming severe cold; Qingnv - the goddess of frost and snow. 6 Hualin - the royal garden of Cao Wei Dynasty, which generally refers to the beautiful forest garden. Appreciation of the fallen leaves of Heshengji Pottery
Autumn is already deep. Looking at Zhongshan in the east of Nanjing, everything is withered and the cold mountain is so solemn, just like the embers after a disaster, a desolate scene. The first two sentences closely follow the title, starting from the fallen leaves. The three words "all things are rare" indicate that it is time for the fallen leaves to fly. The word "老" in "Qiu Lao" is heavily emphasized, indicating that the Jinling area is shrouded in Xiao Sa's atmosphere, and the word "Jie Chen" already expresses the pain of the vicissitudes of the country's changing dynasties. Du Fu originally wrote, "Jade dew withers the maple forest," but now the sight of the leaves falling off makes people feel not the invasion of wind and frost, but that Jinling, the capital of the emperor, has lost its vitality. Therefore, the third and fourth sentences more clearly reveal that political changes are the real reason for the poet's sadness in autumn. Just three years ago, the iron hooves of the Qing army marching south trampled on the great rivers and mountains in front of the Purple Mountain and on the shores of Xuanwu Lake. The Hongguang regime was overthrown. Although Qian Qianyi was shy and fought against the enemy and lived in espionage, his heart was full of contradictions and contradictions. He was in pain, so he often vented his thoughts about his homeland in his poems. "Jinling Wangqi" obviously uses the sentence "Wang Junlou's boat disembarked in Yizhou, Jinling Wangqi sadly faded" in Liu Yuxi's "Nostalgia of Xisai Mountain", and this clearly refers to the decline of the dynasty. Therefore, the lamentation about the demise of the Ming Dynasty in these two sentences is very clear. It is naturally a pretense to say that the falling leaves are due to the exhaustion of the king's energy and not to the golden wind and autumn dew, but it is indeed very painful to express the thoughts of one's motherland. of.
Li Shangyin's "Frost Moon" said: "The young girl Su'e can withstand the cold, and she fights with Chanjuan in the frost in the middle of the moon." This means chanting objects to express optimism in a severe environment, but Qian Qianyi Use it contrary to its meaning. Chang'e was alone leaning on the moon, accompanied by osmanthus trees. The young girl walked on the frost and had no one to rely on, feeling very cold and desolate. In the fifth and sixth sentences, I think of the laurel tree in the middle of the moon from falling leaves, and the severe frost that destroys the yellow leaves. However, I clearly use Su'e and Qingnv to describe themselves, implying the loneliness and loneliness I feel in the severe and solemn political atmosphere. sad. The last two sentences are attributed to the fallen leaves. What used to be a lush and lush forest is now as desolate as a desert. A lone goose flies across the vast cold sky, which adds to the feeling of desolation and loneliness in the autumn forest, giving the whole world a sense of desolation and coldness. The poem adds a low and dark tone. And isn’t that lonely flying goose in the cold sky a symbol of the poet himself?
This poem expresses one's own feelings by chanting objects, which expresses Qian's thoughts about his hometown and mountains in this poem. On the one hand, this is naturally due to the situation that he was not reused after being surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and was imprisoned; on the other hand, he also felt the brutality and raging of the Qing government, so his mood was depressed.
Wang Shiqi discussed that there were three schools in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, believing that "Yushan originated from Shaoling, and was about the same time as Su Jin" ("Fen Gan Yu Hua"); Qian Qianyi's Disciple Qu Shichun also said that "Mr. Mu Zhai's poems are based on Du and Han" ("Preface to the Collection of Beginners of Mr. Mu Zhai"). They all said that Qian's poems were derived from Du Fu, taking this poem as an example. He is extremely skillful in using allusions and is close to Du Fu's poetic style, so it has always been regarded as one of Qian Qianyi's masterpieces.
Poetry works: He Sheng Ji Tao Fallen Leaves Poetry author: Qian Qianyi, Qing Dynasty Poetry classification: Sadness