As a faculty member, you often have to write an excellent teaching design. With the help of teaching design, you can better organize teaching activities. So the question is, how should instructional design be written? The following is the excellent teaching design of the first volume of the compulsory high school Chinese course "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" that I compiled for everyone. It is for reference only. Let's take a look.
Teaching objectives
1. Read the text thoroughly, perceive the whole, and understand the author’s thoughts and feelings
2. Guide students to understand the main purpose of the text.
3. Combine the context, figure out the meaning of words and sentences and their expression effects, and then learn the skills of using metaphors, synaesthesia, personification and overlapping words to express ideas
Teaching focus< /p>
1. Figure out the meaning of words in a specific context.
2. Appreciate the concise and beautiful language of describing scenes in the work and its expression effect.
Teaching Difficulties
1. The text and scene are blended, and the "scenery language" and "love language" are integrated into one.
2. Use key sentences to understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in the article.
Lesson schedule:
3 lessons
First lesson
Teaching points: Understand the artistic conception of Zhu Ziqing’s prose.
Teaching process
1. Introduction of new lessons
The image and meaning of "moon" in ancient Chinese poetry.
1. Li Bai's "Drinking Alone Under the Moon"
A pot of wine among the flowers, drinking alone without any blind date. Raise a glass to invite the bright moon, and make three people in the shadows.
The moon does not know how to drink, but its shadow follows me. For now, the moon will be shadowed, and we must have fun until spring.
My song is wandering in the moon, and my dancing shadow is chaotic. They make love together when they are awake, but they separate when they are drunk.
We will travel together forever, and we will meet each other in Miao Yunhan.
──Here, the "moon" becomes a carrier for the poet to relieve the loneliness deep in his heart.
2. "Shui Tiao Ge Tou" by Su Shi
When will the bright moon come? Ask the blue sky for wine. I don’t know what year it is today in the palace in the sky.
I want to ride the wind back home, but I am afraid that it will be too cold in the high places.
Dancing to clear the shadow, how does it seem to be in the human world. Turn to the Zhu Pavilion, look down at the Qihu, and the light will make you sleepless.
There shouldn’t be any hatred, so what’s the point of saying goodbye? People have joys and sorrows, separations and reunions, and the moon waxes and wanes. This is a difficult thing in ancient times.
I wish you a long life and a long life.
──Here, "moon" has become a carrier for the poet to express his thoughts and feelings of missing his relatives.
So, what role does the "moon" play in Zhu Ziqing's prose "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond"? Today we will study the prose "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond".
2. Get to know the author (know the person)
Zhu Ziqing (1898-1948), formerly known as Zihua, with the courtesy name Peixuan and the nickname Qiushi, which means Chunhua Qiushi. In order to encourage myself not to lose heart and remain innocent in difficult situations, I took the word "self-purification" from "Ning to be honest and upright to self-purify" in "Chu Ci". The word Peixian. Born in Donghai County, Jiangsu Province, his ancestral home is Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. He has settled in Yangzhou since his grandfather, so he calls himself a Yangzhou native. He graduated from the Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1920, taught in middle schools in Jiangsu and Zhejiang and other places, and participated in literary research societies. In 1925, he became a professor at Tsinghua University. He is a famous essayist, poet, scholar and democratic fighter.
His works include a collection of poems and essays "Traces", a collection of essays "Back View", "Miscellaneous Notes on European Travel", "Miscellaneous Notes on London", a collection of essays "On the Appreciation of Elegance and Popularity", "Standards and Measures" and some Literary treatises, collected in "Collected Works of Zhu Ziqing".
Zhu Ziqing is a poet, essayist, scholar, and democracy fighter. He is a famous writer, scholar, and democracy fighter praised by Mao Zedong for "exhibiting the heroic spirit of our nation." Mao Zedong once warmly praised his noble character of "preferring to die rather than receive relief food from the United States."
