Li Pingluo cited Li He.
Wu Si, Shu and Zhang Tong are in high autumn, and the empty mountains are not flowing.
Jiang Yue wept for Motome's sadness, while Ping Li was playing China.
Kunshan jade broken Fengming, hibiscus crying, Xianglan laughing.
The cold light melts in front of the twelve gates, and the twenty-three silk moves the purple emperor.
Nu Wa makes up the sky by refining stones, and the stones break the ground to stir up the autumn rain.
Dream into the holy mountain to teach the gods, and the old fish dance with the waves.
Wu Mian leans against the laurel tree, showing his feet and flying obliquely to wet cold rabbits.
Enjoy 1
This poem was written from the sixth year of Yuanhe (8 1 1) to the eighth year of Yuanhe. At that time, Li He was appointed as Li Lang in the capital Chang 'an. Li Ping, a disciple of Li Yuan, is famous for playing the piano. "The emperor meets the princes one day", and his social status seems to be much higher than that of Li Guinian, a famous singer in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His superb skills were warmly appreciated by the poet. Li He has rich imagination, magnificent colors and strong artistic appeal. In the Qing Dynasty, Fang Funan compared it with Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip and Han Yu's Listening to the Master of Lingxiu, and praised it as "copying the sound to the text" (see Fang Funan's Notes on Li Changji's Poems, Volume I).
The first sentence of the poem comes straight to the point, and the writing structure of Wu Si Shutong is excellent, so as to set off the performer's superb skills, that is, writing things, that is, writing people, killing two birds with one stone. The word "high autumn" not only means late autumn in September, but also means "crisp autumn", which is more meaningful than "late autumn" and "late autumn" Write music in two or three sentences. The poet deliberately avoids the invisible, colorless and elusive subject (rustling sound) and writes from objects (such as "empty mountains and condensed clouds"), which is both true and illusory and extremely expressive.
As soon as the beautiful and melodious string songs came out, the clouds in the empty Shan Ye slumped and stagnated, as if they were listening; Xiang Eqing and Motome, who are good at playing drums and piano, were also moved to tears by music. The sentences in "Empty Mountain" empathize with things, and writing about clouds has human auditory function and thoughts and feelings, which seems to go further than "If the sky is affectionate, the sky will be old" ("Golden Copper Immortal Ci Han Song"). It cooperates with the following sentence "Jiang E" and brings out the best in each other, trying to set off the magic and beauty of the voice, which has the charm of "earth-shattering, making the gods cry". In the fourth sentence, "Li Xihua", the surname and first name of the actor were pointed out with the "Fu" pen, and the performance place was explained. In the first four sentences, the poet deliberately broke through the general way of telling people, time and place in turn, and made other careful arrangements. He first wrote the piano and the sound, and then wrote the person, time and place in tandem, interspersed among them. This highlights the music and has the artistic power of sound.
Five or six sentences are all positive music, but each has its own characteristics. "Kunshan" sentence is written by sound, focusing on the ups and downs of music; "Lotus" sentence is to write the sound in form and deliberately render the beauty of music. "Kunshan Phoenix Call", sometimes all the strings sing together, such as landslides, it is difficult to distinguish; Sometimes a string sounds alone, just like a phoenix chirping, shaking trees, very sonorous. "Lianku Lanxiao" is a strange idea. Dewy hibiscus flowers (that is, lotus flowers) are not uncommon, and blooming orchids do give people the feeling of wanting to laugh. They are all incarnations of beauty. The poet described the sadness of the piano with "the tears and dew of the lotus", while "the laughter of Lan Xiang" showed the joy of the piano, which can be heard and witnessed. This expression is really wonderful.
