Feng Fu Dynasty: Pre-Qin Dynasty
Author: Song Yu
King Xiang of Chu visited Lantai Palace, and Song Yujing served. Suddenly the wind came, and Wang Nai took it with his lapel and said, Come on, wind! What am I doing with Shu Ren? Song Yu said to him: This is the king's ear, and Shu Ren has an ear! ? Wang Yue:? Husband's demeanor, the spirit of heaven and earth, come and go freely, regardless of height. How can I say that this son thinks I am alone? Song Yu said to him: Listen to the teacher said: a word to the nest, is groundless. If others support it, the atmosphere will be different. ?
Wang Yue:? Is it safe to have a husband? Song Yu said to him: Husband's wind was born in the ground and began at the end of green apples. Invasion of the valley, anger at the mouth of the soil bag. The fate of Mount Tai lies in dancing, wandering and being angry under the pine and cypress. Thunder, go back to the wrong point. Cut down trees by cutting stones, and kill Lin Mang at the tip. Until it will decline, it will be dismantled by Li, punched and moved, and it will be revived and scattered. So, when it is cool and magnificent, it floats and lifts. Take Gaolingcheng and enter the deep palace. Arriving in China, leaves and vibration, wandering between cinnamon peppers, soaring in the water, Haruki. Will hit the essence of hibiscus. Hunting grass, being close to the new, being fattened by yang, returning to the cave to rush to the mausoleum, depression. Then wander the atrium, go north to Yutang, join Luo Zhuang, and cross the bridal chamber, which is the wind of kings. Therefore, it is a person in the wind, straight and sad, cool and cool. Clear and clear, the more sick you are, the more you can analyze your illness, the more you can invent your eyes and ears, and the better you can do. This so-called the glory of the king also. ?
Wang Yue:? Easy to talk about! The wind in Shu Ren, how can you smell it? Song Yu said to him: However, the wind in Shu Ren rises in the poor alleys, blowing up dust, full of troubles and slamming the door. Shaking sand, blowing dust, miserable and rotten, evil is thinner than an urn. As for the room. Therefore, they are people in the wind, straight and gloomy, wet and cold, people in the center, and people who are sick and hot. The middle lip is scorpion, the eyes are scorpion, and coughing will kill you. So is this so-called Shu Ren female wind. ?
King Xiang of Chu played music in Lantai Palace, accompanied by Song Yu and Jing Ke. A gust of wind blew, and King Xiang of Chu lifted his skirt to meet the blowing breeze and said, This wind is really refreshing! Is this what I like to be with people? Song Yu replied:? This is just the wind that the king likes. How can the people enjoy it with the king? ?
King Chu Xiang said. ? Wind is the air flowing between heaven and earth. It is omnipotent, unimpeded, and can be blown regardless of height. Now you think only I can enjoy it. Is there any reason? Song Yu replied. ? According to the teacher, when a bitter citrus reticulata tree bends many forks, it is easy to attract birds to nest. Where there is a hole, the wind blows. Because of different environmental conditions, the momentum of the wind is also different. ?
King Xiang of Chu asked:? Where did the wind originally come from? Song Yu replied:? The wind is generated on the earth, rises from the tip of the green grass, gradually expands to the valley, growls at the mountain pass, and dances wildly under the pine and cypress forest along the ravine. The wind is uncertain, forming the sound of hitting objects; The wind flies like anger, the wind is like thunder, and the wind is intertwined. Sand and stones fly, and strong winds destroy and break trees, impacting the forest Yuan Ye. When the thistle wind gradually subsided, the wind weakened and spread in all directions, so we had to drill into the small hole and shake the door bolt. After the wind and dust settled, the scenery became clear and bright, and the breeze gradually drifted in all directions. As a result, the cool and comfortable majestic wind fluttered up and down, jumped over the high wall and entered the deep palace. It is blowing flowers and fragrant, swirling between laurel trees and pepper trees, and flying slowly on the fast-flowing water. So the wind blew the lotus on the water, swept the grassland, separated Qin Heng, leveled Xinyi and covered the nascent vegetation. It whirled violently and hit the mountains, causing all kinds of herbs and fragrant flowers to wither and wither. Then the wind lingered in the courtyard, blew into the palace to the north, rose to the silk curtain and entered the deep inner room, becoming the wind of kings. So that kind of wind blows on people, and its situation is simply bleak and cold, and the cool cold wind makes people sigh. Clear and refreshing, can not only cure diseases, but also relieve alcoholism, making people awake and calm. This is the glory of being the only king! ?