3. Understand the background (On the World)
In July 1927, after Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" and "July 15" counter-revolutionary coups, white terror enveloped China The old era is collapsing, and the new era has not yet arrived. Intellectuals are dissatisfied with the dark reality and yearn for a free life. However, depression and turmoil make them panic, depressed and confused, and they cannot see the way forward. The contradiction is externalized into the moonlight scene of the lotus pond. The elegant and hazy scenery is consistent with the author's inner sadness and joy. The author here wants to escape the annoying world and seek temporary peace. The cold lotus pond has also become a wonderful world beyond the world. Before writing this article, the author had actively participated in the May 4th New Culture Movement and was a member of the May 4th New Culture Movement. After the May 4th New Culture Movement was lively for a while, Around 1925, Zhu Ziqing entered a low ebb, which was also reflected in "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond".
4. Invite students to listen to the recitation. Take, pay attention to the words, understand the language, and think about how to divide the levels.
1. A brief summary of the words
2. The full text is divided into three parts:
Part 1 (1): The reason for walking on the lotus pond on a moonlit night. (Point out the title) (Love)
Part 2 (2-6): The tranquility and charm of the moonlight in the lotus pond. (Subject) (Scenery)
The third part (7-8): The beauty of the moonlight in the lotus pond arouses homesickness. (Focus on lyricism) (Emotion)
Attachment: Emotional clues: a touch of joy and a touch of sadness.
Travel clues: (omitted)
5. Figure out the mood (disclosure)
1. Read the text quickly and find out the author’s mood development and changes statement.
2. Ask three to five students to talk about the sentences they have found that can express the author's emotional development and changes.
3. Teacher’s summary
I feel quite uneasy these days (depressed) – I’ll take advantage of the boundless fragrance of lotus and the moonlight to feel better (cheerful) – but lively It's theirs, I have nothing (falling into depression again) - this makes me miss Jiangnan after all (leading to new depression)
5. Understand the artistic conception (entry)
1. How does the author express the depression of insomnia?
Clearly: First, it uses the description of the "moon" to show that the night is deep. The second is to use the description of "children" and "wife" to reflect "my" insomnia.
2. How does the author express the cheerful mood of watching the moon?
Clear: First, use the description of the scene on the road when there is no moonlight to contrast the pleasant scenery under the moonlight tonight, thereby highlighting your cheerful mood. The second is to use the description of his unique feelings under the vast moonlight to express the beauty of being alone, and to highlight his cheerful mood. The third is to use the description of the lotus pond, moonlight and the scenery around the lotus pond to show that they match well, and then set off one's cheerful mood.
3. How does the author express the lonely and depressed mood?
Clear: Use the lively description of the "cicada" and "frog" to reflect your own "desertedness".
4. How does the author express the depressed mood of homesickness?
Clearly: Use the memories of the relevant contents of "Lotus Picking Ode" and "Xizhou Song" to express the excitement of life in the south of the Yangtze River, thereby inducing one's own homesickness.
5. Summary: The so-called "artistic conception" refers to the fusion of external people, affairs and scenery (objective) and people's thoughts and feelings (subjective) to form a state of unity between man and nature and the blending of scenes. . The more seamless and seamless the blending of nature and man, and the blending of scenes, the more beautiful the prose will be. "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" achieves this, so it has a kind of artistic beauty.
6. Assign homework
Find the paragraph in the article that describes the moonlight in the lotus pond, and understand the beauty of the scene description based on familiarity.
Second Lesson
Teaching Points
Understand the beauty of scenes in Zhu Ziqing’s prose.
Teaching process
Ask three to five students to read aloud the passage they found describing the moonlight in the lotus pond.
