Autumn Residence in Ba Shang
Ma Dai
The wind and rain are calm in Ba Yuan,
We can see flying geese frequently in the evening.
The deciduous trees in a foreign country,
The lonely night in the cold lamp.
White dew drops in the empty garden,
There are wild monks on the solitary wall.
I have been lying in the suburbs for a long time.
When did I get this body?
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The poem writes about the loneliness and bleakness of autumn when a guest lives in Ba Shang. The first couplet describes the desolate autumn air above Bayuan. The autumn wind and autumn rain have settled, and the wild geese are flying frequently. The couplet describes the sadness of seeing fallen leaves in a foreign land and being alone on a cold night. The neck couplet describes the silence of the autumn night, lying down listening to the dripping dew, being lonely and helpless, and being neighbors with monks, which further expresses the lonely state of mind. The last couplet expresses the poet's emotion, expressing his grief and indignation of not being able to realize his talent and having little success. The descriptions of scenes are simple and unpretentious, and the descriptions of emotions are sincere and touching.
This poem is purely about the feeling of being behind closed doors. The whole poem is like a picture with vivid images and exquisite art. We opened it slowly, and the first thing that caught our eyes was the desolate autumn atmosphere over Bayuan: the melancholy autumn wind and rain did not stop until the evening. In the dusk sky, one after another geese rushed from north to south. fly by. Continuous wind and rain have delayed the geese's journey a lot. Finally, the wind and rain stopped, and they had to find a place to stay before dark. The word "frequency" is used here, which not only shows the large number of wild geese, but also reminds people of the anxious state of the wild geese eager to stay. The ancients easily felt homesick every time they saw wild geese returning. Next, we continue to open the scroll, and the scene gradually changes from the vast sky to the ground, to the protagonist in the poem. I saw yellow leaves falling from the trees in the wind and rain, and a visitor living in the solitary temple was looking at the solitary lantern, silently lost in thought. The phrase "deciduous trees in a foreign country" is worth pondering. There is an old saying in China that goes, "The trees are thousands of feet high, and the leaves fall back to their roots." The poet couldn't help but feel something when he saw the scene of fallen leaves in a foreign country. I am detained in a different place. When can I return to my hometown of Donghai (now southwest of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province)? The sadness of his mood completely penetrates between the lines of this poem. "A man alone at night under a cold lamp", with the word "cold" and the word "alone", describes the desolate and lonely situation among guests. It is not difficult to imagine: a lamp is like a bean, accompanied by a lonely figure. The night was deep and the chill was heavy. Surrounded by the cold air, the lights seemed even more dim and powerless, and the poet's lonely and miserable mood also deepened. "Cold" and "alone" play a role in contrasting each other: the cold lamp shows that the night is long and unbearable, and the loneliness makes the cold even more pressing.
The fifth and sixth sentences move the scroll downwards. It not only shows a larger space and more detailed scenery, but also shows the poet's state of mind in a superb way. At this time of night, people were quiet, and even the autumn insects had stopped singing. There was only the sound of dewdrops falling on the dead leaves, one drop after another, although it was very faint, but very clear. This sentence "White dewdrops in an empty garden" uses the technique of "motion" to contrast "quietness", which can express the silence of the environment better than writing silent silence. The sound of dewdrops not only did not break the silence of the long night, but made people feel more relaxed. It felt eerily quiet. Just imagine, you can even hear the sound of dewdrops. What could be more silent than this? The next sentence "The lonely monk is next to the wild monk" is also a foil. He clearly wanted to say that he was alone and helpless, but he also mentioned that he had a neighbor, and this neighbor turned out to be a monk who had disappeared from the world and was like a wandering cloud and wild crane. With such a wild monk as his neighbor, the loneliness of the poet's situation becomes even more prominent. These two sentences further describe the poet's state of mind while describing the scene: even the sound of dewdrops can be heard in the solitary room on the autumn night, which shows that his thoughts are ups and downs and he has been sleepless all night; and there is only a wild monk as his neighbor, which shows that He was thinking that he had been thrown out of the world, and he didn't know when this life would end. It is precisely because of this that the last two sentences of the poem naturally connect with the previous description without appearing abrupt.
The last two sentences directly express the poet's emotion: "I have been living in the suburbs for a long time. When did I get here?" The poet came to Chang'an in order to obtain an official position. , Chang'an East) has been living here for a long time and has never found a way to enter the world. Therefore, this place frankly expresses the plight of not being able to find talents and the slim hope of entering the world.
This poem describes the scenery, which is what you see before your eyes, and does not embellish it; when describing the feelings, it focuses on true feelings and does not make unnecessary moans. Therefore, although the subject matter is not new, it still has a strong artistic appeal.
(Wang Song)
Ma Dai
(775-?), named Yuchen, a native of Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province, some say Hebei or Jiangsu people . After repeated attempts, he failed to pass, and it was not until the fourth year of Wuzong Huichang that he was awarded the Jinshi. In the early years of Xuanzong's reign, he was the secretary of Taiyuan Muzhong. Because of his outspokenness, he was demoted to the rank of Lieutenant of Longyang (now Hanshou, Hunan), and later became Dr. Taichang. The style of poetry is similar to that of Jia Dao, and Yan Yu believes that his rhythmic poetry is superior to that of others in the late Tang Dynasty.
His works include "Autumn Residence in Bashang" and "Nostalgia on the Chu River"