Name of the work: Creation Year of Xijiao Poetry: Style of Late Tang Dynasty: Five-character Ancient Poetry Author: Xijiao Poetry Alias: Origin of Xijiao Poetry: Original Works of Tang Poetry, Annotation Translation, Wording and Sentence Making, Vernacular Translation, Creation Background, Appreciation of Works, Overall Appreciation, Evaluation by Famous Scholars, Author Introduction, Original Works of Xijiao Poetry: 100 Rhyme 1 Snake Sword Years. South to Dasanling, north to Wei 4 coast. The vegetation is semi-comfortable, unlike the snow and ice in the morning. If summer is bitter and hot, there is no fragrant liquid in the roll. Takada Takada is 7, and Shimoda is Jing Zhen. Agricultural tools were abandoned by the roadside, and hungry cows died in empty docks. As soon as Yi went through the village, there were no rooms in the 8th and 10 rooms. All the survivors are crying and have no clothes to welcome them. At first, if people dare not ask, the door is still old. Right auxiliary field 10, Sri Lankan people are often very poor. Yixi is called the Promised Land 1 1, Lemberland 12. Honest officials are like ice, honest officials are like six relatives. If you have children, you don't go on an expedition, but you have daughters and neighbors. Turbid wine is full of tiles 14, and rotten grain accumulates. 15 is the wife of a good boy, and the grandson of a poor old man is a grandson. Since Zhenguan, there have been many Confucian ministers. For example, the company recruited Tao Jun 16. Down to the middle of Kaiyuan, evil spirits scratched the economy 17. Gong Jin avoided this incident and recorded more frontier generals. Because of the fierce generation of 18, miscellaneous grazing rose to 19. There are many reasons for the Central Plains, except for the non-Supreme 20. Either the lucky minister gave 2 1, or he was prayed for by the emperor. The central plains is in trouble and is at the mercy of others. 22. Slaves hate fat dolphins. The prince abandons milk, and the pepper room has a strong soul. Give 23 back to China and drive the army to the north. The string is controlled by 200 thousand, and the long arm is like an ape The Imperial Capital is 3,000 Li, flying with kites. A horse is five miles and a feast is 25 miles. Refers to the sky 26, warm and hot back to the sky 27. Or insult and ridicule, spit on like a dung pill. The big court will be 28,000 square meters, and the son of heaven will turn to the beginning of the Xuan colorful flag, and the jade seat will be Xiangyan. The gold barrier is special and the bead curtain is high. Brush your beard and sit on the couch, regardless of thirty. He who cares is hard to die, attached to the top. Showing off 3 1 is extravagant and swallowed up by Hao Jun. Because of the loss of life and support, it is becoming more and more frequent. Xikou has been in the northeast for 32 years, spending like a sky. It's time to forget about the war, there are still many heavy troops on the side. The city is surrounded by a long river, and the flag is clearly visible on the plain. But when I heard that Lu rode in, I didn't see Han Bing. The old woman cried with her child in her arms, while the young woman climbed into the car. I don't know how to close the door at night Do your best while you are young, and leave the village empty when you are tired. I swear to die, I shed tears. Courtiers are timid, and generals are eager for them. Sweep Sun as a thief, arrest him and send him to Tongguan. Jade chariot looks south, I don't know when to turn. Knowing that it has been open for a long time, this cloud thunders. Those who disobey will win the grand prize, and those who save will be senior officials. Who can tell an owl from a phoenix? A thousand horses have gone and never returned, and 10 thousand cars have gone and never returned. All the birds in the city are dead, so people go to the wolves to make trouble. Nandu exhausted the five mountains, and the cost of the west lost its source. Because you booked the right to store 36, you destroyed the only empty wall. If you are a man, you have left and right. Muscles and muscles are semi-relaxed, and elbows and armpits are full of shame. Liesheng was ashamed of this, and he could not declare it. The counselor stood hand in hand, afraid to retreat first. The world is in chaos, and the state treasury has no money. Athletes endure frost and snow. They are sorry for their clothes. Excessive reimbursement overestimates copper and lead. Looking at Shandong and Hebei, cigarettes are still linked to 40. The court was overwhelmed and worked hard for half a year. Pedestrians pay 4 1 and residents pay rafter tax. I got in the way in the middle, using Gori 42. No alcohol 43 at the door, tin in the sky. Those who break will destroy their homes, while those who survive will delay. Etiquette is different from the father, and you are as