From the seventh sentence to the end of the article, I wrote about sound effects. Write nearby first. The cold air in front of Chang 'an Twelve Doors was completely melted by the rustle. In fact, cold air can't melt, because Li Ping plays so well that people are intoxicated by his wonderful string songs, and even can't feel the cold dew in late autumn. Although the language is romantic and exaggerated, it expresses a true feeling. "Purple Emperor" is a pun, referring to the Emperor of Heaven and the emperor at that time. The poet's substitution of "Purple Emperor" for "King" is not only the pursuit of novel words and expressions, but also a clever transitional technique, which connects the preceding with the following and naturally expands the artistic conception of poetry from the world to the fairy house. In the next six sentences, the poet flies to heaven and mountains with the wings of imagination, bringing readers into a broader, deeper, more magical and magnificent realm. "Nu Wa tempered the stone to make up the sky, and the stone shook the autumn rain", and the music spread to the sky. Nu Wa, who fills the sky, was fascinated and even forgot her duties. As a result, the stone was broken and the autumn rain poured down. How bold, unexpected and touching this imagination is. The word "tease" closely links the powerful charm of music with the above-mentioned strange and magnificent scenes. Moreover, the scene of the rock-breaking autumn rain can also be regarded as a manifestation of the musical image.
In the fifth couplet, the poet described the holy mountain from heaven. Wonderful music was introduced into the holy mountain, and the priest was moved by it; The music is so profound that "the old fish dances thin". The poet decorated the ichthyosaur with the words "old" and "thin", which seemed dull and shriveled, but it had a completely opposite artistic effect, making the musical image fuller. Old fish and thin jiaozi are already fragile and difficult to move. Now they are dancing to the melody of music. This unexpected image description makes the invisible and wonderful sound appear in relief to the readers.
The above eight sentences are all forms, mostly moving images, novel and magnificent, which are dizzying. At the end of the sentence, further contrast is made with still life: after cutting the laurel tree for a day, exhausted WU GANG leaned against the laurel tree and stood for a long time, forgetting to sleep; Jade rabbit crouched aside, letting the dew in the middle of the night keep falling on her body, soaking her sweater and refusing to leave. These beautiful images full of thoughts and feelings, like the bright moon projected on the water, are deeply imprinted in the readers' hearts, distant, amusing and memorable.
The greatest feature of this poem is its peculiar imagination, vivid image and romantic color. Poets are committed to transforming their abstract feelings, feelings and ideas about sound into concrete objects with the help of association, making them visible and sensible. Poetry does not directly judge Li Ping's skills, nor directly describe the poet's self-feelings, but only describes music and its effects. But throughout the whole article, the poet's feelings are everywhere, and his feelings and comments on music are clearly expressed in twists and turns. This makes the external image and internal feelings blend into one, forming a pleasing artistic realm. (Zhu Shiying)
Appreciate II
Music is a time art that appeals to hearing, and its sound only exists for a moment, and it is fleeting. Music image is abstract and elusive, and it is even more difficult to express its beauty in words. This poem by Li He stands out among many Tang poems describing music and has won readers' love. It is reasonable for people to list Li He's poems as "masterpieces of imitating sound" with Bai Juyi's Pipa and Han Yu's Listening to Clever Playing the Piano.
But Li He's poems are different from those of Bai Juyi and Han Yu. Bai Juyi's Pipa and Han Yu's Listening to the Spiritual Master mainly try to depict the image of music through metaphor, image sound and other means. For example, "big strings are like rain, small strings are like secret words" and "like pearls of different sizes"; "Love your child and hate your partner", "Roaring bird, suddenly seeing a lonely phoenix" and so on. Although Li He also used two sentences to describe the musical image played by Li Ping gracefully (although these two sentences were beautifully written), Li He mainly did not use descriptive techniques to elaborate the musical image, but focused on "emotion" and the feeling of music and the strong and thrilling artistic power of music.
The poet Li He did not follow the general thinking track when describing the emotional and artistic effects of the music played by Li Ping. And gallop your bold fantasy and rich association to form a magical and overwhelming artistic realm to express music. Here, try to translate it in the form of a new poem
Wu Si extremely is made of delicate crickets, and the music is playing in the beautiful late autumn.
Hearing the wonderful music, the white clouds in the sky condense and no longer linger;
The Hunan-Hubei love spilled tears all over the bamboo forest, and the nine-day trip to Motome was also full of sadness.
