He is so controversial that he is called worthless and regarded as a particularly great geek. ......
His book was criticized and once banned, but it has countless loyal followers and defenders.
He is Lawrence, a famous English novelist and poet, and one of the most important English writers in the 20th century.
His works are deeply influenced by Freud's psychoanalysis. These novels, Sons and Lovers, Women in Love and Lady Chatterley's Lover, all revolve around sexual life. He regarded human sexual desire as the root of all life phenomena, which attracted a wave of doubts in the literary world at that time.
? Growing experience
1885, a miner's family in Nottinghamshire, England welcomed another boy.
"The house is located between a row of miners' houses; Red brick, dirty, two upstairs and two downstairs, only 13 feet wide, one window. "
Along the hillside, there are similar sloppy streets and dense houses. People here seldom study. Most boys left school at the age of twelve and became miners, working in a semi-dark environment between rocks and coal.
Lawrence's father, a coal miner, often drinks and has no education.
Mother Lydia was born in a Puritan family, received a good education and worked as a teacher.
Lawrence's life is full of quarrels because of his parents' different educational background, world outlook and values.
Fortunately, Lawrence, who is quiet, shy and introverted, grew up safely in the ardent maternal love and brotherhood of his brothers and sisters.
He inherited his mother's sympathy and romantic imagination.
This childhood atmosphere has also been written into his literary works-"Chrysanthemum Flowers" and the novel "Sons and Lovers".
1In the spring of 898, 12-year-old Lawrence won a scholarship from Nottingham Middle School.
At the end of 1904, he passed the Royal Scholarship Examination and obtained the free admission qualification of Teachers College.
The frail young man worked as a primary school teacher and a factory employee in order to raise tuition. At the age of 2/kloc-0, he entered the University of Nottingham and finally found his own way of writing.
? Literary world shines
Lawrence lived only 45 years old. In his short life, he published more than 65,438+00 novels, more than 70 short stories, 65,438+00 poems, 4 plays, 3 travel notes, 5 theoretical works, a large number of essays, essays, letters and many paintings.
He especially likes to write about human instinct and the power of nature. This description of primitive people is full of passion, and its purpose is to call on people to rebuild modernity from the ruins of civilization in the industrial age.
Because he is natural and primitive, sincere in feelings and more touching in words, he is sought after by many people.
However, it will also be reviled by some people who oppose his ideas.
From the perspective of modern people, all Lawrence's novels highlight the theme he wants to express: "Destroy nature and return to nature".
For example, the first novel "White Peacock",
The emotional relationship in Lawrence's works often discusses the fundamental topic of "human beings struggling between civilization and nature" through symbolic means.
In 19 13, Lawrence wrote his masterpiece Sons and Lovers.
The profound point of this work is that it created the literary expression of Freud's Oedipus complex and turned the novel into an aesthetic discussion about Oedipus complex.
The protagonist Paul Morrel finally went to the city in the pain of his lover's breakup and his mother's death, and the open ending made readers unforgettable.
In addition, the novel deliberately downplays the plot and characters, and pays attention to depicting the subtle feelings of the inner world.
Virginia Woolf, a famous British woman writer, said after reading Sons and Lovers:
"This novel seems to condense, abbreviate and reduce all kinds of scenes to the simplest point, so that the characters can directly and nakedly flash in front of us. We can't watch for another second, we must hurry forward. "
Lawrence became famous as soon as he came to Wentang, which had a certain influence on society. Especially the novel Rainbow published by 19 15.
The Rainbow is equivalent to Ba Jin's Home, Mao Dun's Midnight or Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury in the history of American literature.
This is a typical family chronicle. Through the stories of three generations of Brevin, this paper reveals the transformation of British society from traditional rural life to urban model, which is a creative analysis of the internal life of society in the stage of change and collapse.
19 15 to 1922 is the middle period of Lawrence's creation. At this time, his works "protested against the cruel, inhuman and distorted capitalist civilization more strongly than other works".
The characters distorted and alienated by suppressing the ID in his works are unforgettable.
His short stories, such as England, My England, Colonel Doll, Fox, etc. His writing style further developed towards modernism.