embarrassed as Qiang Zero. Seek sincere loss, hope thoroughly. Kevin·Z Tang Zheng is 44 years old, and the Prime Minister hates Babel. Excuse me, is deacon 45 in charge today? Sore and gangrene have been going on for decades, and I dare not find out its root. The state's taxes are heavy, and the people are sparse and complicated. In recent years, Dr. Niu is 47, and the urban community has climbed higher. Just put Fangda 48 here in Jingxi. The tree party is even more arrogant when you forget the enemy. Life is feared by others, and death is pitied by others. Cut off his head with a sharp knife. Fengxiang is 300 Li, and its military forces are like yellow turban insurrectionary. In the middle of the night, the army came and stationed fifteen thousand people. The village is terrible for 49 million, and the old and the young pull each other. Children and grandchildren were born before the age of 50, so it's no shame to abandon them. I don't reconsider what I am comfortable with, but I want to die in the mountains. I'm two or three years old, and it's not as sweet as spring. The thief pavilion starts at 5 1 noon and asks who is poor. If you kill pavilion officials, you may catch 52. Not seeing each other is close at hand, and there are many yellow dust after a long drought. Guan Jian brought a bow and said it was an official patrol. Always afraid of being worth 53, this generation will shoot people. I am ashamed to ask the truth, and I hope the guests will not follow suit. Wharf to Chencang 54, where dusk is forbidden. I was furious at this statement. I heard that for some time, the thieves all ran away. I am also confused. 55. People don't tie the sky. I am willing to devote myself to this matter. Kowtow bleeding, rainstorm pollution Chen Zi 56. After nine layers of darkness, tears touch my lips. Establish a code for history and promote a fellow to be a general. Be careful not to say this, this statement is no longer tolerated! Annotate translation sentences annotate lines: stop at night during the journey. Western suburb: the western suburb of Chang 'an. Year of the snake: The second year of Kaicheng was Ding Sinian, belonging to a snake. Jianwuyue: A work called "Building an Ugly Moon", twelfth month, December. Liang: Liangzhou. Qin: Chang 'an. Ji: crossing. Wei: The Weihe River flows through Baoji and Meixian to Chang 'an South. Chè: Stretch out to describe germination. Jiāo roll: scorched and curled. Ji Li: Ji Li and Bi generally refer to wild trees. Yiyi: I like it very much. It describes my thoughts. I can't bear to leave right away. And the door: at home. Chen: A detailed statement. Right auxiliary: refers to the Gyeonggi area west of Chang 'an. Me: Send a message. Mubo: The local chief executive. Six relatives: refers to the nearest relatives. Li: Pottery for holding wine. Side wife: side room, outer wife. Secretary of State Tao Jun: Presided over state affairs, referring to the post of Prime Minister. Scratch: Excuse me. Economy: the outline of the imperial court. Fierce generation: refers to the arrogant border generals. Miscellaneous herding: Bian will be mixed with local officials who should be Confucian ministers and govern the people at will. Except Grant: Appoint an official position. Lucky minister: the emperor's favorite minister. Slaughtering: Slaughtering refers to the exploitation and mutilation of the broad masses of people in the Central Plains. China: Central Plains. Long arm: good at shooting. Li Guangshan shot, his arm as long as an ape. Change horses: An Lushan is fat. Every time he went to Chang 'an, he changed twice as many horses as a man, and there was a "doctor changing horses" between the stations. Finger care: finger care, swaggering. Mín: Heaven is the metaphor of the emperor. Grand court: The emperor met with ministers on major festivals. Qiān: hang up and open. (Ji ǐ n): Pride. Pity: boast. Xu: Show off. Xikou: An Lushan has many seats in the army. Raft (fān): Baffles on both sides of ancient carriages to stop dust and dirt. Li (Gu): Every time. Control the chewing and reins of animals. Youku: the place where the central government of the Tang Dynasty kept state taxes. Axle: Shuttle and reed in loom. This refers to the loom. Abdominal apology: not enough food. Copper and lead: refers to money. Juansmoke: kitchen smoke. Que (què): levy。 