Where does this wonderful music come from? That's Li Ping playing cricket in Guodu.
Like the plum rain in Kunlun, the voice is crisp, like the passionate and loud voice of the phoenix;
Like hibiscus sobbing in dew, like orchids blooming in the wind, laughing softly.
The streets of Chang 'an are quiet as if immersed in a cold light.
Twenty-three strings were strung high and tapped lightly, and the heartstrings of the gods were also attracted by music.
Loud music soared into the sky, shaking the sky of Nu Wa.
It's like the sky was broken by a shocking stone, which led to the sound of autumn rain all over the sky.
In the dead of night, music brings people into dreams, dreaming that Ping Li taught his skills to the goddess;
The old fish in the lake also rose and jumped in the waves, and the thin dragon in the pool danced happily.
WU GANG was deeply attracted by the music in the Moon Palace and lingered under the osmanthus tree all night.
The rabbit under the laurel tree also stood there listening, regardless of the oblique flight and cold of dew!
Here, we can see that the poet Li He is like a magical magician, driving the still life and animals of nature, evoking the images of many gods in myths and legends, writing the artistic effect of powerful and moving music, and showing Li Ping's superb piano playing art. There are white clouds in the sky, autumn rain, old fish and thin jiaozi in the pond, and myths and legends include Hunan and Hubei love, Motome, Purple Emperor, tortoise, WU GANG, Jade Rabbit and so on. Li was moved by the music played by the piano, even those still life and ignorant animals with no feelings, and even the gods above were fascinated by this music. In this way, abstract and elusive music and its wonderful artistic effects are vividly and concretely presented to readers, which makes readers immersed in the strange artistic realm and causes rich fantasies.
The poet's imagination is strange and unusual. For example, music inspires fish and birds, which has also been written by predecessors. Liezi said, "Playing drums and piano makes birds dance and jump." This description is still a conventional thinking track. But Li He wrote "Old Fish" and "Thin jiaozi", which is a strange artistic image. For another example, the poem says "teach the gods". If you follow the general thinking procedure, you will say that Li Ping's skill is excellent and was taught by the goddess. This statement has been exaggerated. There are many such descriptions, so I don't need to repeat them. However, Li He said that it is unusual for Li Neng to teach a goddess who is good at acting. For another example, Bai Juyi's music "A silver vase suddenly breaks with a stream of water" describes the thinking track that ordinary readers can grasp; But Li He said that music broke the place where Nu Wa tried to fill the sky with five-color stones, which led to an autumn rain. This article is very novel. In addition, hibiscus cries and vanilla laughs, which is also unusual. Here we can see the artistic features of Li He's strange imagination and novel images. Another notable feature of the poet's fantasy and association in this poem is jumping. In this poem, the poet's thinking activities are sometimes underground and sometimes in the sky; Sometimes animals, sometimes plants; Sometimes God is a man, and sometimes God is an emperor. The context of his narrative is not in a certain order, but follows the flow of the poet's imagination. Wherever he imagines, the pen will go. This writing method not only enriches the artistic conception of poetry in content, but also makes the artistic conception of poetry have a flowing and swaying beauty in form. Magical beauty, peculiar beauty and flowing beauty are the artistic beauty of Li He's poems.
Another feature of this poem is the combination of reality and fiction. In this way, the poet introduced us into a reality similar to Aristotle's "artistic illusion". In fact, this has something in common with the similarity and dissimilarity of artistic images in China's classical aesthetic theory. It is in this romantic artistic realm that we get a pleasure similar to Kant's idea that imagination and understanding can cooperate harmoniously and move freely. You see, the poet wrote the music played by Li Ping, whether it is "Jiang E cries for bamboo and worries", whether it is the phoenix calling, the fragrant orchid laughing, melting the cold light, moving the purple emperor, dancing the dragon, teasing the autumn rain, Wu sleepless and so on. As mentioned above, all these scenes and images have double or multiple meanings, and they are not only used to express music in effect. Wang Qi, a poet in A Qing, regarded almost every sentence of this poem as a "clear word", because he didn't quite understand the mystery of this artistic dialectics of "scenery-like, emotion-like, reality-like" and "between solvable and unsolvable", so it was naturally difficult to grasp the aesthetic characteristics of this romantic music poem.
