Han Yu
Li Du’s article is as bright as ever.
If you don’t know how stupid people are, it’s just for slander!
It is ridiculous to think that a small insect shakes a big tree.
After Yiwo was born, he raised his neck and looked at each other from a distance.
Dreams are common at night, and thoughts during the day are vague.
Only observe the chisel marks of the axe, but not the control of water and navigation.
When I want to use my hand, the giant blade will sharpen the sky.
The cliffs collapse and collapse, and the universe is shaken by thunder.
But these two husbands and wives have a desolate home.
The emperor wanted to chant for a long time, so he sent him to stand still.
Cut the feathers and put them in a cage to watch hundreds of birds flying.
Thousands of chapters in my life are full of golden leaves.
The immortal official ordered Liu Ding to take the general under thunder and lightning.
Those who live in the world are as small as a ray of light from Mount Tai.
I would like to have two wings and hunt them out of the wilderness.
Sincerity and sudden communication, all kinds of strange things enter my intestines.
The stinging hand pulls out the whale's teeth and lifts the gourd to drink the heavenly liquid.
The body is covered with sweat, without the Weaver Girl's embroidery.
Gu Yu’s friend on the ground: The business is not too busy!
I beg you to wear the flying clouds and compete with me.
The representatives of the highest achievement of Chinese classical poetry should be the poets Li Bai and Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty. This understanding was gradually formed and determined with the development of Chinese literature. , can be said to be the origin of Li and Du’s Shuangfeng theory.
The whole poem can be divided into two parts: an introduction to Li Bai and an expression of his own creative pursuits. The poet started writing like a thunderstorm, and used the brilliance to compare the poetic achievements of Li Bai and Du Fu, which makes people feel like they are standing tall at the top of a mountain. . Then the poet condescendingly laughed at the stupid group of people who slandered Li Du, comparing them to small insects trying to shake the big tree without knowing their own limits. Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, scholars have mostly respected Wang and Mencius but not Li and Du, and one-sidedly opposed them between Li and Du, favoring one over the other. After Yuan Zhen extolled the profoundness and profoundness of Du's poems, he actually said that Li Bai was worthless: "How can he not be able to compare with his vassal and Han dynasty?" This is really a prejudice based on his own good. Han Yu, however, defied all opinions and promoted Li and Du together. His knowledge was indeed superior to that of his contemporaries. "Li and Du's articles are as long as the flames of glory" is a deafening cry that has been accepted by future generations and has become an eternal comment.
Li Du's achievements were so brilliant that later generations could only "raise their necks and look at each other from a distance". Moreover, the images created by their poems can be seen in dreams, but cannot be recognized when they are awake. The true meaning revealed in it is like a fairy mountain on the sea, "It is difficult to find faith in the vast mist." The poet's praise of Li Du's poems does not stop at intuition. He also goes deep into Li Du's creative methods and artistic characteristics. Through wonderful associations, he outlines it into a chaotic picture of Dayu's flood control in ancient times: a giant standing tall and towering, Swinging the sharp ax, with a thunderous roar, it split the mountains and ridges, and the raging floods rushed out of the gorges, unable to be stopped once launched. This vivid and majestic description exaggerates yet truly reflects Li Du's high artistic achievement of "poems that are astounding to ghosts and gods".
Li Bai and Du Fu’s poetry creations were like the sun and the moon, but their life experiences were extremely unfortunate. Han Yu gave a unique "explanation" to this. Li Du was not an ordinary person. In order to keep them chanting, the Emperor of Heaven deliberately made their lives difficult and made them go through ups and downs, just like a divine bird with its feathers cut off and locked in a cage, watching the birds fly in pain. The thousands of poems they wrote in their sorrow and anger are magnificent and colorful. But most of these golden and jade-like poems were taken back to heaven by the divine soldiers and generals, leaving only a fraction of them like Mount Tai. These few sentences are combined with the opening sentence "Li and Du's articles are still there, and their glory is endless." It means that if their articles had not been lost, their glory would have been even higher. No wonder future generations want to praise them as "poetry immortals" , "Poetry Saint".