King Chu Xiang said. ? You have explained this matter very clearly! So, can you also talk about the civilian style? Song Yu replied:? The wind of ordinary people suddenly blew from a deserted and remote alley, and the raised dust whirled uneasily and resentfully, hitting the gap and invading the portal. Blow up dust and sand, blow away ash piles, stir up dirty things, raise rotten garbage, obliquely approach the window made of broken urn mouth, and blow all the way to the straw house where people live. Therefore, that kind of wind blows on people, and its situation is simply disturbing, melancholy and depressing. Suffering from the sultry air, it becomes humid, making people feel sad, sick and feverish about the past. When the wind blows on the lips, it will cause lip sores, and when it blows on the eyes, it will make the eyes red and swollen. When people get sick from the wind, they will make their mouths twitch, bite their teeth, breathe and fall into a state of half death. This is the feminine style of ordinary people. ?
Note 1, King Xiang of Chu: that is, the son of Wang Qing of Chu Xiang, the word Heng, from seventeen to fifty-two years (before 298? 263) before in place.
2. Lantai Palace: It is the place where the imperial court collects ancient books and Tanshi, and it is also the place where the King of Chu visited east of Du Ying and west of Yunmeng in the Northern Han Dynasty.
3. Jing Cha: Dr. Chu, Han Shu? Do the watches of ancient and modern people? Jingcuo? . ? Poor? For what? Discuss? Borrowing province.
4. Waiter: Stand around and wait, here refers to the entourage.
5. Hey: Wind.
6. Lapel: Open the lapel.
7. When: Facing the wind. When, face, face.
8. Me: What did the ancient kings mean by their humble names? A man with no virtue. .
Shu Ren: All people refer to the people.
10, * * *: means * * * sharing.
1 1, evil: same? Is it? Interrogative modal particles
12, independent: just, just.
13, An: How about interrogative pronouns?
14, Germany: Right, right.
15, Pu: Tong? Pu? , omnipotent.
16, smooth: smooth.
17, Fructus Aurantii: a small deciduous tree, also known as Exocarpium Citri Grandis, with curved branches and thorns.
18, sentence (g is not u): bend.
19, lai: incur.
20. Nest: Used as a verb to build a nest.
2 1, groundless: where there is a cave, there is wind coming in. Hole, conjunction, namely hole.
22. its: refers to? Bird's nest and? Wind? .
23. trust: rely on.
24. Of course: So, so.
25, special: different, different.
Husband: The first word of the sentence has no practical meaning.
27. Start: Start, start.
28. Ann: How's it going?
29. Qing Ping (P? N) Finally: the tip of the green apple. Apples, ferns, perennial shallow water herbs. Also called? Four-leaf clover Cao? .
30. Sexual assault: gradually entering.
3 1, Valley: Valley.
32, suffocation: rage, describe the wind is fierce.
33. capsules (n? Ng): caves.
34. Edge: Along.
35. Mount Tai: A big mountain. Soup? Also? .
36. One (Qin): Qu Shan.
37. erratic: uncertain appearance, described here as strong wind.
38. Hey (P? Ng pāng): the sound made by a strong wind hitting an object.
39, exciting (y? Ng): Encourage flying.
40.biāo anger: describe the wind as fierce as fire. Hey, the fire is flying.
4 1, rudder (h? ng h？ Ng): the wind.
42. Thunder: The wind is like thunder.
43. Back to the topic: the wind direction is uncertain and the echo is fast.
44. No (wǔ): The look of uncertainty.
45. (home? ) stone: shake the stone, fly sand and walk the stone. Shake, shake.
