Needless to say, Suzhou gardens are found in Suzhou, Shanghai and Wuxi.
Lingnan Garden is located in Qinghui Garden in Shunde, Guangdong, Yuyin Mountain Residence in Panyu, Keyuan Garden in Dongguan and Liangyuan Garden in Foshan.
Most of the royal gardens are in the north, and the large area reflects domineering.
Chengde mountain resort Dan, Beijing Summer Palace, Baoding Gulianchi.
Question 2: What are the famous classical gardens distributed in China?
1. Northern Classical Gardens
Because of its large area and wide range, northern gardens. Because most of them are located in 100 counties, the building is magnificent. Limited by natural meteorological conditions, there are few rivers, lakes, boulders and evergreen trees. Because the style is rough, the beauty and charm are insufficient. Representatives of northern gardens are mostly concentrated in Beijing, Xi, Luoyang and Kaifeng, especially in Beijing. For example, the Summer Palace in Beijing, Beihai Park, Gongwangfu and the Summer Resort in Chengde, Hebei.
2. Jiangnan classical gardens
The population in the south is relatively dense, so the garden area is small; Because there are many rivers and lakes, garden stones and evergreen trees, the garden scenery is more delicate and exquisite. Because of the above conditions, it is characterized by brightness, elegance, simplicity and deep twists and turns, but it is slightly cramped because of its small area. Representatives of southern gardens are mostly concentrated in Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other places, especially Suzhou. Such as Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, Lingering Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Netlion Garden and Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai.
3. Lingnan Classical Gardens
Because it is located in the subtropical zone, with evergreen seasons and many rivers, the gardening conditions are better than those in the north and south. Its obvious characteristics are tropical scenery and tall and spacious buildings. The existing Lingnan gardens include the famous Qinghui Garden in Shunde, Guangdong, Keyuan Garden in Dongguan and Yuyin Mountain Residence in Panyu.
Question 3: Where is the best classical garden in Henan?
When it comes to classical gardens in China, people will think of northern gardens represented by the Summer Palace and chengde mountain resort, and southern gardens represented by Suzhou Lingering Garden and Humble Administrator's Garden, but these seem to have little to do with Henan. The answer is yes, not only in the past, but also now.
writing
In the spring of A.D. 1750, Wang Chun, the magistrate of Huixian County, received a political task that might rewrite his fate. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty wanted to take his mother to inspect Huixian County.
Qianlong was in charge of the empire 15 years, and he was an emperor with a high aesthetic vision. He wants to follow his grandfather Kangxi six times to the south of the Yangtze River. Before leaving, he needs to find a venue similar to Zhong Ling Yu Xiu in the south of the Yangtze River for pre-rehearsal, so as to build a palace comparable to the royal garden and the southern garden.
In the northern part of Nuoda, Ganlong naturally set his sights on Huixian, an obscure small county in Henan.
Wang Chun, the county magistrate who received the order, took craftsmen to the south foot of Sumen Mountain, 40 miles northwest of the city, and paved stones around Bai Quan Lake, covering 34,000 square meters, transforming and restoring the landscape around Bai Quan Lake from generation to generation. After eight months of overtime work, a "Cuihua Palace" covering an area of 8 1 mu was finally reborn on the basis of Baiquan Academy in Ming Dynasty.
Baiquan garden
On the morning of September 20th, the 39-year-old Emperor Qianlong and the Empress Dowager helped the Empress Dowager to visit Sumen Mountain and Baiquan Lake. In the evening, Emperor Qianlong stayed in Cuihua Palace, accompanied by the Empress Dowager in Bailuyuan.
During his trip to Huixian in late autumn this year, Qianlong left eleven poems, six plaques and a couplet here.
Ganlong likes this palace very much. After returning to Beijing, he sent someone to copy the "comfortable nest" of Baiquan Garden, and built it in the Summer Palace according to its layout structure, and named it "Shaole Nest".
The "comfort zone" of Baiquan Garden in Huixian County is built on the mountain and lives by the lake. The layout of hiding wind and connecting water can be called the pinnacle of geomantic omen in China. His designer and user is Shao Yong, a great scholar and master of Yi Studies in Song Dynasty. One of the important reasons why Baiquan Garden can make Qianlong linger is that Shao Fuzi, who is proficient in Feng Shui and upright, carried out a series of "wise men enjoy water and be kind to others" when he lived here.
Comfortable nest
Who's Shao Yong? The "popular fried chicken" in the academic circles of the Northern Song Dynasty, the most famous master of Yi Studies at that time, also laid the foundation for the development of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. The philanthropist Shaw, a famous tycoon in Hong Kong, is his 34th generation grandson. Song Shi praised him as a "brilliant Ingram micro, which will remain immortal", and Cheng Yi and Zhu praised him even more.
Shao Yong, a famous scholar, has been giving lectures in Baiquan all the year round, and many people come from all over the world, including Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao and Zhou Dunyi, who came to Sumenshan to learn from Shao Yong.
