Song dynasty: Lu you
The arrow at the waist has withered, and there is no time to breathe.
Lao Tzu is still as good as the desert, why do you cry for a new pavilion?
A national mourning, people's temples are no longer green.
Recalling the rivers and lakes, lying and smelling the new geese falling cold.
translate
I haven't used an arrow hanging around my waist for a long time. They all lost their feathers. Lamented that Ran Yan did not carve the story of the victory of the Northern Expedition. I can also cross the desert and fight in the battlefield. How can you scholars cry in vain in the new pavilion? I use it to serve my country, even if I die; Temples are gray and can't turn black any more. I only remember my boat's berthing position on the rivers and lakes, lying on the collapse, listening to the geese fall on the autumn water continent. A year has passed, and my ambition has not been completed!
Distinguish and appreciate
This poem describes the author's white-haired grief and indignation despite his ambition to serve the country. Poets in ancient and modern times lamented that many old people changed hands with the passage of time, but most of them started from their personal experiences and their realm was not high. Land travel is different. He lamented that his temples were gray and could no longer be green, because his ambition to serve his country was not rewarded. Therefore, its sadness contains profound and extensive contents, with lofty and heroic colors. This kind of connection is a "flowing pair" but it is also an after-the-fact connection, not a cause and effect, but a contradiction. It is from the strong contradiction that readers feel the profundity of the content and have reverence for the poet. Lu You's similar poems also include "Confidence in the Great Wall, the sideburns in the mirror have faded first".
This is a seven-character poem written in a shrine in Yinshan, when the author had lived at home for nine years. Yin Shan is a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. The author often visits the landscape near the village by boat and stops at the water village at night as an impromptu work. The first couplet is about the loneliness of retreating to the countryside, leaving the battlefield for a long time and being unable to resist the enemy. "The arrow has withered for a long time", which shows the depression of his seclusion. "Ran Yan didn't write an inscription", and the book "Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty" was written: Dou Xian went north to the Xiongnu, pursued Khan, climbed Mount Yanran (now Hang 'ai Mountain in Mongolia), and made meritorious deeds by carving stones. Ran Yan didn't strangle, which means that the enemy has not been destroyed and victory has not been achieved. This method of linking layers, "long dead", means that the characters have been abandoned for a long time and have long been lost and depressed; "reactive fame" means that ambition is hard to pay, and it is even more resentment. From the beginning, it laid an emotional tone of frustration and sadness.
Zhuan Xu expressed his wish that "the martyrs are full of courage in their twilight years" and criticized those powerful people who did not resist and did nothing in the face of foreign aggression. The last sentence means that when a gentleman sinks into China, he should "die of national disaster and swear to die suddenly." How can he die of old age safely? A word "Jude" shows his attitude of not to be outdone. The book "Never Desert" in The Biography of Han General Wei is the language that Emperor Wu praised Huo Qubing. Temples rustle, still heroic and dry, dreaming of galloping in the desert and the battlefield in blood shed; This reflects that the civil servants and military commanders of the imperial court only know how to bow to the strong Lu and cede territory for peace, but they do not consider the servility of fighting for it. (The other is the legend that Lao Zi (Li Er) rode a green ox to go through the customs and was completely enlightened in the desert. ) "Why are you crying in the new pavilion?" Published a book "Talking about New Words and Expressions in the World": "Every time you cross the river, every time you visit the United States and Japan, you should invite a new pavilion and hold a flower banquet. Zhou Houzhong sat and sighed:' Different scenery, different mountains and rivers!' They all shed tears at each other. Only Prime Minister Wang suddenly changed color and said,' When * * * and the royal family Qi Xin work together to defeat China, how can they be prisoners of Chu!' The author used this code name to express his dissatisfaction with the cowardly and fatuous mental outlook of the people who lived in the temple when the country broke down and died.
Necklace reveals the contradiction between wasting time and long-cherished wishes. Although my personal strength is small and my life is short, I am willing to die 10 thousand times in order to save the country. The sharp contrast between "one" and "ten thousand" clearly expresses a person's patriotism and good talk about the country. This is the real floor. The phrase "the temples will never be green again" means that time waits for no one, and the temples are covered with frost, so it is impossible to regain the blue and black color, expressing the grief and indignation at the empty throwing of the Spring Festival and the hard-won youth. Even if I have the ambition to "sacrifice my life for my country and dare to cherish my life", who can understand my painstaking efforts and my sigh? These two sentences are the eyes of the whole poem
Wei Lian exposed the topic of poetry and wrote back the lonely scene of his idle water village. You think, an old man, far away in the rivers and lakes, watched the war fade away, the iron horse passed away, the drums quietly died away, and the land of the Great Song Dynasty was slaughtered. How can his heart not hurt like a knife! "Sleeping at night listening to the wind and rain, iron horse glacier dream", but after waking up, I saw the new geese looking for it in the cold Tingzhou, where can I settle down! How can this not make people cry? These two sentences are expressed through images and indirect lyricism.
The whole poem is based on the scene seen in the water town at night, but it jumps to the ambition of serving the country and sends deep feelings. "A strong man is miserable and idle in his later years" (Lu You's "Illness"), but he has no choice but to serve the country. The profound contradiction between ideal and reality is a fundamental reason for this poem's generous elegy. Proper use of allusions, natural language, full emotion and "muddy flow" (Zhao Yi language) make this poem present a heavy and heroic atmosphere in elegy.
Creation background
This poem was written in Yin Shan in the autumn of the ninth year of Xichun (1 182). Poets in this period, while expressing their thoughts on landscapes and praising rural life, never forgot the world and national conditions for a moment. This poem describes the poet's patriotic feelings of being old and strong, and the profound contradiction between ideal and reality. The poem is solemn and stirring, and the pen is vigorous.