About the author: Lu Xun, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a declining feudal family. China is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern times, and the founder of modern literature in China.
Introduction: Flowers in the Morning are Picking Up in the Evening is the only collection of Lu Xun's reminiscence prose, which has always been highly praised. This book is a collection of Lu Xun's 1926' s reminiscence essays, with ten articles in total. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. At first, it was published in the semi-monthly "Mangyuan" with the theme of "recalling the past". 1927 July, Lu Xun re-edited it in Guangzhou, adding "introduction" and "postscript", and renamed it "Morning Flowers" when it was published in September 1928. It was published by Beijing Weiming Society in September of 1928 and listed as one of the "unknown new collections" compiled by the author. 1reprinted in February, 929. 1September, 932, the third edition was rearranged and published by Shanghai North New Bookstore. The cover of this book was painted by Tao. Spend early and spend late * * * earned 10 works. Including: dogs, cats and mice, hate and hate cats; I miss my big mother's Chang and Shan Hai Jing; Twenty-four filial piety pictures criticized the feudal concept of filial piety; Wu Canghui showed the shadow of feudal paternalism; Depicting impermanence, superstition and intoxicating messengers in legends; Write Jason Wu's "From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue"; Expose the quack's "father's disease"; Notes describing the evil and disgusting image of YanTaitai; Mr. Fujino, the Japanese teacher who appreciates Lu Xun most; Fan Ainong, a fellow countryman friend who was down and out all his life. Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening combine memories of the past with real life, which fully shows the author's great enthusiasm for caring about life and reforming society.
Writing background: When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. 1926 after the "March 18th" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "in memory of Liu Hezhen", angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, and was persecuted by the reactionary government, so he had to live a wandering life. He has taken refuge in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite the hard life, I wrote many prose poems and three essays, such as Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Canon Meetings and Impermanence, which were later compared with Dogs written by Lu Xun before his tragedy. Cat? Mice, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing were included in the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening".
1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun doesn't like Xiamen University, he concentrates on his courses, which are very popular with students. After his busy teaching work, Lu Xun wrote many works, including five essays: From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five other essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning.
Nikolai Alexeevich Ostrovsky's How Steel was Tempered.
About the author: ostrovsky, Russian playwright. 1823 was born in Moscow in April. I have been interested in drama since middle school. 1840 entered the law department of Moscow university and left school to work in the court three years later. His frequent contact with commercial lawsuits made him familiar with the merchant world and provided material for his future drama creation. Ostrovsky began to write in court. 1850 published the comedy "Family Easy to Settle Accounts", satirizing businessmen's ignorance and mercenary, and putting forward the business ethics crisis of son preference. Readers responded enthusiastically, but they were opposed by the business community, banned by the inspection authorities and monitored by writers. Poverty is not a crime (1854) was influenced by Slavs, and Chernyshevski criticized it. The flying sparrow (1856), especially Thunderstorm (1859), marks the maturity of ostrovsky's drama creation. In the 1960s, there were various themes in his plays, both historical and realistic. Among them, the comedy "The Wise Sometimes Nod" (1868) portrayed an unscrupulous profiteer, as well as a typical serf-owner and a boastful liberal who opposed reform. In the 1970s, his works included Forest (1870), Wolf and Sheep (1875) and Woman Without Marriage (1878), which mainly reflected the decline of aristocratic morality and the nature of bourgeois plunder. He also created the pantomime Snow Girl based on folk oral poems (1873). Dramatists in their later years paid great attention to the social attitude towards art, and wrote Celebrities and Promises (188 1) and Innocent People (1884), which expressed the life of actors. Ostrovsky's drama plots develop slowly and smoothly, and the language is concise, which can reflect the characters' personalities.
Introduction to the hero: The greatest achievement of the novel How Steel was Tempered is to successfully create a typical image of a new capitalist, Paul Kochakin, who was trained by the Bolshevik Party and tempered in a revolutionary bonfire and a difficult environment. He wrote a magnificent poem for the party and the people with his class stand of distinguishing love from hatred, lofty moral outlook, high revolutionary passion, magical vitality and iron will.
Paul is a self-conscious and selfless revolutionary fighter. He always puts the interests of the party and the motherland first. In the war years of blood and fire, Paul and his brothers galloped on the battlefield together, fighting bloody battles with foreign armed meddlers and white bandit troops to defend the Soviet regime, showing their dedication to the revolutionary cause and not being afraid of sacrifice. In those difficult years of healing the wounds of war and restoring the national economy, he devoted himself to peaceful labor with all his enthusiasm. Although he used to be an iron horse with blood, he didn't take credit and didn't consider personal fame and fortune. He just wants to do more for the party and the people. The party asked him to build the railway, and he went; The party asked him to be a league cadre, and he went, and he gave his life to do it. He can even sacrifice love for the revolution. He loved Ada, but influenced by the gadfly, he wanted to "devote himself completely to the revolutionary cause", so he left without saying goodbye in the form of gadfly. After paralysis and blindness, all he needs in life is to continue working for the party. As he said, "all my life and energy have been dedicated to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind."
