2. Chrysanthemum has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament.
3. Plum Blossoms-Plum Blossoms are cold first, and then flowers are fragrant. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, are admired and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later."
4. Pine trees and pine trees are models of fighting against ice and snow, and naturally they are the objects of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums."
5. Lotus-Because "lotus" and "pity" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Lotus is picked in autumn in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. "
6, phoenix tree-phoenix tree is a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn says, "The phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow with autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not frost at night.
7. Du Fu-In ancient mythology, Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo. Therefore, the cuckoo in ancient poetry has become a symbol of desolation and sadness.
8. The image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting.
9. Cold cicadas-cicadas don't live long after autumn. After the autumn rain, cicadas will make several intermittent moans, and their lives are at stake.
Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness. For example, Dondero's "Chanting Cicada" begins with two sentences: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply."
10, Hongyan-Hongyan is a large migratory bird, which moves southward every autumn, often causing homesickness and sadness among wanderers.
There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. Everyone is familiar with the allusions of Hongyan biography, and the application of Hongyan as a messenger in poetry is also very common.
1 1. In addition, there is a metaphor for the girl's longing for love with the maturity of plums, such as "looking back at the door, but smelling the fragrance of plums" (Li Qingzhao's Little Red Lips);
12, using floating clouds as a metaphor for wandering wanderers, such as "I should think of you in the floating clouds, so think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's Farewell to Friends);
13, Yuanyang, refers to a loving couple, such as "why didn't you quit when you won?" Better be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's" Chang 'an Ancient Meaning ");
14, lilacs, refers to sadness or complex, such as "since Nanpu Bie, seeing lilacs makes me sad" (Tang Niuqiao's Thanksgiving) and so on.
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ice and snow
The crystallization of ice and snow is a metaphor for the loyalty of thought and the nobility of character.
moon
Thinking of the moon is near-to leave sorrow and homesickness.
willow
Fold the willow to say goodbye. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic. When the ancients bid farewell, they often folded willows to express their deep affection for parting. In the Han dynasty, there was a tune called "Folding Willow", which expressed farewell feelings in the form of playing.
In the Tang Dynasty, Baling Bridge in Xi 'an was the only place for the people of the whole country to leave Chang 'an at that time. Baling Bridge was surrounded by willows and became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell. Later generations took "Baqiao Folding Willow" as a farewell place.
cicada
Use cicadas as a metaphor for noble behavior.
Grass and tree
Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs.
Nanpu
Farewell by the water.
(ancient China) a roadside pavilion for travelers to rest or shelter.
A farewell place on land.
plantain
Often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. In the south, there is the joy of bamboo and silk "rain hits banana" and the sad sound.
Chinese parasol
Similar to bananas, it refers to sad sounds.
Chinese plum
A symbol of noble personality.
pine and cypress
It symbolizes loneliness, honest and frank and cold tolerance.
chrysanthemum
A symbol of noble quality.
peach blossom
It symbolizes beauty.
peony
Trust wealth.
Huayang
It means falling.
crazy
Rhododendron is commonly known as cuckoo, also known as Zigui, Du Yu and Zijuan. In spring and summer, cuckoos crow all night, crows are crisp and short, arousing people's feelings.
If you look closely, the oral epithelium and tongue of rhododendron are red, which the ancients mistakenly thought was full of blood. Just when the azaleas are singing, it is the time when the azaleas are in full bloom, and the azaleas people see are bright red. He described this color as the blood of cuckoo's cry.
In ancient China, there was a myth and legend of "Looking at the Emperor and Crowing the Magpie". Wang Di, the legendary monarch of Shu in the late Eastern Zhou Dynasty, was named Du Yu. Later, Zen retreated, and unfortunately the country died. After death, the soul turned into a bird. As for the bleeding in the mouth, its voice is sad and touching, named Du Fu.
In China's classical poems, Du Fu is often associated with bitterness. The cuckoo's crow seems to say "it's better to go home", and its crow can easily touch people's homesickness.
crow
According to superstition, it is an ominous bird, which often haunts graves and other desolate places. China's classical poems are often associated with decadent and desolate things.
cricket
The ancients thought that the sound of cricket was similar to that of a loom, and the season was late autumn, so it was associated with promoting people's textile, preparing winter clothes, and even lacking recruitment. Cricket is directly called "weaving promotion".
Ape crow
Appearing in poetry often symbolizes a sad feeling.