46. Logging: destruction of trees.
47, tip (shāo) kill forest m ǐ ng (mǐ ng): destroy trees and remove weeds. Shooting means destroying vegetation. Rough, grass.
48, to be beautiful, put away: all are conjunctions, scattered.
49. Punching: Rushing into the hole.
50. move (Ji? N): Blow the latch. Latch, bolt
5 1, Hu (Xu? N) Huanlan and Huanlan: They are conjunctions with bright colors and dazzling brilliance.
52, discrete transfer: describe the way the breeze drifts around.
53. Gone with the wind: the meaning of flying and fluttering.
54. Rise and fall: compound words with partial meanings. l？ Meaning.
55. Riding Ling: Get up. Multiply and improve.
56. High city: a tall city wall.
57. Deep Palace: Deep Palace.
58. Di (dǐ): Tong? Arrive? Touch.
59. W: Same? Flowers? .
60. Vibration: shaking and oscillation.
6 1, Cinnamomum cassia, a kind of fragrant wood.
62. Pepper (jiāo): Zanthoxylum bungeanum, a kind of fragrant wood.
63. Soaring: Describe the wind soaring and spinning in the air like a bird.
64. Agitating water: The rushing water is still urgent.
65. Hibiscus essence: hibiscus flower. Okay, yes? Qing? , which is China (flower).
66. Hunting: Pass? Hey? Trample, here means blow away.
67. Wei (Hu? ): vanilla name, similar to blue grass.
68. Leave: Experience. Historical records? Su Chuan's chastity justice:? Stay, calendar also. ?
69. Qin Heng: Heng, originally from Qin (now in the water area).
70. General: An instrument used to scrape buckets and hooves when measuring grain in ancient times.
7 1, Xinyi: What is that? Xinyi? Also known as? Stay abroad? , a kind of vanilla.
72. Being covered means passing by.
73.(t？ ) Yang: A new poplar.
74. Going back to the cave and rushing to the mausoleum: circling in the cave and rushing to Yu Ling. Rush crashed. Ling, Tong? Ling? , infringement.
75, agarwood: make all kinds of fragrant flowers and weeds wither and wither. Depression is used as a verb here.
76. if (ch? ng y？ Ng): Still? Wandering? .
77. Atrium: In the courtyard. A yard in the middle.
78. Yutang: a temple decorated with jade, also known as a temple.
79. Jump (jρ): rise, board.
80. Luo Wei (w? I): Silk Luo Zhi curtains.
8 1, bridal chamber: refers to the deep inner chamber of the palace. A deep hole.
82. In (zh? Ng) Human form: refers to the way the wind blows on people. Hit, hit, hit. Form, condition, situation.
83, straight: deliberate, special.
84. (cn) Sorrow: Sorrow and sadness.
85. Chestnut: It looks cold.
86. Add: by? Layer? Repeat, repeat.
87. Alas (xρ): Alas. This is a sigh or sigh, which means that when a cool breeze blows in hot weather, I can't help but breathe a sigh of relief.
88. Qing Qingling (L? Ng: It looks cool.
89, the more sick: cure the disease.
90. analysis (ch? Ng): hangover. Smoking, drowsiness and dizziness after drinking.
9 1. Invent eyes and ears: make eyes and ears clear. Send, open. Bright, bright.
92. Better body and flatter people: make your body peaceful and comfortable.
93, on things: analyze things.
94. Hey: Tong? Its? , indicating expectations.
95.(wěng) Ran: The way the wind suddenly rises.
96. Poor alley: a remote alley.
97.“(kū)”(k？ ): The wind blows up dust. Come on, rush. Dust.
98. Apollo: Depression is uneven.
99, annoyed: angry, resentful.
100, attack: enter.
10 1, sand: sand dust, sandy soil.
102. White ash: cooled ash.
103, horror: a fright. This means stirring.
104, Kan (h? N) turbidity: refers to dirty things. Hey, pass the ball? Fuck? .
105, remaining (y? ): Rotting garbage.
106, evil thin: refers to the wind invading from the side. Evil, pass? Tilt? . Thin and approaching.
