Farewell etiquette of ancient people

Regarding "farewell", it seems insignificant to "culture", but it is also closely contained in the meaning of culture. China is a country that stresses human feelings, and China culture is naturally full of human feelings. Under the feudal rule, China and Confucian culture rose to be the main ideology of the country, which made the ethics most developed, with "courtesy" and "benevolence" as the core. Under the influence of these main ideas, there is no lack of human feelings in China culture, and farewell is one of the manifestations. Whether in ancient times or in modern society, farewell has become an indispensable form in people's lives, and has penetrated into our hearts and become a part of life. Since we are talking about farewell, we must first understand what farewell is. Farewell is a farewell ceremony between friends, relatives and colleagues. China's earliest farewell ceremony is unknown, because there are too many people to bid farewell, which downplays the original origin and cause. Farewells are mostly between friends, couples and respected people. When we parted, because of our deep feelings, we were reluctant to part and accompany me on a long journey, which was regarded as farewell. In ancient etiquette, there is a kind of "ancestral way" ceremony, which refers to the ancient etiquette of offering sacrifices to the road gods and giving a banquet to see travelers off. This gift is the earliest and most formal farewell. According to Hanshu, before Li Guang, a general of the Western Han Dynasty, crusaded against the Huns, "the Prime Minister took his ancestral path and sent him to Wei Qiao". "Jing Ke Stabbed the King of Qin": "Going to Yishui is both ancestral and Taoist." The word "Zu" in this paper is "Zu Dao", which is a sacrifice to the road god before leaving, and then extended to farewell, and gradually developed into various forms. There are some special nouns in the place where the ancients bid farewell. "Nanpu" first appeared in ancient poetry, and Nanpu was the place where the edge of the water was sent. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs of Hebo": "Fight with the sons and send the beauties to Nanpu." Jiang Yan's "Biefu": "Spring grass is green and spring water is surging. It's so sad to send you to Nanpu!" Fan Chengda's "Hengtang": "Nanpu spring comes to a blue river, and the stone bridge and the tower are still two." The ancient people's farewell to the water was not only in Nanpu. Due to the long-term national culture, "Nanpu" has become a special term for the farewell place near the water. There are also "long pavilions", ten-mile long pavilions and five-mile short pavilions on the ancient post road. The pavilion is a place for people to rest and see off. Li Bai Bodhisattva Xia: "Where are you going home? The pavilion is shorter. " Liu Yong's Yulinling: "Cold and sad, Changting is too late." Li Shutong's Farewell: "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green." There is also "Farewell Pavilion" in the West Wing. Obviously, Changting has become a farewell place in people's hearts. Because most of these farewell places are commonly used in poetry, they have gradually become special terms for farewell places. After learning about the places where the ancients bid farewell, let's take a look at several farewell ways. The first is farewell wine, that is, when friends are about to part, they have dinner and drink together. The best proof is Wang Wei's famous sentence in Weicheng Qu, "I advise you to have a glass of wine, and there is no reason to go out to the west." The second is farewell songs and farewell poems. Because ancient poems are integrated, all poems can be sung together, so farewell songs and farewell poems are the same thing, which adds a lot of luster to China's poetry creation. In the history of literature, many well-known poems have been left behind because of farewell, and only well-known masterpieces have long been numerous. Some farewell poems, though not mentioned a word, are full of endless feelings and achieve the artistic effect of "silence is better than sound". Xue Tao's "Farewell to Friends" "The water country is frosty at night, the moonlight is cold, and the mountains are gray." Who said that today is a thousand miles away, as long as you dream? "Li Bai bid farewell to his friends at Jingmen Ferry and sailed from Jingmen Ferry. Soon you will be in the south with people. At the end of the mountain and the plain, the river winds through the wilderness. " "The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds shine like palaces. Water brings you the feeling of home, pulling your boat for 300 miles. " Wang Changling's "Parting Xin Jian at Furong Inn" "It's cold and rainy at night, and it's clearly that Fujian is lonely. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot. " Wei's "Send a party to the sunset rain" "Chuhe rain all the way? The bell in the evening came to us from Nanjing. The rain is heavy, the sky is not right, and the birds fly slowly. The Yangtze River flows into the distance of the Yangtze River, and the trees are full of rain. Similarly, because of our great love, there is a waterline on our face. " ..... The most famous farewell story belongs to the story of Wang Lun sending Li Bai. In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), Li Bai visited Taohuatan from Qiupu (now Guichi, Anhui Province) to Jingxian County (now Anhui Province), where Wang Lun often brewed his own wine to entertain him. When he left, Wang Lun came to see me off again, and Li Bai wrote a farewell song "To Wang Lun". "Li Bai was going by boat, and suddenly he heard singing on the shore. Peach Blossom Pond is deeper in thousands of feet than in Wang Lun. "Pale words" said that the Tang dynasty's good poems, mostly for defense, exile, travel, separation, often can move people's hearts and stimulate people's wishes. The Tang Dynasty is the peak of poetry creation, and it is also the peak of farewell poetry creation. Almost every poet has his own farewell poem. Not only poets in the Tang Dynasty love to write farewell poems, but also poets since ancient times are indispensable. It seems that parting from sorrow and not hating is always an important part of poetry creation. Besides farewell poems, there are also farewell poems. Since the Han Dynasty, people have often expressed their feelings of parting by folding willows, which triggered the yearning for distant relatives and the homesickness of travelers. The sui dynasty's anonymous "farewell" "willow green hangs down, flowers fly leisurely. The wicker is broken and the flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? " Because of the homophonic sound of "willow" and "willow", the ancients often used folding willows to express their deep feelings of farewell. This custom began in the Han Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty. In the Han dynasty, there was a tune called "Folding Willow", which expressed farewell feelings in the form of playing. In the Tang Dynasty, Baling Bridge in Xi 'an was the only place for people to leave Chang 'an when they went to all parts of the country. Surrounded by willows, Baling Bridge became a famous place for the ancients to fold willows to bid farewell. For example, the poem "Willow leaves every year, Baling is sad to leave" was used by later generations as the source of farewell allusions. Therefore, there are poems in the text, "Qingyang is more separated from strangers." In "Lin Yuling", Liu Yong expresses the sadness of parting with "Where to wake up after drinking tonight, Yang Liuan, where the wind is resting". The farewell of the ancients was mostly carried out in a sad atmosphere. This phenomenon is reflected in Qu Yuan's Nine Songs and Little Commandments and Jiang Yan's Biefu. The traffic was inconvenient in ancient times. I don't know when I can meet you today, but I am separated from my relatives and friends. It's hard to think of this. Today, there are still some sad farewells which have been a way of life for thousands of years. Today's farewell, although not as sad as the ancients, is more of a good wish. Send a short message of blessing, say some words of blessing, and take a photo as a souvenir.