Pipa Trip was written in the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (AD 8 16). Bai Juyi was forty-five years old and was appointed as Jiangzhou Sima. Bai Juyi was first left to collect the remains ten years ago, and then he was left to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, the forces of the Tang Dynasty sent assassins to stab Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Pei Du at the head of Chang 'an Avenue, which caused great controversy in the ruling and opposition parties. A spokesman for the North Korean buffer region army further demanded the removal of Pei Du to stabilize the buffer region's "anti-frontier" heart. At this time, Bai Juyi stepped forward and insisted on recruiting thieves, thinking that otherwise the country would not be a country. Bai Juyi's idea is right, but because he always writes allegorical poems and offends many powerful people in the imperial court, some people say that he is a humble official and oversteps his authority. Plus someone accused him of being Luo Zhi, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. Jiangzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. Sima is the assistant of the secretariat, which sounds good, but in fact, in the middle Tang Dynasty, this position was specially set up for "criminal" officials and was sent to a certain place in disguise for supervision and supervision. This incident had a great influence on Bai Juyi and was a turning point in his ideological transformation. Since then, his early fighting spirit has gradually worn away and his negative emotions have increased.
Pipa Travel was written in the second year of his relegation to Jiangzhou. By describing the pipa girl's superb acting skills and bleak life experience, the work expresses the author's personal frustration and sadness at her political blow and relegation. Here, the poet regards a female advocate as his confidante, sharing joys and sorrows with her, writing about others, crying about others, ups and downs in the official sea, and life is sad and integrated, thus making his works have unusual appeal.
The preface introduces the time and place of the story told in the long poem, the pipa girl and the origin of the author's writing this poem. In fact, it has simply summarized the basic content of this long poem. Left shift: refers to demotion and official demotion. Ganpukou: where Ganshui meets the Yangtze River, in the west of Jiujiang City. Kyoto Tone: The charm of Chang 'an, the capital, refers to the regional characteristics and superb acting skills of the tunes, which are not available in ordinary places. Good talent: used to address pipa players in the Tang Dynasty. Order wine: send someone to prepare the banquet. Poor, sad look. Nature: the appearance of happiness. Relocation: refers to the sorrow of being exiled. The author said that he was exiled to Jiujiang for a year and was happy every day. Only today, he listened to the pipa girl's performance, which aroused his sorrow in exile. This statement is necessary for writing an article, and readers will certainly not believe him. Long sentence: refers to seven-character ancient poems.
The whole poem Pipa Xing is divided into four paragraphs, ranging from "seeing off guests at night in Xunyang River" to "hiding half a face after playing the piano". The first paragraph is about the appearance of a pipa girl. Among them, the first six sentences tell the time, which is a night of maple leaf red, yellow flower yellow and autumn wind rustling; Tell the location, it is Xunyang Jiangtou. Xunyang is today's Jiujiang city; Xunyang Jiangtou is also called Songpukou in the preface above. Explained the background, it was the poet who sent his friend goodbye. Parting itself is unpleasant, and there are no more singers and waitresses before the banquet, which is of course more lonely. The syntax of the sentence "I, the master, have dismounted, and my guest has boarded his boat" is a bit strange. In fact, it means that the master and the guest rode to the river together and dismounted to the boat together. Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. We were leaving each other when the river mysteriously widened towards the full moon. The scenery and atmosphere here are well described, giving people a feeling of emptiness, loneliness and dismay, interwoven with the depression and sadness of the host and guests, forming a strong sense of oppression, which is ready for the sudden turn of events below. Among them, the last eight sentences are written in the front: "We suddenly heard a voice, a guitar crossed the water, the owner forgot to go home, and the guest had to go his way." The sound floated from the water, from the ship. This voice immediately caught the attention of the host and guests. They don't want to leave or go back. They must explore the truth of this wonderful sound. "Where do we follow the melody and ask the player's name? The voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again. However, before she came to us, we shouted a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times. She still hid half of her face behind the guitar and didn't let us see it. " The description here is very detailed. Because it is night, and because they only hear one kind of sound, they don't know where the sound comes from or who the performer is, so the word "seeking the sound and asking the secret" here is very vivid. Then "pipa stops" means that the player heard the call of the holder; "I want to talk late" is consistent with the following "However, before she started coming to us, we made a thousand phone calls and urged her for a thousand times, and still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us", which shows that the performer is depressed and ashamed of the degradation of her life experience, and she is no longer willing to show her face. The description of this pipa girl's appearance is vivid and touching. She didn't see the pipa before she heard it, and her inner pain was slightly revealed before she heard it, which caused many suspense for the development of the next story.