Qiang flute
It is a musical instrument from the ancient west, which makes a sad sound. It is often mentioned in frontier poems in Tang Dynasty. The shrill voice of the strong brother often makes recruiters cry. Hu Jia has the same effect.
Bright moon and white clouds
Looking at the clouds and thinking about friends, seeing the moon and thinking about people are common techniques in ancient poetry.
water
In China's ancient poems, it was associated with persistent sadness. Linking running water with parting sadness is also a common expression in classical poetry.
Qin and color-harmony between husband and wife
(1) metaphor for husband and wife harmony. It is also called "the harp". (2) metaphor friendship between brothers and friends.
Goose goose
According to Su Hanwu Biography, Xiongnu Shan deceived China's envoy, saying that Su Wu was dead, and China's envoy deliberately said that the Emperor shot down a swan flying from the north when hunting, with silk on his feet, which was written by Su Wu. Khan had to let Su Wu go. Later, they used "Hongyan", "Yan Shu", "Yanzu" and "Yuyan" to refer to letters.
The old man under the moon-the god who lets people get married.
According to legend, in the Tang Dynasty, Wei Gu passed by Song Cheng at the foot of the mountain and met an old man sitting and turning over a book. Wei Gu went to peek and didn't know a word. Only after asking the old man did I know that the old man is a fairy who specializes in human marriage, and the book he searched was a marriage book. Later, the matchmaker called the old man under the moon or the old man under the moon.
Clear eyes
Refers to the eyes and describes the urgency of hope.
Lian zhi bi niao
A connecting branch means that two trees are connected together. Love birds, a legendary bird, is used as a metaphor for loving couples in classical poetry. According to legend, during the Warring States Period, King Kang of Song married Han Ping, an official, and imprisoned Han Ping. Han committed suicide and his wife's clothes were rotten. When she went on stage to play with Kang Wang, she threw herself under the stage. Everyone pulled at her clothes, but she didn't. She fell down and died, leaving a suicide note saying that Han Ping was buried together, but Kang Wang buried them in two places. Soon, a catalpa tree was born on each of the two graves, and it grew very thick in ten days. The roots and branches of two trees are intertwined, and there is a pair of mandarin ducks on the tree, groaning at each other. Later, people called marriage "tying the knot".
Childhood lovers
It is used to describe the innocence of men and women when they are young, and also refers to the partners they have known since childhood.
Chasing deer
Compare a deer to a throne. Later, it was compared with the struggle for the world.
Three feet
Also known as the "three-foot method", it is synonymous with law. In ancient times, laws were written on bamboo slips three feet long, so
Known as the "three-foot method."
Du Kang
Shuo Wen Jie Jin Zi Bu: "Shao Kang, an ancient man, first made brooms and wine. Shao Kang, Du Kang also. " After that, Du Kang was regarded as the representative of wine.
swan
Swan flies very high, and is often used to describe ambitious people.
Qin and Jin ―― the marriage of two big families
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Jin and China got married. Later, the marriage of the two surnames was called "the goodness of Qin and Jin".
Zu Peng
The legendary longevity figure was born in Xia Dynasty and was over 800 years old by the end of Yin Dynasty. In the old days, Peng Zu was regarded as a symbol of longevity, and "Longevity as Peng Zu" was used to wish people a long life.
Chicken ribs-things that have no value or interest (but you can't bear to throw them away)
Chicken ribs are tasteless to eat, but it's a pity to discard them. Metaphor has no value or meaning.
moon
Beautiful posture, mostly used to describe women; Because people often call the moon a beauty, it is called Chanjuan.
My humble gift/suggestion.
There is a story in Liezi Yang Zhu. Once upon a time, a man boasted about how delicious celery was in front of the village gentry. After tasting it, the gentry was stung in the mouth and miserable in the stomach. Later, people used "offering Qin" to modestly address the giver with few gifts or suggestions. Also known as "Qin Xian".
Become a recognized leader of the alliance, holding a plate with the ear of a sacrificial bull on it.
The ancient governors made a pact to ask everyone to taste a little sacrificial blood. The people in the main league cut off the cow's ears to get blood themselves, so they used "hug"
Niu Er "refers to the leader. Later, it refers to being in a leading position in a certain aspect.
Watch the battle on the barricade-sit and watch.
Wall: camp, barrier. Viewpoint: wait and see. Look over the fence. Metaphorically look at the success or failure of others, don't get involved.