Rise rapidly in the world
At the beginning of the 20th century, hundred schools of thought contended, but it was difficult for Lawrence to integrate into any group.
On the one hand, Lawrence has no position in Bloomsbury cultural circle represented by middle class elites such as Virginia Woolf and T.S. Eliot.
On the other hand, he is out of tune with the living atmosphere of his birthplace-the mining area in central England.
He broke away from his family, class and culture in a shocking way, thus gradually alienating the working class;
At the same time, he constantly overthrew people's recognition of his identity as a poet and novelist, and wrote words that his contemporaries hated more than once, which made his career in trouble.
19 15 years, after the novel Rainbow was banned, Lawrence obviously felt that he was out of the "world that controls news, publishing and everything".
After World War I, he broke off contact with the British mainland and began a new stage of his life of traveling and experimental writing without hesitation.
? Love legend
19 12, Lawrence fell in love with his French professor, Frida, at first sight.
Lawrence wrote: "The world is incomparable beauty, and its beauty exceeds the boldest imagination of mankind. Never, never, never imagine what love is, remember, never. Life is the ultimate beauty, and it must be so. Thank God, I have proved all this. "
On May 3rd of the same year, they eloped to Frida's hometown of Metz, a disputed Bavarian region on the Franco-German border and a German military fortress at that time.
Lawrence was mistaken for a British spy here and was put in prison. Thanks to Frida's father, he was released.
After many twists and turns, the two finally met in England in the summer of 19 14 and tied the knot. Although they have experienced many twists and turns and great controversy, their feelings are very real and sincere.
However, the war and the difficulty in publishing novels cast a shadow over Lawrence's happy life.
During this period, Lawrence joined the anti-war alliance. During the First World War, because Lawrence advocated peace and his wife was German, the couple were sometimes accused of being German spies and were harassed by officials in Britain.
19 19 years. After the war, they emigrated and lived abroad for more than ten years. Lawrence called this period a "barbaric pilgrimage".
Wander from one place to another and endure many difficulties and hardships.
The last decade of Lawrence's life was actually a displacement.
After he fled what he thought was decadent England, he traveled all over Italy, Oceania and America.
He lay in the mountains of Western Ceng Zui, and once stopped in the primitive and natural Sicily.
He crossed the desolate Alps valley, meditated in the birthplace of ancient Aztec culture in Mexico, and meditated in the birthplace of Etruscan civilization in southern Europe.
It is precisely because he is in turmoil that his creative climax is stimulated. During this period, he wrote wonderful travel notes, essays, essays, poems and even began to concentrate on painting.
1930, Lawrence relapsed with pneumonia and died in Cannes at the age of 45.
After traveling around the world, his reflection on the essence and existence of life became more profound. The study of Fraser's anthropological masterpiece "The Golden Branch" and the field trip to southern Europe and South America have led his literary innovation and sublimation.
Lawrence's later novel creation transcends the limitations of realism and the category of modernist novels.
With the help of literature and religious symbols, he integrated human behavior into ancient myths and fables.
He has completed a series of works with American and Mexican themes, such as Feather Snake, Riding Woman, Princess, Sun, etc.
Lawrence really wants to explore ways to save the crisis of modern European civilization from foreign culture, primitivism and natural nature, and to find such an Eden where modern people return to themselves.
Despite many setbacks, Lawrence never stopped writing. Before his death, he also finished the collection of poems "The Last Poem" and "Revelation".
After Lawrence's death, a dozen close friends, including the famous writer Huxley, held a funeral for him.
People use colorful pebbles on Cannes beach to embed Lawrence's favorite pattern-a phoenix-to symbolize this great writer.
And his ashes were finally moved to the ranch in Taos, USA, which was the quiet place he hoped for at present.
Commentator Leavis said of Lawrence: "In English, Lawrence is a genius giant of our time." ...
He is a very bold and radical innovator in form, technology and skill.
What drove him to invent and experiment was his serious and urgent concern for life. "
Regardless of Lawrence's novels or short stories, "there is no doubt that they are comparable to the successful works of any genius in the world."
Decades later, Doris Lessing, a female writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2007, also spoke highly of Lawrence: "He is a genius who lives in the center of English literature and has his stable position in world literature."