Twenty-two sentences are from "... she turned the string shaft and tried to play a few strings. The second paragraph is" We saw the white autumn moon enter the middle of the river ",which describes the superb acting skills of the pipa girl. Among them, "... she turned the tuning shaft and tested several strings" is to write a tuning audition before the official performance; Then "the strings are suppressed" and the sadness of the tune is written; "She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music", written in slow andante. Gathering, twisting, rubbing and picking are all ways to play the pipa. Nishang: namely "colorful feather" is a dance name in the court of Tang Dynasty. Six: a popular dance name at that time. Fourteen sentences, from "the big strings are ringing like rain" to "the four strings are ringing like silk reeling", describe the musical image of pipa music, from fast to slow, to fine, to quiet, to sudden storms, and then to the final blow, which comes to an abrupt end. The poet used a series of vivid metaphors here, which made the more abstract musical image suddenly become a visual image. There are big beads and small beads falling from the jade plate, Guan Ying's words flowing in the flowers, thin lines under the water ice, and the "silence is better than sound" is gone, and the sudden fracture of the silver bottle and the iron horse makes the listener feel sad, relieved, relaxed and afraid. "Dong Fang is silent, and we see the white autumn moon entering the heart of the river." These two sentences are about the performance effect of the pipa girl. Everyone was fascinated, the performance was over, and the listeners were still immersed in the realm of music. There was silence all around, except for a bright moon reflected in the water.
The third paragraph, from "thinking about strings" to "being awakened from a dream by her hot tears", is a total of 24 sentences, which are about the life experience of the pipa girl. She was once very popular in her early years, but later she became older and declined. Hesitate: To hesitate or hesitate. Convergence: refers to putting away the emotions when playing ball and solemnly respecting others again. Waling: Xiamaling, the tomb of Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty, is located in the southeast of Chang 'an, near Qujiang. Judging from the following ten sentences, "I mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen", this woman was once a smash hit. She is young and highly skilled. She is admired by the older generation of artists and admired by her peers. The prince and grandson are obsessed with her color art: they will spend a lot of money to invite her to play; She indulged in luxury herself and never knew what meanness meant. In this way, year after year, the good times flow away like running water. Jiao Fang: The official position in charge of the court band in Tang Dynasty. The first part: I like the first group and the first team. Qiu Niang: refers to the beautiful and skilled geisha at that time. Five Mausoleums: The tombs of the five emperors of the Han Dynasty, Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling and Ping Ling, were the places where the rich lived at that time. Juvenile Wuling: usually refers to the children of nobles. Head-binding: refers to the gift given to showgirls in ancient times, which was used in the Tang Dynasty and other property was left to future generations. Red silk: a kind of raw silk fabric. Soup head: a comb with flowers at both ends. Cloud grate: refers to jewelry decorated with jade jewelry. Clap your hands: beat the time. When singing and dancing, clappers were originally made of wood or bamboo, but now it is popular to clap festivals with precious cloud grates, saying luxury and getting carried away. Idle: whatever, do not pay attention. From the following ten sentences "until first her brother went to war, then her aunt died", this woman changed and degenerated. With the decline of her age, aristocratic children stopped coming to the door, and her few relatives left one after another. She is like a pair of outdated shoes, no one will look at her anymore, so she has to marry a businessman. This businessman only cares about making money and never understands art and emotion. He often goes out alone, leaving the poor woman at home. People have memories. In the face of today's loneliness and neglect, recalling the past makes it mine. In contrast, how can it not make people feel sad? Sometimes in the dead of night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. In fact, even if I don't dream, I don't know how many times I have to think about it a day. Fuliang: County name, which governs the north of Jingdezhen, Jiangxi. Red and dry: the face is covered with tears and powder.