Introduction: How Steel is Tempered is a novel that describes the growth process of new people and reveals their excellent qualities. This title vividly summarizes the ideological content he wants to express; The growth path and ideological character of my generation. Through Paul Kochakin's growth path, the novel tells people that only by defeating the enemy in the hardships and hardships of the revolution and defeating oneself in the great pressure of life, and only by linking their pursuit with the interests of the motherland and the people, can they create miracles and grow into iron soldiers. Revolutionaries are tempered into steel in struggle, which is an important theme of the novel. By revealing Paul's resolute character of daring to overcome any difficulties and hardships for the cause of the party and the people, the novel vividly tells the younger generation what is the ideal of productism and how to work hard for its understanding. What kind of life revolutionary soldiers should lead is another theme of the novel. What Paul said in mourning for his female comrade-in-arms, Valen's grave, is a confession of his materialistic outlook on life and an exposition of the theme of the novel:
"Life is the most precious thing for people, and life belongs to people only once. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back on the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, when he dies, he can say,' My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind.' "
The theme of the novel can be summarized as follows: one's life should be spent like Pavel Kozakin.
Title: Xiangzi Camel Author: Lao She
About the author: Lao She (1February 3, 899 ~1August 24, 966), aged 67, was born in Xiaoyangquan Hutong (now Xiaoyangjia Hutong) in the west of Beijing on February 3, 899, and was a poor Manchu family. Modern famous writers and outstanding language masters are known as "people's artists". Manchu is a native of Hongqi and Beijinger. His father is a Manchu guard. He was killed in the street fighting when Eight-Nation Alliance attacked Beijing. Lao She's pseudonym was originally used in the novel Lao Zhang's Philosophy. Other pen names include Qian Qing, Qian Yu, Feizi and Hongse.
Lao She worked hard all his life and created a lot. In 1930s, he became one of the most successful writers, with novels such as Xiaopo's Birthday, Cat City, Divorce, Legend of Niu Tianci, Camel Xiangzi and short stories such as Fair. After the publication of Camel Xiangzi, it became famous in the literary world and has been translated into more than a dozen foreign languages. His works in the 1940s include the novel Cremation, Four Generations under One Family, the novella My Life, the collection of short stories Anemia and Crescent Moon, and the collection of popular literature and art. The works of China people after the founding of the People's Republic of China mainly include the novel Under the Red Flag, the long reportage There is a Name in Unknown Heights, the collection of essays and scripts. Lao She's literary creation lasted for 40 years, and his works mostly focused on the life of urbanites, with clear love and hate and a strong sense of justice. The characters are distinct and the details are true. He can master the language skillfully, and is good at accurately using Beijing dialect to express characters and describe events, so that his works have a strong local color and a strong flavor of life. Lao She won people's love with his satirical and humorous style. 195 1 year, Beijing Municipal People's Government awarded him the honorary title of "People's Artist".
Introduction: Camel Xiangzi tells the tragic story of Xiangzi, a rickshaw puller in the old city of Beiping, China. Xiangzi came from the countryside, and the declining countryside made him unable to survive. He came to this city, eager to create a new life with his honest work. He tried all kinds of jobs and finally chose a rickshaw. This career choice shows that although Xiangzi left the land, his way of thinking is still the way of thinking of farmers. He is used to individual labor, and he is also eager to have a car as reliable as land. Buy a car and be an independent worker. "This is his wish, hope, and even religion." The city seems to have given Xiangzi a chance to realize his wish. Struggled for three years, bought a car, and was robbed in less than half a year. But Xiangzi still refused to give up his car dream. Although he doubted his pursuit and wavered several times, he kept pulling himself together and struggling again. It should be said that Xiangzi's tenacious character and stubborn attitude struggle with life, which constitutes the main plot content of the novel. The end of the struggle ended in Xiangzi's failure, and he finally failed to realize his dream of owning his own car. The realistic profundity of this novel lies in that it not only describes Xiangzi's material life deprived by the harsh living environment, but also describes Xiangzi's spiritual degeneration after his life ideal is destroyed. "He has no heart. His heart has been taken away." In this way, a hardworking and kind-hearted rural youth was transformed into a walking dead unemployed.
Based on the life of Beijing citizens in the late 1920s, this novel takes the bumpy and tragic life experience of rickshaw driver Xiangzi as the main plot, profoundly exposes the darkness of old China, accuses the ruling class of exploiting and oppressing laborers, and expresses the author's deep sympathy for the working people.
Theme: This paper denounces the immoral people who oppress the people, exposes the exploitation and oppression of laborers in the dark old society, expresses the author's deep sympathy for the working people, and criticizes selfish and narrow individualism.