Chán: Long spear with iron handle and short spear. Temperance: discipline and book making. Yamen: the place where the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty discussed politics. Deacon: The villager's name is Li Shangyin. Guo Cuo: refers to the shrinking of the area controlled by the imperial court. Dr Niu: It refers to Zheng Zhu. Blindness: Zheng Zhu is nearsighted, so he is called blindness. Supply 1 100 million yuan: supply settlement. Child: Children laugh. Pavilion noon: noon. No reason: no way. It is said that there are many poor people and thieves, and it cannot be solved by catching them. Barren: the wilderness is remote. Meiwu: Located in the north of Shan County, Shaanxi Province. Chen Cang: East of Baoji County, Shaanxi Province. Li: Rule, people in the Tang Dynasty used the word "Li" to avoid the taboo of Emperor Li Zhi. Chén: The name of Tang Palace refers to the imperial court. In December of the following year, I returned to Western Qin from Liangzhou. Go out of the junior pass from the south and cross the Wei River bank to the north. Most of the vegetation is spreading and sprouting, unlike the freezing and snowy winter morning; However, it seems that in the hot summer, it is curled up without water. The highlands are covered with oak trees and the lowlands are covered with hazelnuts. Farm tools were abandoned on the road, and cows starved to death on the empty dock. I walked through the village sadly, and all ten families were spared. The living are crying on their backs, and there is no welcome to wear. At first, I was afraid of being asked something. It was not until the beginning that I told the whole story. The fields in Youfu District are barren, and hardworking people often suffer from poverty. It used to be called Xanadu, relying on the benevolent policies of the officers. Sir, honesty is like ice jade, and petty officials are like relatives. I gave birth to a son without an expedition, and I gave birth to a daughter and married my neighbor. Home-brewed muddy wine is full of tiles, and aged rice grains are piled up in Man Cang. A strong man protects his consorts, while a frail old man caresses his grandson. Moreover, since Zhenguan, most of the appointed officials are civil servants. As usual, the county is a good official and transferred to the prime minister to govern the country and the people. Then in the Kaiyuan period, evil spirits disturbed the state power. Duke Xiang of Jin avoided hurting good ministers in power and tried to appoint border officials. Therefore, those fierce guys were called to govern the peaceful people at will. Since then, the Central Plains has been plagued by disasters, and the appointment of officials is not up to the Lord. Either from a favored servant or due to the special grace of the emperor. People in the Central Plains suffered from slaughter, but slaves and running dogs were tired of eating fat dolphins. The crown prince was framed to death, but the imperial concubine adopted the conference semifinals. Reward China's financial resources and strengthen the army to control the northern border. There are as many as 200 thousand foot soldiers who draw bows, all of whom are as strong as gibbons. His residence is three thousand miles from the capital. He is as fast as an eagle and a kite. Change a good horse every five miles and hold a banquet every ten miles. His fingers and eyes are enough to shake the sky, and his face is cold enough to melt Kun. The ministers of the DPRK were insulted, laughed at and abandoned like dung pills. The Grand Court will summon local officials, and the son of heaven will personally meet with the minister. Colorful flags are flying in the morning light, and the throne is facing the cigarette. The golden rooster barrier has been set up for him, and the bead curtain in front of the couch has been lifted high. He sat in front of the royal sofa, proudly ignoring his beard. Those who offended him immediately died at their feet, and the guitar player was promoted. Rich and powerful people boast about their extravagance, while powerful people woo each other. In this way, people's goodwill is lost, and extortion is becoming more and more frequent. The rebels of the Xi nationality invaded from the northeast, and their actions were as rapid as being turned upside down. At this time, North Korea was forgetting the war, and most of the heavy troops were stationed on the northwest border. Towns along the Yellow River planted rebel flags in the early morning. I only heard the enemy riding straight into the city, but I couldn't see the officers and men guarding the city wall. Older women cry with their children in their arms, and younger women climb into the trunk to escape. People who grew up in peacetime don't even know to close the door at night. All the boys confessed, and the old, the weak and the sick stayed in the empty village. Life and death, but not swearing, tears linger in the autumn clouds. Courtiers fear like roebuck, and people flee like thin sheep. I surrendered to clean up the Shang Yang Palace for the thief, and also to help the thief defend Tongguan. People look at Nan Dou and miss the emperor. I don't know when it will be a total victory. As we all know, it's been a long time since the beginning of the world, and it's time to encounter such a huge disaster and chaos. Rebellious princes want to usurp political power, and