Red bean shrub
Red bean is acacia bean, which refers to the token of love between men and women. Often used to symbolize love or lovesickness.
Cardamom
It is a perennial herb. Later known as the age of thirteen or fourteen.
Ancient jingwei myth. Later, Jingwei's reclamation was used to describe a deep hatred and a determination to repay the kindness. It is also a metaphor for not being afraid of difficulties and working hard.
It's better to be king in hell than to serve in heaven.
"Warring States Policy Han Ce": "Better be a chicken's mouth than a cow's queen." The latter metaphor would rather be the master of the country in a small situation than be dominated by others in a big situation.
Three Friends in Winter ―― Pine Trees
Refers to pine, bamboo and plum. Pine and bamboo do not wither in winter, and plums are cold-resistant and bloom, so they are called "three friends at the age of three."
Four gentlemen in flowers
Plum, bamboo, orchid and chrysanthemum are called "four gentlemen in flowers".
Mount Tai and Polaris-leaders and scholars who all look up to them.
The abbreviation of "Taishan Beidou". Metaphor can set an example of outstanding people.
Please help ensure the success of sth.
Metaphor is good for people.
Return (something borrowed) gratefully.
Politeness refers to respectfully returning gifts from others, or returning borrowed items from others without damage.
grasp
Originally refers to people who are deeper than Taoism, and later refers to experts who are proficient in a certain knowledge and technology.
Bird messenger of fairy mother
Legend has it that the Queen Mother of the West has three bluebirds, one of which came as an emissary to inform Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in advance, and the other two came with the Queen Mother of the West to wait on her. Later, Jade Bird became the messenger to deliver books.
Drama world
The pear garden was originally a fruit and wood garden in the forbidden garden of the emperor. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, this place was used as a place to teach song and dance, which trained a large number of outstanding music and dance performers and had a far-reaching influence in history. Therefore, later drama clubs often take "Liyuan" as the representative name, and opera artists call it "Liyuan disciple".
Holding column
According to legend, in ancient times, the same woman met under a bridge. He waited a long time, but the woman didn't come. Just then, the river surged and flooded the bridge. In order to keep his promise, Weisheng refused to leave and hugged the bridge column and drowned. Later, I stuck to my promise by metaphor.
zebra
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin, Lu and Zheng cut Qi, and the Qi army retreated at night. Xing Bo, the minister of the State of Jin, heard the sound of hooves coming from the camp of the Qi army, and speculated, "If there is a sound of hooves, the Qi army must have retreated overnight." Banma is a wandering horse, and farewell poems are often used to express farewell feelings.
Ask Jiuding-yearning for the throne
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Zhuangwang went to the Northern Expedition, and Chen Bing went to Luoshui to show off his force to the Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Ding Wang Sunman comforted Chu Shi, and Chu Zhuangwang asked Wang Sunman about the size and weight of Jiuding, the national treasure of the Zhou Dynasty. Later, he used the metaphor of "winning the championship" to usurp political power.
Cidi
During the Han Dynasty, the northern Xiongnu nobles often harassed the border. Once Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to build a mansion for the general Huo Qubing, but Huo Qubing politely refused to say, "The Huns are still alive, and there is no home." Later it was compared to forgetting the country.
Ask the emperor for a rope to bind the enemy ―― submit a request for a military mission.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent a young minister to South Vietnam to persuade the South Vietnamese dynasty. The final army said, "Please give me a long tassel, and I will take the king of South Vietnam." Later I used the metaphor of killing the enemy and serving the country.
Zhu Huan
In ancient times, Hepu was rich in pearls, but local officials were so greedy that pearls were automatically transferred to other places. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Meng Taste came to be the prefect, got rid of corruption and abuses, and the pearl returned to Hepu. Therefore, "returning pearls" means that officials are honest and clean.
golden pheasant
In ancient times, it was said that there were chickens and stars in the sky, so the ancients erected a long pole and a golden rooster on the pole on Amnesty Day to gather criminals who should be pardoned and announce an Amnesty order to them. Later, he used "golden rooster" to refer to the Amnesty order.