107, urn (w? Ng yǒu): Dig a round hole in the earth wall and insert the window made of broken urn. Urn, a kind of pottery with a round bottom and a round mouth. You, window.
108, Shilu: refers to the humble hut where Shu Ren lived. Lou, the cabin.
109, Yan (d? N) upset.
1 10, Yu Yi: depressed.
1 1 1. Dampness caused by beating temperature: it drives away warm and humid qi and makes people wet. Fight, pass the ball? Driving? .
1 12, center: heart.
1 13, miserable (d? ): tragic and sad. Oh, pain.
1 14, heating: heating.
1 15, middle lip: blown on people's lips.
1 16, Zhang (zhěn): sores on the lips.
1 17, the purpose is to despise: blowing into the eyes will cause eye diseases.
1 18, and you're done (d? n z？ s？ U Hu? ): The way your mouth moves after a stroke. Hey, eat. Pheasant, bite. Cough and chew. Cough and suck. Get it, shout.
1 19, death and life: neither dead nor alive. This state after a stroke. Living means recovering from illness. Pawn, pass? Suddenly? In a hurry, relatively quickly.
Song Yu, Zi Ziyuan, was born in the Warring States Period (now Yicheng, Xiangfan) and was a Chu Ci Fu writer. Born after Qu Yuan, he was still a disciple of Qu Yuan. He used to be the king's assistant. Hao Fu is a writer of Ci Fu who is as famous as Le Tang and Jing Ke after Qu Yuan. According to legend, there are many words, "Han Shu?" Volume thirty? There are 16 essays in Ten Records of Arts and Literature, which are numerous today. His works include Nine Arguments, Feng Fu, Gao, and The Ode to a Disciple, but some people suspect that he didn't write the last three. So-called? Xiariba? 、? Chun Xue? 、? Qu Gao and widowed women? All the allusions come from him.
The author's life About Song Yu's life, according to historical records? Biographies of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng states: "After Qu Yuan's death, there were followers of Song Yu, Jing Ke in Chu, all of whom were fond of Ci and were named Fu." But they all inherited Qu Yuan's calm words, so they didn't dare to directly remonstrate. "This narrative is extremely brief." There is a saying in Han Shi Zhuan that "Song Yu met Chu Xiang because of his friends". Liu Xiang's "New Preface" wrote that "Song Yu met King Xiang of Chu because of his friends" and "I didn't see King Xiang of Chu", and at the same time "Chu Weiwang (the grandfather of King Xiang of Chu) asked Song Yu". Wang Yi said that he was a disciple of Qu Yuan in The Songs of the South. The Old Biography of Xiangyang, which was learned in the Jin Dynasty, also said: "Song Yu was a Chu, so there was Song Yu in Yicheng, which began with Qu Yuan. He was exiled and asked for a friend of Chu. "In short, there are different opinions about Song Yu's life, which is hard to tell. Generally speaking, Song was born after Qu Yuan, was born in poverty, and had a rough career.
It is generally believed that Song Yu studied under Qu Yuan. However, some scholars believe that 200 years later, Wang Yi said that Song Yu was a disciple of Qu Yuan. Zu (inheritance and imitation) Qu Yuan? Understand as? Learn from Qu Yuan? Yes
The earliest basis is "Han Shu? Yiwenzhi contains 16 articles. Today, according to legend, his nine arguments and evocation are found in Wang Yi's Songs of the South. There are five articles in Xiao Tong's Selected Works, namely Feng Fu, Gao, Goddess Fu, Disciple Fu and Ask the King of Chu. There are 6 pieces of Fu for flute playing, Fu for big eyes, Fu for small words, Fu for satire, Fu for fishing and Fu for dancing, which can be found in Zhang Qiao's Guwenyuan. Three pieces of Gaotangdui, Wei Yongfu Dui and Ying Zhong Dui were found in Wen Guangxuan by Liu Jie in the Ming Dynasty. However, these works are mixed with authenticity, and only one "Nine Arguments" is credible and has no objection. Evocation of Soul is controversial, and it is generally believed that it was written by Qu Yuan.