From "her first guitar note made me sigh" to "this Jiujiang official" at last. My blue sleeves are wet ",sentence 26 is the fourth paragraph, in which the poet expresses his life experience and sympathy for the pipa girl. Haw: Sigh. "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? "The strong feelings of the second language, the tears of the lost through the ages, also triggered an opportunity of love at first sight for the lost through the ages. From "I came, a year ago, away from the capital", the following twelve sentences describe the poet's loneliness since he was relegated to Jiujiang. He said: "Jiujiang is so far away that I can't hear music, strings or bamboo for a whole year." My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? ? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning with flowers and the autumn night with moonlight shining. Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh and harsh in my ears. " Desolate terrain, harsh environment, sad eyes, nothing to be happy about. In fact, this is largely the result of the poet's own anguish and empathy. Let's compare a passage sung river praised Jiangzhou in Water Margin. He said, "Although I have committed crimes here, I still look at the real mountains and water." Although there are several famous mountains and historical sites there, there is no such scenery. "The poet's sadness and frustration are entirely caused by his political blow, but he can't say that. He just vaguely said that he was also a "fallen man", and he was "sick in seclusion" here, and all other heartbroken pains were pressed to the bottom of his heart. That's why what he saw and heard made people sad. Then, as an equal and sincere friend and a friend in need, he sincerely praised and thanked the pipa girl for her wonderful performance and asked her to play another song. He wanted to write a long poem "Pipa Trip" for her. Pipa girl doesn't want to associate with others anymore. Later, when she saw that the poet was so sincere and emotional, she set the tone and played a more tragic tune. This piece of music made all the listeners cry. What about sentimental poets? Look at his blue chest. It's soaked through. String pulling: to tighten the strings to improve the tone. Blue: Casual clothes with eight or nine grades. Sima was born with nine grades, so he wears blue.
This poem is very artistic. First, he combined the singer and the singer's thoughts and feelings, saying that you are talking about me and I am talking about you. Fates are the same and closely related. After the lute girls narrated their life experiences, the poet thought that they were "neither of us is happy-forever old"; After the poet told her life story, the pipa girl was "... moved by what I said, and she stood there for a while". After the pipa girl played another song, the poet was even more "this Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. " Intimate friends are touching everywhere, and there is love everywhere. Secondly, the technique of writing scenery and music in the poem is superb, closely combined with writing life experiences and expressing sadness, and the atmosphere is consistent, so that the work is immersed in a sad and sad atmosphere from beginning to end. Thirdly, the language of the work is vivid, strong in generalization and simple and flexible, so the whole poem is well-known and easy to recite. For example, "However, before she came to us, we called for it a thousand times and urged it a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us"; "Don't feel dark and hate life, and speak more in silence than in voice"; There were fewer and fewer chariots and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears; "We are not happy-until the end of the day, we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " , and so on are beautiful and moving sentences!
Bai Juyi was originally a poet who cared about the lower class and sympathized with the people's sufferings. This time, he described a touching and pitiful image of a dusty woman in simple language. Because of this poem, Bai Juyi's name is a household name, known to all women and children. Thirty years later, in a poem written to Bai Juyi, Tang Xuanzong said: "The child can understand the Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Hu er can sing Pipa Xing. Even children of ethnic minorities can recite it, let alone Han people with a little culture.