1. Narrative poems and lyric poems. This is divided according to the expression of the content of the work.
(1) Narrative Poetry: Poetry contains relatively complete story lines and characters, which are usually expressed by the poet's passionate singing. Epic, story poem and poetic novel all belong to this category. Ancient Greek Homer's epics such as Heriat and Odyssey; China poet Li Ji's Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang and other story poems; Don Juan by British poet Byron and yevgeni onegin by Russian poet Pushkin.
(2) Lyrics: It mainly reflects the social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require complete stories and characters. Such as love songs, carols, elegies, elegies, pastoral songs, satirical poems, etc. There are many such works, so I won't list them one by one.
Of course, narration and lyricism are not absolutely separated. Narrative poetry is also lyrical, but its lyricism requires close combination with narrative. Lyric poems often describe some fragments of life, but they can't be spread out, and they must obey the needs of lyricism.
2. Metric poems, free poems and prose poems. This is classified according to the phonological meter and structural form of the language of the work.
(1) Metric poetry: It is a poem written according to certain formats and rules. It has strict rules on the number of lines, the number of words (or syllables), the tone and rhyme, the antithesis of words and the arrangement of sentence patterns. Such as the metrical poems, quatrains and songs in China's ancient poems and the European sonnets.
(2) Free verse: it is a newly developed poetic style in modern Europe and America. It is not limited by metrical rules, has no fixed format, pays attention to natural and internal rhythm, and uses rhymes roughly similar or without rhymes. The number of words, lines, sentence patterns and tones are relatively free, and the language is relatively popular. Whitman, an American poet (1819-1892), is the founder of European and American free verse, and Leaves of Grass is his main collection of poems. This poetic style has also become popular in China since the May 4th Movement.
(3) Prose poetry: it is a literary genre with both prose and poetry characteristics. There are poetic artistic conception and passion in the works, which are often full of philosophy, paying attention to the rhythm of nature and the beauty of music. The length is short, like prose, and it does not rhyme, such as Lu Xun's Weeds.
(6) Appreciation of Bai Pu's Clear Sand and Autumn.
When it comes to "autumn", people's first reaction is the well-known Tianjingsha Qiu Si (by Ma Zhiyuan). As we all know, there are many works about "Autumn" in Yuan Qu, and the most vivid one is Bai Pu's "Clear Sand and Autumn". If Ma Zhiyuan is called "the father of Qiu Si", then Bai Pu should be regarded as "the sage of autumn". In the first two sentences of this song, Bai Pu skillfully juxtaposes six groups of nouns with a pen like a rafter, depicting a picture of harmony between the earth and the sky: the sun is in the west, the horizon is full of sunset clouds, and the village is tilted; The smoke curled up, the branches of the old tree did not move, and the feathers of the crow tree were particularly conspicuous.
The second sentence is a corner of the large-scale landscape described in the previous two sentences.
In this quiet autumn scenery, a wild goose suddenly flew over the ground. The sudden appearance of this dynamic has broken the impression of static scenery and made people move. "A little" means that "Hong Fei" is far away, and "under the shadow" is faster!
The third sentence is the one that best conveys the meaning of autumn. First of all, the combination of distance and distance in perspective, the mountains and water in autumn in the distance, and have a characteristic color-turquoise; Nearby are autumn plants: grass, leaves and flowers. White, red and yellow complement each other and are colorful, forming a beautiful "autumn picture scroll", which renders the autumn scenery and conveys a strong autumn meaning. Secondly, there is no word "autumn" in the whole sentence, but "autumn" is everywhere, which is the so-called "nothing, everything is romantic"! This is also the genius of the author!
Throughout the whole song, its structure is novel and unique, that is, "arranging static scenes-mediating Hong Fei moving scenes-arranging static scenes", which is standardized but not rigid; Secondly, the composition is dynamic and static, changing rather than monotonous; Thirdly, if autumn scenery in the first two sentences of this song can't help being quiet and cold, then in the third sentence, the transformation of artistic conception is more clear, generous and harmonious. All these show the author's superb skills in refining ideas and conceiving skills.
(7) Appreciation of Guo Moruo's Market in the Sky
Guo Moruo's poems have always been famous for their strong emotional catharsis, and his "Phoenix Nirvana" is passionate. His "Tiangou" has the momentum of destroying everything; His "Good Morning" and "There is Coal in the Furnace" once made our hearts beat. But this poem is quiet and peaceful, with beautiful artistic conception, fresh and simple. When the poet wrote this poem, he was studying in Japan. Like many overseas students in China at that time, he missed his motherland and was confused about his ideal future. Poets have to think about this with the help of nature and often wander by the sea. One night, the poet walked by the sea, looking up at the beautiful sky and twinkling stars, and his mood became cheerful. The poet seems to have found his ideal, so he wrote it in his poem.
Come on-it's like heaven in heaven.
The poet compared the stars to street lamps. Stars are scattered in the sky, and the distant world arouses people's infinite reverie. Street lamps are a common sight, close to us and can be seen almost everywhere. The poet compared the street lamps in the distance to the stars in the sky, and also compared the stars in the sky to the street lamps on the ground. Is it the poet's illusion, or does the poet want to lead us into the "ethereal realm"? In the poet's mind, heaven and earth are one.
There is a market in the ethereal sky, a prosperous and beautiful market. There are many items on display, all of which are treasures of the world. The poet didn't write these anecdotes specifically, which left us a lot of room for imagination. We can regard them as what we need and bring us peace and comfort of mind.
It is not only a market, but also a life scene. Across the shallow Tianhe River, what is the life of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl who are unswerving in love? Still guarding the Milky Way, can we only face each other from a distance? "I'm sure I can ride a cow," said the poet. On that beautiful night, they must have wandered in the colorful market. Meteors are lanterns they are holding. A few simple words have subverted the myth that has been circulated for thousands of years and resolved the tragedy of sighing for thousands of years and people's yearning and sorrow.
The style of this poem is desolate, expressing the poet's pure ideal with natural and fresh language, neat short sentences and harmonious and beautiful rhythm. The artistic conception is general and the rhythm is slow, such as a trickle and ripples. But it is this simple artistic conception that brings us rich imagination and makes our hearts wander in the distant sky with poetry and enjoy their beautiful dreams.