Michelle
According to ancient myths and legends, the king of Jin went up the mountain to cut wood. When he saw several children playing chess and singing, he sat down to listen to them singing. If the child gives him dates and stones, he won't feel hungry when he puts them in his mouth. After a while, the child urged him to go back. He stood up and found that the handle of the axe was completely rotten. When he got home, all his old people were gone. Later, he used "rotten ke" as a metaphor for being away from home for a long time.
agree with
According to legend, Ruan Ji, a famous Wei player in the Three Kingdoms, can show contempt or hatred for people he hates by looking up or looking sideways. For those who love or respect, look into his eyes, with black eyes in the middle, to show respect. When he saw Ji Kang's younger brother Ji Xi, he looked at him with disgust. He saw Ji Kang with green eyes. Later, he used "green eyes" to show that he loved or valued people.
High mountains and Running water
Also known as "flowing mountains". According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Yu Boya was good at playing the piano and Zhong Ziqi was good at listening to it. Whenever bo
When the harp plays a tune depicting mountains and rivers, Zhong Ziqi thinks his piano sounds like towering mountains and mighty rivers. After Zhong Ziqi died, Boya sighed and stopped playing the piano. Later, it often refers to the elegance of bosom friends or music.
Aihong
Metaphor is sad, painful and displaced people. Investigating its origin, the word "love red" comes from "red rock". "Poem Xiaoya Hongyan" says: "Hongyan flies and crows. To be a philosopher is to call me Lao (q0). " When writing poems, the envoys rushed around in all directions and saw the refugees flying in the wild like wild geese. The refugees enjoyed the arrival of the envoys and all poured out their words in unison, like the endless wailing of wild geese. Later, Hongyan was in the wild, and there was sorrow everywhere, which meant that the people were displaced.
mynah
Also known as Ba Sing, Ba Lie and Ba People Song. Borrow vulgar works and make more modest words.
strange
Also known as white clouds and pale dogs, it is a metaphor for the impermanence of things.
Wu Gou
Generally refers to nod and sword.
Soup perch refers to the hometown flavor. Liu Yiqing's "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Zhi Jian" was published: "(Hans Zhang) saw Luo Qiufeng and thought about Wuzhong vegetable soup bass, saying,' If you don't have ambition, how can you be an official for thousands of miles?' Then I drove home. "Water spinach soup: water spinach, water spinach soup. Later, literati used "blowing" and "blowing thinking" to describe homesickness.
Double carp
Representative letter.
The Dream of Butterfly
On Zhuangzi Wuqi: "In the past, Zhuang Zhoumeng was a butterfly, lifelike. I don't know what day it is. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly? What is Hu's dream for Zhou He? There must be a difference between Zhou and Hu (butterfly). This is called materialization. " Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that all things are one and all things are equal. Later, scholars used it to instruct people's confused dreams and fickle things.
Go home after the war
Borrow refers to seclusion. "Biography of Boyi in Historical Records" records: "The king of Wu put down the Yin chaos, and the world was dominated by Zhou, while Boyi and Shu Qi were ashamed, did not eat, hid in shouyangshan and ate Wei." It is said that Boyi and Shu Qi live in seclusion in Shan Ye and don't want to be an official.
Bi Xue Hua bi
Borrow blood shed for a just cause.
Pass the imperial examination
Metaphor imperial examination and. The Book of Jin was published: "Emperor Wu sent someone to the East Hall and asked,' What does Qing think of himself?' I said to him,' I am the first in the world, a branch of Guilin, Pian Yu in Kunshan. "'
Huaiju
Filial piety means filial piety. The book Biography of the Three Kingdoms Wu Zhi Lu Ji was published: "Ji Ji was six years old, met Yuan Shu in Jiujiang, made oranges and got three Ji Huai. He went over and bowed to the ground. Shu said,' Lu Lang is a guest, and he is pregnant with oranges?' Ji knelt down and replied, "I want to go back to my mother." The technology is amazing. "
Red leaves
This is a symbol of love.
Kunshan Yu
Metaphor is an outstanding talent.
Yongxu
It means that women chant snow. Refers to a woman who is good at reciting and has extraordinary talent.
Ying Liu
It refers to the military camp. Historical records: The zhou bo family of Emperor Jiang recorded that during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, the Han army was divided into Bashang, Ximen and No.3 roads to prepare for the Xiongnu, and the camp leader was Zhou Yafu. Zhou Yafu Liuxi Military Battalion has strict discipline and neat military capacity. Even Wendi and his entourage have to get Zhou Yatai's permission to enter the camp. The emperor spoke highly of Zhou Yafu's effective management of the army. Later, it was also called the disciplined military camp.