Shao Yong Taiji Academy near Bai Quan Lake Mansion was famous all over the country as early as the end of the Five Dynasties, and its teaching content was mainly easy to learn. Therefore, the site selection also attaches great importance to the "harmony between man and nature", and the academy is built at the foot of Sumen Mountain and beside Baiquan Lake, paying attention to the influence of nature on students.
Shao Yong
Academy is a unique form of educational organization in ancient China. It is a relatively independent non-governmental academic research and education institution besides official schools, which is mainly founded by the people and integrates teaching research and book collection schools.
After Shao Yong, Zhu in Southern Song Dynasty, Yao Shu in Yuan Dynasty and Chu Cai gave lectures in Sumenshan Taiji Academy successively, and Baiquan Lake became the center of neo-Confucianism research in Central Plains. After it was renamed Baiquan Academy in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, it is still the "Mount Zhongnan" in the hermit world, the "* * *" in politics and the "Sanlitun" in the post-90 s.
What makes Bai Quan more famous are Confucian scholars Sun Qifeng and Mr. Xia Feng in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and they are called the three great Confucianism in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties together with Huang Zongxi and Li Erqu. In the Confucian monograph "The Case of Confucianism in Qing Dynasty", he was honored as "the great Confucian in Zhongzhou".
Sun Qifeng's 25 years of teaching and writing in Baiquan is also the 25 years of great development of Baiquan Academy, and people with lofty ideals come from all directions. According to the Xia Feng Chronicle, there are 200 disciples, including many famous scholars such as Xue, Jia Sanhuai and Jia Erlin.
Earlier in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the first reclusive scholar in Bai Quan area of Sumenshan was a man named Sun Deng, and even the most wild and uninhibited seven sages of bamboo forest were deeply impressed by him. After visiting Sun Deng in Sumenshan, Ruan Ji wrote a biography of Mr. Adult, praising Sun Deng as a real "adult" who lived with heaven and earth and coexisted with the avenue.
Ruan Ji and Ji Kang both lived here for a long time because they admired Sun Deng. Jia Dao, Wu Daozi and the Soviet Union in the Later Ages >>
Question 4: What types of classical gardens are there in China? Types of classical gardens in China: According to the choice of garden sites and different development methods, classical gardens in China can be divided into artificial landscape gardens and natural landscape gardens. According to the affiliation of gardens, they can be divided into three main types: royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens.
Question 5: What are the three main types of ancient gardens in China and China? From different angles, there are different classification methods. There are generally two classifications.
(a), according to the identity of the occupants.
1. The Royal Garden is a garden for emperors to rest and entertain. It is characterized by large scale, many mountains and waters, magnificent architectural colors and tall figure. The existing famous royal gardens are: Beijing Summer Palace, Beijing Beihai Park, chengde mountain resort and so on.
Private gardens are for royal masters, princes, bureaucrats and wealthy businessmen to relax. It is characterized by a relatively small scale, so rockeries and fake water are often used; The building is small and exquisite. The existing famous ones are Gongwangfu in Beijing, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, Lingering Garden, Canglang Pavilion, Master's Garden and Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai.
(2) By region.
1, the northern garden occupies a large area because of its wide area; Because most of them are ancient capitals, the buildings are magnificent. Limited by natural climatic conditions, there are few rivers and lakes, few primitive rocks and few evergreen trees. Because the style is rough and the aesthetic feeling is insufficient. Representatives of northern gardens are mostly concentrated in Beijing, Xi 'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng and other places, especially in ancient Luoyang, which also reflects the ancient poem "Luoyang is the first garden in the world".
2. Jiangnan gardens are characterized by bright, elegant and deep twists and turns. However, due to the small area, it is a bit cramped. Representatives of southern gardens are mostly concentrated in Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other places, especially Suzhou.
Lingnan gardens are characterized by tropical scenery and tall and spacious buildings. Moreover, because it is located on the southern seashore, architecture has been greatly influenced by the west since modern times. The existing famous Lingnan gardens include Qinghui Garden in Shunde, Guangdong, Keyuan Garden in Dongguan and Yuyin Mountain Residence in Panyu.
Question 6: What are the characteristics of classical gardens in China? What's the difference according to the geographical location? 10 The classical gardens in China are divided into royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens according to their owners. According to the form of gardening, it can be divided into natural (freestyle), regular (neat) and mixed. By region: Jiangnan Garden, Lingnan Garden and Northern Garden. According to the affiliation, that is, according to the classification of owners, it should be royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens.