2. Preliminary understanding
1. What scenes of the lotus pond under the moon did the author write about? How is it described?
2. Read this passage collectively.
3. How does the author describe the moonlight on the lotus pond?
Lotus leaf: dynamic beauty (reduplicated metaphor)
Lotus: delicate posture, shy expression (anthropomorphic metaphor)
Lotus fragrance: time Intermittent, if there is nothing, light and misty, refreshing (synesthesia)
Hebo: elegance and tranquility (a combination of movement and stillness to personify)
Heyun: the words are complete and meaningful. Infinity (combine what you see with your imagination)
4. Read this passage collectively.
5. What scenery around the lotus pond did the author write about? How is it described?
3. In-depth understanding
1. What method did the author use to describe the moonlight in the lotus pond so successfully? Please extract relevant sentences from the text and fill in the relevant content in the table below.
Example sentences in the text of the object of description
Metaphor
Metaphorical leaves with high water flow ()
Open and not yet open The lotus is like ()
Also like ()
Also like ()
The trembling leaves and flowers are like ()
Dense The leaves and flowers close together look like ()
The leaves and flowers under the moonlight look like ()
And they look like ()
The dark shadows of the shrubs look like () < /p>
The beautiful shadows of the willows look like ()
The gloomy trees look like ()
The street lights leaking through the gaps between the trees are ()
通
Feeling the fragrance of lotus in the breeze is like ()
The moonlight in the pond is like ()
Simulated
People holding lotus flowers
Lotus leaves in the fields
Running water under the leaves
Willow trees by the lotus pond
Street lights leaking through the gaps between trees
2. Summary: To write about the beauty of a scene, it is necessary to use metaphor, personification and synaesthesia.
3. Read these three paragraphs collectively.
4. Assign homework
From the literary works you are exposed to, find and excerpt three to five sentences that use synaesthetic expression techniques.
The third lesson
Teaching points
Understand the linguistic beauty of Zhu Ziqing’s prose.
Teaching process
1. Homework inspection
1. Ask a few students to talk about sentences using synaesthesia expression techniques.
2. Teacher’s advice: Synaesthesia is a special metaphor. The difference between synaesthesia and metaphor is that the metaphors of synaesthesia have interoperable feelings. For example, "lotus fragrance" (smell) is like "singing" (hearing), and "moonlight" (visual) is like "famous music" (hearing).
2. Chew language
Understanding the beauty of language requires chewing. The so-called "chewing" is to compare repeatedly: the same meaning, which words and phrases can be used to express it, why the author chooses this and abandons the other, what is wrong with using that word and phrase, what are the advantages of using this word and phrase, etc. Let's "chew" it with specific examples.
1. Would it be good if the word "secluded" in the sentence "This is a secluded road" is replaced by "secluded"? Why? (No. "Secluded" means both "secluded" and "remote", and "secluded" can only express one meaning. "Secluded" can only be experienced when you are in a leisurely and comfortable mood, such as "Cicada" The noisy forest becomes quieter, and the bird-singing mountain becomes more secluded." At this moment, the author's mood is not leisurely and comfortable. "Secluded" and especially "secluded" perfectly bring out the author's lonely and depressed mood)
2. The word "pace" in the sentence "I am the only one on the road, walking with my hands behind my back" has similar meanings to "walk slowly". Why does the author use "pace" instead of "walk slowly"? ("Slow step" can only express the speed of the movement, while "pace" can express both the speed of the movement and the mood when doing the movement. "Pai" is consistent with the author's cheerful mood. "Pai" is also related to the following " "I feel like a free man" (corresponding to this)
3. "I will just enjoy this boundless lotus fragrance and moonlight." The "and" and "jiu" in the sentence have similar meanings. Why doesn't the author use " Use "and" instead of "just"? (In addition to the meaning of "Jiu", "Qi" also means "for the time being", which expresses a richer meaning than "Jiu". "Qi" shows that the joy brought to "me" by the lotus fragrance and moonlight is only for a moment. Intermittent, which corresponds to the author's mood returning to depression below)
4. "The moonlight is like flowing water, quietly pouring on this leaf and flower" is expressed by "Xie" in the sentence In fact, it means "to illuminate". Why didn't the author use "to illuminate" instead of "to illuminate"? (Because the author has compared "moonlight" to "flowing water", "flowing water" can only "shed" but not "illuminate")
5. "A thin green mist floats on the lotus pond The "floating" in the sentence "Li" actually expresses the meaning of "rising". Why doesn't the author use "rising" instead of "floating"? (Both "floating" and "rising" can express the movement of "green mist", but there is a difference in height: "rising" makes people feel that "fog" is very high; "floating" makes people feel that "fog" is very low. must be even with the surface of the lotus leaf)
6. "(The dark shadow of the shrub and the beautiful shadow of the willow) seem to be painted on the lotus leaf." The "painting" in the sentence actually expresses " "Remain" means "remain", why didn't the author use "remain" instead of "draw"? (Students draw conclusions after discussion)
3. Taste language
Understanding the beauty of language also requires taste. The so-called "taste" means to think deeply about the expressive effect of a certain word chosen by the author. Let's "taste" it with specific examples.