generals who have not rebelled also threaten to invite senior officials. How do you distinguish an owl from a phoenix? Not once for thousands of war horses, not once for ten thousand chariots. Empty city, rats and birds are bound to die, and after people go, only wolves howl. Southeast wuyue's wealth dried up, and the rich Heyuan in the west fell. As a result, all the treasures paid by the royal family were used up, leaving only a few empty walls. This is like a person who should have a complete body, but now he has a left side and no right side; Half of the muscles are atrophied and paralyzed, and the elbows and armpits are full of body odor. Emperors of all dynasties have suffered such humiliation, but it is hard to tell in their hearts. Ministers planning state affairs stood up and warned each other, and no one dared to take the initiative. All walks of life in the country are in decline, and the court treasury is short of money. The soldier stood in the ice and snow, hungry and thin. Most salaries are out of date, and prices are soaring. Copper coins are mixed with lead. Huashan is adjacent to the Yellow River in the east, and the smoke is still there. The imperial court has no time to take care of the supply of soldiers on the border, but the people have worked hard all the year round to get food for half a year. Hong merchants collect goods tax, and houses mainly pay for delivery. The buffer zone got in the way and made a mess. The imperial court sent the banned books to the door and gave them the highest official title. The annihilated warlords have been eliminated, and the unstable buffer zone is waiting and delaying. The courtesy of the imperial court has long lost the sense of honor of the monarch and his subjects, and netting the buffer region is like treating Qiang zero. I just ask them to show a little sincerity and hope that the whole situation can be saved. In the majestic yamen hall, the prime minister ate eight treasures after careful consideration. I dare ask your Excellency: who is in charge of relative power now? The wounds of this country have been festering for decades, and no one dares to dig its roots. The smaller the territory, the heavier the taxes, the less populated it is, and the higher the requirements for corvee. In recent years, Zheng Zhu, a boy who is waiting for cattle, has colluded with the villain over there and climbed up. The confused blind man held the banner of the army and made the capital Xifan here. He delights in misfortune, forgets his old enemies, and his henchmen are even more impetuous. Although born with fear, die without regret. A sharp knife cut off his head and hung it like a pig and sheep in the market. From Fengxiang to Chang 'an for 300 miles, the imperial army and horses were as cruel as thieves. Military orders were issued in the middle of the night, and fifteen thousand troops were stationed here. The village was frightened by the huge military supplies, and every household ran around to help the old and the young. The newborn grandson can't laugh yet, and his family won't show sadness when they throw it away. I don't care where I run, I just want to die in the mountains. Then, three years later, the rain didn't come this spring. The robbers came out in broad daylight and asked who it was, mostly poor people. I'm afraid I can't tell a story if I want to catch a thief. You can't meet each other at a distance, because the long drought and no rain are filled with rehmannia dust. The officers and men wore bows and arrows around their waists, claiming to patrol for the people. I'm always afraid to meet in a lonely place. These guys will hurt pedestrians. I'm sorry I can't tell you the details of the problem. Please get up early and don't delay. From Nanwu to Chencang, dusk is the most taboo for traveling here. I listened to the complaints of the villagers, and my heart was burning with anger. It is said that the ancient state of Jin appointed literati to form an association, and the thieves fled to other places as soon as they heard about it. It is also said that governing the country depends on personnel, not on the sky. For these things, I am willing to show my heart to the monarch. Even if the kowtow is stained with blood, it will be stained all over the palace where the monarch and his subjects haunt. The nine-fold forbidden door is dark and isolated, so I have to touch my lips in vain. The petty official suddenly became a minister, and the slave actually became a general. Never say these words again, they make me unbearable. Creative background: In the spring of 837, the second year of Kaicheng in Tang Wenzong, Li Shangyin was a scholar. He has thought deeply about national politics. In autumn and winter, Li Shangyin was seriously ill when his teacher Ling Huchu was appointed as my envoy on Shannan West Road, and he rushed from Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) to Xingyuan House (now Hanzhong, Shaanxi). In that year1February, Li Shangyin returned to Chang 'an from Xingyuan to pay tribute to Hu Chu, passing through the western suburbs of Beijing. He witnessed and heard that the country was in decline and was worried. He wrote this long political poem and put forward his own political views. Overall Appreciation of the Works This poem sums up the history of the rise and fall of a generation, exposes all kinds of corruption in the Tang Dynasty, points out that the root cause of national chaos lies in the perverse actions of those in power, boldly condemns the ministers who lived a vegetarian life in North Korea, and points the criticism at the supreme ruler. The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs. The first paragraph, from the beginning to "the door is still old", describes the desolate and dilapidated countryside seen through the western suburbs, and describes and discusses the decline of the Tang Dynasty in the words of villagers. In the second paragraph, from "the right auxiliary field is sparse" to "avoiding dusk here", the villagers describe the rise and fall of the rebellion from the early Tang Dynasty to the early adulthood and reveal its roots. It can be divided into four parts. The first section traces back to the scene of social stability and prosperity in the early Tang Dynasty, and then describes that since the end of Kaiyuan, Li conspired against the DPRK, the Anshi rebellion was domineering, the centralization was weakened, the forces of the buffer regions expanded, and the people were in poverty. In the second quarter, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, the rebels advanced, the people were displaced, the emperors and officials fled, the buffer region seized the opportunity to rebel, and the country was in unprecedented chaos. The third section describes the situation of financial exhaustion, heavy taxes and arrogance in the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion. The poet criticized those in power for being corrupt and incompetent, which shamed the country. The fourth section describes the natural and man-made disasters suffered by the western suburbs of Chang 'an since the Ganlu incident, and the people were forced to be "thieves". In the third paragraph, from "I'll listen to this" to the end of the article, I expressed my concern for state affairs and put forward the viewpoint of "harmony between man and nature". The author traces the rise and fall of the rebellion in the Tang Dynasty. Comparing the past with the present, the poet thinks that showing the merits and demerits of central and local officials is the foundation of national rebellion. Whether the center can win the hearts of the people is particularly critical. The reason for the social stability and prosperity in the early Tang Dynasty was "following the example of the virtuous to graze and enrich the people and recruit Tao Jun", and "evil spirits scratching the economy" was the root of the country's decline from prosperity to decline. The poet attacked the "advisers" and "courtiers" who held hands and were timid, accused the prime minister of "ulcer and gangrene for decades, and dared not seek the roots", exposed the corruption of "making the code a minister and making the same people a general" and criticized the incompetence of the feudal supreme ruler. Poetry involves all aspects of social crisis: the separatist rebellion in the buffer region, the brutality of eunuchs, the arrogance and extravagance of rulers, the increasing poverty of the people, the financial crisis and the weakness of the military. From specific local events and problems, the author extends to the all-round investigation and reflection on the history of the rise and fall of the Tang Dynasty and political, economic and military issues since the founding of the People's Republic of China, with a broad vision and great momentum. The whole article is permeated with a strong sense of crisis, which embodies the poet's political sensitivity and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Nearly 70 years before the collapse of the Tang Dynasty, the poet was able to express the deep crisis of the Tang Dynasty so clearly and sharply, which shows his political sensitivity and courage. This poem is a clear sign that Li Shangyin learned from Du Fu. In terms of conception and expression, they put forward "Northern Expedition" and "reciting 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian", in which the villagers' discussion and description are similar to "three officials and three parting". The whole article is both epic and political. Narration has both detailed description and macro generalization; See you talk wisely and have strong feelings. The language is concise, vivid and natural, and it is