Expression methods, intentions, etc. are different.
1. Expression method: Using the past to satirize the present usually involves telling ancient historical events or fables to hint or allude to the problems or shortcomings of modern society. Use ancient stories to suggest or criticize certain modern phenomena or behaviors. To use the ancient to describe the present is to directly use ancient characters or events to compare something or a modern phenomenon. Directly quote ancient examples to explain or elaborate on modern issues.
2. Intent: The main intention of using the past to satirize the present is to criticize or satirize some undesirable phenomena or problems in modern society. Ancient stories are told to suggest or criticize certain modern actions or policies. This technique is often used in literary works or political speeches to draw attention to issues in modern society. The main purpose of using ancient metaphors to describe the present is to explain or explain something or a phenomenon in modern times. Use ancient examples to better understand modern issues or concepts. This technique is often used in academic writings or ideological papers to increase the persuasiveness of an argument.