1. What is the expressive function of "quietly" in the sentence "quietly put on a big shirt"? (Indicates that the action is very careful, the author does not want to alarm the family)
2. What is the expressive function of "gently" in the sentence "gently push the door and go in"? (Indicates that the action is very gentle, and the author does not want to alarm the family)
3. What is the expressive function of "sens" in the sentence "the road is eerie"? (Use the bright "dark" to set off the depressed mood of "I")
4. What is the expressive function of "light" in the sentence "Although the moonlight is still light"? (Use the "lightness" of moonlight to set off the "lightness" of joy)
5. What is the expressive function of "Tiantian" in the sentence "What I look forward to are the leaves of the fields"? (To highlight the lush growth of leaves)
6. What is the role of the repetition of "grain" in the sentence "(white flowers) are like pearls"? (Students draw conclusions after discussion)
7. What is the expressive effect of the repetition of "far and near" and "high and low" in the sentence "Surrounding the lotus pond, far and near, high and low are trees"? (Students draw conclusions after discussion)
4. Why does the fourth paragraph of scenery description contain more leaves?
The teacher requires students to read the fourth paragraph and watch the author write in sequence. What? How is it written?
Clearly: write about the dense lotus leaves first, then the colorful lotus flowers and the bursts of lotus fragrance, and finally the trembling of the leaves and flowers and the pulsating water. This paragraph is written in the order of stopping and observing, from near to far, and from top to bottom. This paragraph can be divided into two layers. The first layer describes still life, with leaves like "dancing girl's skirt". The movement is written in stillness, which expresses the beauty of movement. The flower is "coquettish" and "shy", as delicate and beautiful as a human being, describing the static beauty; like "pearl" and "star", it describes the brilliance of the lotus in imagination. The fragrance of the flower is like "the faint singing voice on the tall building in the distance", It activates the reader's wonderful imagination. The second layer contains dynamic visual images, with the "leaves" trembling slightly and turning into "a ripple of solid blue". There is an auditory image, the trembling sound of flowers and leaves blown by the wind. The combination of movement and stillness gives readers different feelings.
The reason why Ye Ye writes so much is the actual situation of the local scenery at that time. The author creates a quiet and tranquil atmosphere.
From this we can see the characteristics of the scenery description in this article. The characteristic of this article is that it cleverly combines the description of the lotus pond with the description of the moonlight. The lotus pond is the lotus pond under the moon; the moonlight is the moonlight on the lotus pond. It highlights the beauty of elegant, hazy and quiet objects. The fourth paragraph does not directly write about the moon, but there is a moon everywhere. Lotus leaves and lotus flowers are under the shining of the moonlight. Under the moonlight, the lotus flowers are also silver-white. This is the similarity between it and the "pearl" and "star". Write lotus The fragrance, wisps of fragrance, carried by the breeze, is as touching as the singing voice floating in the distance. This feeling of elegance and distance can only be experienced when you are alone on a moonlit night. You will never have such a feeling during the noisy day. .