magnificent in one go. Famous experts commented on Hu Zhenheng's Tang Qian: How to Restore Tianbao? The last thing I did was the latest thing, which made you look good. He Chao's Reading the Secretary of Yimen in Qing Dynasty: These masterpieces can be called "the history of poetry" and should be handed down together with Shaoling's Northern Expedition. Yao Peiqian's Notes on Li Yishan's Poems in Qing Dynasty: Starting with sixteen sentences, I visited the western suburbs and witnessed the bleak weather. From "the door is still old" to "dusk is forbidden here", all the events from Kaiyuan to adulthood are told by residents, which will always lead to this bleak reason. From "Let me listen to this" to the end, it is a self-narrative poem. The great cause of chaos lies in the advance of evil; It is unwise for you to listen to evil deeds. What the above residents said is the reason for this failure. This statement is so old-fashioned, it is recommended to separate every day. I'm afraid the weather in Xiao Suo is getting worse and worse, and courtiers can't stand it. Qu Fu, born in Yuxi in Qing Dynasty: a scene after the Syrian rebellion. Two adherents told the whole story of chaos and death. Three emotional knots. Mengxing Cheng's Notes on the Revision of Li Yishan's Poems in Qing Dynasty: This poem is divided into six paragraphs. The first paragraph begins with the sentence "Sri Lankan people often suffer from poverty". It is said that they have been destroyed by what they have seen. The second paragraph, from "Iraq was once called the promised land" to "Tao Jun", tells that the capital was very rich that day. In the third paragraph, from "falling into Kaiyuan" to "feeling ashamed at elbow and armpit", it is said that Xuanzong was lucky in Shu. The fourth paragraph, from "the sage is humiliated" to "the human service is sparse and complicated", is about Dezong's dedication to heaven. In the fifth paragraph, from "Dr. Niu in recent years" to "Why did you die in the mountains", it is a sweet thing to say that literate Sect. From "two to three years old" to the end of the sixth paragraph, it is said that current affairs are ignored and blamed on improper employment. However, from a paragraph to a paragraph, it is mainly based on employing people. For example, in the heyday of Zhenguan, there were "many Confucian officials" and "recruiting Tao Jun". Xu Kaiyuan's decline said that "evil spirits scratched the economy" and "Gong Jin avoided it". The rebellion in Syria and Jianzhong said that "the adviser surrendered" and "who is in charge of his power now"; The change of Syria and Taihe is said to be "blind arrogance" and "how arrogant the party is." The purpose of this poem is also. Tian Lanfang, Hao's Notes on Yuxi Sheng Poetry, said: Not engraving is the old Yuefu law. Tang people can only compare with Lao Du, and Nanshan is inferior. Feng Hao said: Simple and gloomy, Duke Du's "Northern Expedition" has a different look and is calm. Ji Yun's poems about Yuxi's life in Qing Dynasty: It is also a genre of Changqing, which must draw lessons from the style of the Ministry of Industry, so it is uneven, of good quality and strong bones. Is there such a second hand in the late Tang Dynasty? "I listened to" the following, dripping wet in Bo, so that the party received a big poem. Guan Shiming's Preface to Reading Tang Poems in Qingxueshan House: Li Yishan's Hundred Rhymes in the Western Suburb is a continuation of Shaoling and two great poems with Han Bei. Xiao Yuan Poetics by Zhu Tingzhen in Qing Dynasty: a five-character poem, which begins with the chapter of Yuefu Peacock Flying Southeast, followed by Cai Wenji's Sorrow. The Ministry of Industry in the Tang Dynasty wrote two northern expeditions, and Feng Huai and Western Henan wrote a western suburb, which was enough to compete. Author brief introduction Li Shangyin (about 8 12 or 813-about 858), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Yishan,No. Yuxi Sheng, Fan Nansheng. Originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang City, Henan Province), he was born in Xingyang City, Henan Province (now Xingyang City, Henan Province). Caught in the struggle between Niu and Li, I was frustrated all my life. After his death, he was buried in his hometown Xingyang. Poetry has achieved great success. Together with Du Mu, he was called "Little Du Li" and Wen was called "Wen Li", which was similar to Duan Hewen in the same period, and both of them ranked sixteenth in the family, so they were called "Thirty-six Style". There are 300 Tang poems, including 22 poems by Li Shangyin, ranking fourth. His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems are lingering and memorable. But it is too obscure to be solved. There is a saying that "poets love Quincy, but only hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng". There are poems by Li Yishan.