Han Yu admired Li Du's poetic achievements to the extreme, but he did not "look at the peaks and rest his mind" in front of the confronting twin peaks ("Books with Zhu Yuan"), but hoped to grow wings, Soaring up to the blue sky, following the traces of Li Du's poetic soul to the ends of the earth. Once you communicate with him sincerely, all kinds of poetic thoughts will well up in your chest. It may be like growing the teeth of a whale in the middle of the sea, which is extremely powerful; or it may be like drinking the nectar from the heavenly palace, feeling heartily; or it may be like swimming in the vast sky, getting rid of all the restraints of the world. In the last four sentences of the poem, the poet expressed hope for his student and friend Zhang Ji: Don't look for chapters and sentences and run in a miserable way, and spread your wings with yourself in the unfettered heaven! Han Yu's hope is not only his hope for Zhang Ji, but also for Zhang Ji. This outstanding poet of New Yuefu is more "detached" and reiterates his idea of ??"catching out the wilderness" and pursuing dangerous and powerful poetry.
When commenting on Han Yu’s poetic style, Sikong Tu said: “The Han officials wrote hundreds of poems, and their driving momentum was like setting off thunder and lightning, supporting the boundary between heaven and earth, and the shape of things changed strangely. Inspiring and breathing." This overall style characteristic of Han poetry is concentratedly expressed in "Tiao Zhang Ji". The incredible exaggerated imaginations in the poem are so appropriate when you taste them carefully; the poem has the momentum to overcome all the surging excitement, but the structure of the whole poem is still interlocking and natural. Han Yu's skill lies in seeking "dangerous" Weird" without being absurd. As Zhu Yizun commented, Han Yu's "argumentative poems are of a different tone, superior to old age, and others do not have such courage."
Indeed, "Tiao Zhang Ji" for the first time in the history of Chinese literature clearly pushed Li Bai and Du Fu to the pinnacle of Chinese poetry art, and at the same time gave a vivid explanation of the creative principles of his poetry art.
Yuan Zhen wrote "On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Li and Du" (according to this, it is the epitaph of the Ministry of Industry, not a theory.), Du was first followed by Li. Han Tuizhi disagreed, and wrote in a poem: "Li Du's article is here, and the flames are as long as ten thousand feet..." It's a small hair.
Yuan Zhen claimed to know Lao Du, and he said: "It is Cao Liu who is superior, and Shen Song who is subordinate." When Han Yu came to Han Yu, he said: "Pull out the whale's teeth with your hand, and drink the liquid from the sky with your hand." Husband. As high as drinking wine from the sky, as quiet as pulling out the teeth of a whale, how far-reaching is his thought, but it stops at the time between Cao Liu and Shen Song? ([Song Dynasty] Wei Tai's "Poems of Living in Seclusion in the Han Dynasty")
Yuan Wei's work "On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Li and Du"... When it comes to retreat... it is no longer good or bad. Hong Qing was good at writing "Hanwen Dialectical" and wrote Wei Daofu's words (see Song Dynasty Wei Tai's "Linhan Seclusion Poetry"), saying that this poem is a minor work. Although Wei Zhi should not judge his own merits and demerits, but he calls Zhen a fool, does he mean to retreat? ([Song Dynasty] Zhou Zizhi's "Zhupo Poetry Talk")
Han Tuizhi's poem "Tiao Zhang Ji" He said: "The stinging hand pulls out the whale's teeth, and the gourd is used to drink the heavenly liquid." Wei Daofu said that it is as high as drinking the heavenly liquid, and as quiet as pulling out the whale's teeth. Its use is profound. ...the composition is mainly based on Qi. So what is the meaning of the sentence in "Tiao Zhang Ji"? (Volume 2 of Ge Lifang's "Yun Yu Yang Qiu") I wish I could have wings to chase after him. If you see that the book is based on ancient times, it should be regarded as authentic, and there is no use in diverging from it. Yuanwei respected Du and suppressed Li, while Changli respected both Li and Du, each with his or her own views. As for the so-called "group of children who are stupid", it refers to Wei Daofu's words, which cannot be quoted. (Shen Deqian's "Tang Poems")
This poem pays equal attention to both Li and Du, but its meaning is more focused on Li. You should know it yourself if you read it carefully. The seeing is true, so the belief is true, the words are true, and it is not the first good thing that is Yan Yan. The adjustment of meaning can be seen in the last four sentences. At that time, there may be some differences in opinions about poetry, so I took this opportunity to enlighten me.
(Cheng Xuexun's "Han Shi Hyun Shuo")