There are still some people, such as Gao, Goddess Fu, Disciple Fu and Feng Fu, who think that it was not written by Song Yu, but their position in the history of literature is still quite important.
Although Song Yu's achievements are difficult to compare with Qu Yuan's, he is the direct successor of Qu Yuan's poetic art. In his works, the description of things tends to be delicate and meticulous, and the combination of lyricism and scenery writing is natural and appropriate, which plays a connecting role between Chu Ci and Han Fu. Later generations often called Qu Ode, which shows Song Yu's position in the history of literature.
There is no life in watching the wind, and there is no distinction between men and women, but it is a fact that the air in the palace is fresh and the air in the slums is dirty. The author's perception of wind is different from hearing, sight and smell, which vividly describes? Xiong Feng? With what? Female wind? The sharp difference between the emperor and the poor reflects the world difference in life. The former is arrogant and extravagant, while the latter is miserable and sad. Satire is included in the description and is intended to imply.
The emperor lived in seclusion in the deep palace and had a superior living environment. The violent wind entered the deep palace of the high city, and it has already become a cool and healing wind. The people who live in poor alleys and caves have a bad living environment and no protection. The wind is invading wantonly, but they are helplessly affected by the wind. As the article points out? It is groundless for an orange hook to come to the nest, but the person it entrusted is also unusual. ? Because of different living conditions, we feel different about the wind. The wind brought enjoyment to the emperor and disaster to the poor. Whether it is Song Yu's gag, amusing the emperor or subtle irony, the feelings of happiness and misfortune brought by the wind to people of different conditions are objective.
From the beginning of the article to? Listen to the teacher said: a word to the nest, is groundless. If others support it, the atmosphere will be different. ? For the first paragraph. This passage caused? Xiong Feng? And then what? Female wind? The background of the debate puts forward the argument that ethos brings people different feelings.
The second paragraph discusses the formation and origin of the wind, and the process from weak to strong, from strong to weak, until it enters the palace and becomes a breeze, floating around to absorb the essence of everything and then bringing it to the emperor for enjoyment. Before entering the city, the furious wind floated like a breeze, climbed the city wall and entered the deep palace, shaking the leaves of China and wandering among the fragrant trees, looking for their fragrance; Picking hibiscus fragrance in Linchi; Water swept away the grass; Split Qin Heng, wave magnolia flowers to grab the fragrance, put on poplars to collect the tender fragrance, and then stroll in the atrium with spiced flowers, go north to the Jade Palace, and enter the deep palace through layers of curtains. This description is quite vivid, like describing an affectionate and cautious king courtier, carefully modulating the wind that the king needs. The description of the wind here implies the sacred privilege of the emperor's greed and the respect and piety of the courtiers when they serve the emperor. What the emperor got was not natural wind, but carefully modulated service. The enjoyment brought by the wind to the emperor seems to be a panacea. This kind of relaxation and pleasure, like waking up from an illness, is extremely pleasant and makes the emperor sigh? So happy! ? This is the glory enjoyed by emperors. This is also a profile of the emperor's life, revealing the luxury and greed of the emperor's life.
The third syllogism describes the wind in Shu Ren. Suddenly, it started in the blocked roadway, raising dust, screaming like an angry ghost and banging on the door. When this comes, people feel how arrogant and terrible the wind is for the poor! Then roll up sand, blow up ashes, stir up dirty garbage, raise a rancid smell, insert it obliquely into the window made of broken urns, and go straight to the hut. This evil wind runs rampant in the caves of the poor, making them dizzy, depressed, weak and weak, and then they get sick with fever, get aphtha in their mouths, and then get red eye disease in their eyes, and then their mouths twitch, suck, scream and scream, unable to speak, and have a stroke. This is the feminine style in Shu Ren. Through this description, we can deeply feel the poor living environment of the people and feel the difficulties and pains of the people's survival.
Through the majesty of the emperor and the femininity of the poor, we deeply feel that life under the same blue sky is so unequal. The root of this inequality is not natural disasters, but wanton trampling on human rights. Because of the different living environment, masculinity brings unparalleled enjoyment, while female wind brings disaster of wanting to cry.