A: Contrast technique.
Five or six sentences, "Cattle and sheep practice new grass more, and their crowns are graceful and old", mean: cattle and sheep trample, large areas of spring grass are chaotic, horses and chariots gallop, and old officials are arrogant.
The anger in the poet's heart turned into hatred and resentment, which made the connotation of the whole poem deeper and richer. "Cattle and sheep practice shoes" is not only a realistic prospect, but also a subtle irony to foreign invaders. As the Qing people who just entered the customs from nomadic tribes, cattle and sheep trampled on the splendid mountains and rivers, just like iron hooves ravaged the north and south of the river. The word "many new grasses" has profound implications and vividly depicts the desolate countryside trampled by cattle and sheep. Only the weeds are constantly updated, and the tragic situation of the people can be imagined. In contrast, it is an elegant official car cover, crowding round and parading through the city. What is even more shocking is the word "semi-old". Those powerful people who used to be officials in the Ming Dynasty, before the foreign invasion, grovelled and rich, became the nouveau riche of today's dynasty. They have no national integrity, regardless of national life and death, and only pursue personal happiness. Didn't these scum ruin the country in the Ming Dynasty? This closely echoes the last couplet "Who made the mountains and rivers break". The "crown of gracefulness" contrasts with the identities of poets Chai Jing and Ma Xie, showing the meaning of "our capital is nosy, but you are lonely, helpless and poor", and the poet's strong national integrity becomes more and more clear. "Renewing grass" and "semi-old youth", one is new and the other is old. The new grass covers the old mountains and rivers, but the old youth plays the role of nouveau riche. It is not difficult to see the poet's ability to hammer words and refine sentences.