Question 7: What are the style characteristics of China classical gardens? The artistic style of classical garden architecture in China is 3. 1, which adapts to local conditions and is in harmony with the environment. The combination of architecture and environment should first be adapted to local conditions, and strive to combine with the topography, landform and landform where the base is located, freely interspersed and flexibly adapted. In order to cooperate with various typical environments in nature, various architectural types with different shapes have been created, and various forms have evolved in each type. Make a good overall layout according to the situation and make full use of natural topography. China classical gardens generally take landscape as the theme of composition, and garden architecture only aims to strengthen the overall beauty of the natural environment and highlight the beauty of nature, so the architecture emphasizes "depending on the mountain" and "letting nature take its course". The small size of the building helps to straighten out the proper relationship between the building and the natural scenery, and does not overwhelm the scenery in size, which is conducive to the integration of the building and the natural scenery. The harmony between China landscape architecture and natural environment is also manifested in the unity of its own image outline, lines, colors and natural features, actively and creatively adapting to the environment and creating many shapes that are unified with the environment. 3.2. Implicit expression, exquisiteness and elegance, and implicit implication are one of the important architectural styles of China classical gardens. The pursuit of implication is related to the pursuit of implication in China's poetry and painting art, emphasizing the artistic realm of "profound meaning"; Emphasize the twists and turns in the garden, implication and unpredictability. This implication can be understood from two aspects: first, its artistic conception is implicit; Secondly, in the garden layout, China gardens are often not straight to the point, but tortuous and unpredictable. In the organization of space, there are often straight and curved, static and dynamic, big and small, virtual and real, positive and variable, sparse and dense, hidden and obvious ... which complement each other and are dialectical and unified, creating a dynamic and ingenious space realm. (2) The "cleverness" of China garden architecture mainly lies in the flexibility of wooden frames, and at the same time, it also pays great attention to winning by "cleverness" in layout. It is not as huge as western classical architecture, but generally small and exquisite. It is a clever and harmonious arrangement from the treatment of structure, shape and space to the overall layout of the building. Its layout is organically related to the whole, and it has the characteristics of flexibility, elasticity and growth. It is a common gardening technique to want to promote first and then suppress, and it is also a manifestation of implicit expression. For example, a rockery is set at the entrance to block the scenery inside, which makes people feel bright as soon as they enter the principle. For another example, first of all, the beautiful scenery such as lotus pond and small bridge attracts tourists' hearts, but the high wall only reveals some roofs, trees and tall buildings in the garden, and the panoramic view inside can not be seen, which will arouse people's leisure and interest in understanding the landscape. In the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, window leakage often becomes an implicit means, and the scenery outside the window is blurred through the window leakage, which is much more interesting than taking a look. When tourists come here, it makes people get everything they want, dazzling and interesting. The whole garden building not only pays attention to the beauty of overall modeling, but also pays attention to the beauty of decoration, furnishings and sketch architecture. The position, size, thickness, width and texture between them are just right, and there is a just right sense of boundary and unity. It is not only an image beauty, but also a beauty that conforms to the structure and structural logic. 3.3. Emphasizing Artistic Conception The pursuit of "artistic conception" in China classical gardens is a feeling of the image, color and atmosphere of garden architecture. Generally speaking, gardens should emphasize elegance, create a "natural" landscape with artificial ingenuity, and then integrate exquisite buildings into the embrace of nature to create an elegant artistic conception. In order to make the garden promising, feasible, tourable and livable, it is necessary to build various corresponding buildings in the garden. However, the architecture in the garden should not overwhelm or destroy the main body, but should highlight the main body of the landscape and integrate with the landscape nature, so as to achieve the organic integration of nature and architecture and sublimate it into works of art. In the process of investigation and research, we must carefully observe the feelings that are suitable for the specific environment and scenery. The image of things has its characteristics of expressing personality and emotion, which is an objective phenomenon. For example, people often compare wicker to women and tenderness; Compare flowers to children or beauties; Compared with general Cooper, more loyal. Improper comparison and promotion can't express the characteristics of things. We should not only compare, but also observe carefully and be good at discovering. If stone symbolizes a firm character, pebbles and flowers are not as good as Yellowstone and rocks, because they are not only in quality, but also in shape. In the process of such observation, the mind has something ... >>
Question 8: What are the three types of Chinese classical gardens? The most common archway doors are found almost all over the world. With their rich shapes, exquisite decorations and gorgeous colors, they have become one of the buildings with China national style. This kind of door evolved from China's watch. A square beam is horizontally placed at the top of two China watch columns, which is the archway. Then, the archway door is installed between archway columns, and the structure is not complicated.
Zhaimen is also widely used in royal gardens, private gardens and famous mountain temples.
Hanging flower doors commonly used in royal gardens in northern China are rich in shapes, varied, decorated with colorful paintings and elegant. The "Moon Invitation Gate" in the promenade of the Summer Palace in Beijing is a typical example.
Setting entrances and exits on the walls of the courtyard is also a distinctive and commonly used portal in gardens, temples and other buildings. Its exquisite and changeable style is deeply loved by people. In addition to various geometric figures such as circles, squares and angles, there are many physical shapes such as gourd, begonia, fresh peach, maple leaf, ancient bottle and moon.
The doors of China's classical gardens and scenic spots did not fall from the sky, nor were they ingenious. They are the fruits of ancestors' labor and creation, and also the crystallization of wisdom and talent. They are the wonderful flowers in China's architectural gardens and the pearls in the world's architectural history.