5. Read the fifth paragraph and think about how the moonlight is described in this article.
Clearly: the author puts lotus leaves and lotus flowers under the moonlight, and the word "Xie" is used. It gives people a milky white and vivid sense of reality; the word "floating" also expresses the ethereal and gentle appearance of lotus leaves and lotus flowers under the moonlight. The article seems to be still writing about lotus leaves and lotus flowers. In fact, it is not the case. The author is. By writing about the tranquility and tranquility of leaves and flowers, the hazy and soft moonlight is brought out. Another example is when writing about "dark shadow" and "qianying", it is still about the moonlight, because the shadow is caused by the light and darkness of the tree shadow illuminated by the moonlight. The shadows are scattered and scattered, reflecting the light and rippling moonlight. The moonlight is difficult to describe, so the author uses different scenery and different angles to write about the moonlight, making the difficult scene appear before his eyes.
6. Clarify the author's emotional changes and analyze the reasons for the changes.
What does the uneasiness in the heart indicate?
Clarity: "Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" shows the author's service to the country. The conflicting mood of being restless and restless about the fate of the nation not only reflects the author's noble character of not being willing to join the others, but also showing his unwillingness to join the revolution, which reflects the weakness of the petty bourgeois intellectuals at that time. A reflection of the true mentality.
"Moonlight over the Lotus Pond" was written in July 1927, when the Great Revolution failed and white terror enveloped the land of China. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek rebelled against the revolution and China was in darkness. Before that, Zhu Ziqing had been shouting and fighting as a "little pawn in the great era", but after the April 12th coup, he went from the "crossroads" of struggle to the "ivory tower" of classical literature. But the author can neither do it. After writing and joining the army, he picked up a gun and started revolution, but he still could not calm down his dissatisfaction and hatred of the dark reality. The author felt confused and conflicted about life, his heart was depressed, and he could never calm down. This prose is written through the lonely moonlight night. The description of the lotus pond scenery reveals the author's complex mood of wanting to find peace but not finding it, and fantasizing about transcending reality but being unable to transcend it. This is exactly the reflection of the dark era on the author's mind.
Why. Repeatedly write "A dual character who loves liveliness and also loves calmness?"
Clearly: because this is a true portrayal of the author's character, and also because the author's ambivalent mentality was very strong at the time.
The author said that he was quite uneasy in his heart, why did he write such a peaceful article?
Clearly: The author subjectively wanted to calm down his uneasy state of mind by visiting the lotus pond, and objectively it was true. When watching the moonlight on the lotus pond and the moonlight on the lotus pond, the author was completely intoxicated by the natural beauty, but soon returned to restlessness and became melancholy again. "The excitement is theirs, I have nothing." This is what he said An expression of restlessness.
The sixth paragraph says, "The excitement is theirs, I have nothing." Why is the author so sad?
Clear: The author wants to find beautiful scenery, make himself tranquil, and calm his own conflicts. It's a sad state of mind.
What is the relationship between lotus picking in the seventh paragraph and the main body of the article? Why do you think of lotus picking?
Clear: Use the excitement of picking lotus to set off your loneliness, and the lotus is the same thing, The author is from Yangzhou and knows the customs of Jiangnan very well.
Is the last sentence of the eighth paragraph, "Gently push the door open and go in, there is no sound, my wife has been asleep for a long time" is redundant?
Clarity: On the one hand, there are anaphora articles. It plays a role in the beginning, but the main purpose is to use stillness to describe movement, to use stillness to contrast oneself, and to feel extremely uneasy in my heart. The unrest in the heart is the ripples caused by the violent turbulence of social reality in the author's heart. The whole article is full of the oppositional unity of movement and stillness: social turmoil and the silence of the lotus pond, inner turmoil and inner tranquility form a unity of opposites. At the beginning of the article, I felt uneasy, but under the influence of the beautiful scenery of the lotus pond on a moonlit night, I became calm. Stepping out of the lotus pond and returning to the unquiet reality also creates opposition and transformation.
7. Assign homework
Write a prose.