In ancient times, it was called the joy of playing games for boys and girls, and its publication was also from The Book of Songs. Idiom entry: the joy of playing with a boy. Pronunciation: The ancients gave Zhang to a boy to play with, hoping that he would have a jade-like character in the future. In ancient times, it was often used to congratulate others on giving birth to a boy. Idiom Origin: Poem Xiaoya. Zhang zainong "Hua Jia means 60 years old. Others include: infants under one year old, Huangkou, 23 years old, childhood of seven or eight years old, childhood, childhood, youth, hair, hair, 13, 14 years old, cardamom (referring to women), 15 years old and the year of play (.
2. What language knowledge do you have?
1. Common thoughts and feelings of poetry appreciation in college entrance examination: ● Worrying about the country and the people is 1. Expose the ignorance and corruption of rulers. 2. It reflects the pain of separation and war. 3. sympathize with the people's suffering. 4. Worried about the future and destiny of the country and the nation ● Contribute to the country. 1. eager to contribute. 3. Determined to defend the country. 4. The sadness of mountains and rivers falling. 5. Time. 6. Expose the militaristic ambition of the rulers. 7. Miss home and people ● 1. I feel homesick when I travel. 2. homesick for relatives and friends. 4. Homesick in the boudoir ● Farewell to the pavilion ● 1. I barely remember. 2. 1. Landscape feelings, pastoral leisure 2. Feel the past prosperity and the present decline. Ironically, how I feel now. The fleeting youth 5. Career frustration, depression. Comfort yourself with the joy of life II. Six answering modes: (1) Artistic conception analysis: 1. Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem have? What kind of picture is displayed? What scenery do poets use to express their feelings? 2. Answer steps: ① Describe the ways and pictures displayed in the initial stage (translation-loyalty to the original).
② Use four words to summarize the characteristics of the scenery to create an atmosphere (the following four groups). Bleak and desolate; Magnificent; Quiet+bright. (3) Answer the poet's feelings (answer the reason first, then answer the feelings).
3. Examples of answering questions: two quatrains (1) Du Fu is beautiful in the mountains at night, and the flowers are fragrant in the spring breeze. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Note: At this time, it was written when the poet temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old". Q: What kind of scenery does this poem depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Please analyze it briefly.
A: ① This poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the river reflects the sunshine, and the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants. The mud melts, the mud is wet, and the swallows are busy building their nests with mud.
The sun is shining and the beach is warm. Yuanyang can't sleep on the beach. This is a bright and dazzling picture.
③ It shows the poet's happy and leisurely state of mind after ending his wandering life and settling down. (2) Analysis skill type: 1. Question: What kind of expression? What kind of artistic technique? What kind of skill (technique)? How to express feelings? 2. Answer steps: ① Tell them clearly.
② Prove why by combining poems. (3) Use this technique to effectively express the concept of-.
3. Example of answering the question: Chen's early travels exposed the brown and bright light of camels, and the stars were dry and bright. Lonely bridges and dreams, grass insects in the depths of rice fields are singing.
Q: What are the main expressions used at this time? What's the effect? Answer: ① Mainly use the method of contrast. (2) The sky is in Liang Fang, and the stars are vertical and horizontal, especially bright, which sets off the darkness at night; The sound of grass insects reflects the silence of the environment.
The contrast between the two highlights the loneliness caused by the poet's early travel and wandering. 3) Language type analysis: 1. Q: What is the language style, language features and art of this poem? 2. Answer steps: ① Choose one or more of the following six words.
Bold and bold; Euphemism and implication; Gorgeous and gorgeous; Concise and clear; Use spoken English; Use overlapping words together. (2) Combined with relevant statements.
(3) the use of this language to express the author's feelings caused by-. 3. Answer for example: Drive away the oriole, and all the music on the tree is complaining about spring.
They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp. Q: Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
A: ① This poem is characterized by freshness and naturalness, and the use of spoken language. (2) "Yellow" is a child's voice, showing a woman's innocence.
"They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to Liaoxi camp to be with him." In simple language, Huang was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband. (3) This is a very natural expression of a woman's longing for her husband.
(4) Refined font: 1. Question method: What is the most vivid word? Give a word, agree or disagree. 2. Answer steps: ① Explain the meaning of this word in the sentence.
(2) translate this sentence (faithful to the original, beautiful language). (3) Answer the poet's feelings (answer the reason first, then answer the feelings).
3. Examples of answers: Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi Nanpu is sad, and the west wind is autumn. Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
Q: In the past, people thought that the word "Kan" seemed ordinary, but in fact it was very vivid and really revealed the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why? I agree.
"Look" in poetry refers to looking back. (2) Leave alone and turn back frequently.
Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. However, we seem to see the image of the lyrical hero with misty eyes, but he wants to see it but dares not.
(3) incisively and vividly shows the sadness of parting. (5) Poetic eye type: 1. Question way: the key; Words that cannot be deleted.
2. Answer steps: ① Explain the meaning of words. ② Call the center by name.
③ It is the key to the whole poem. (located in the first or second paragraph) acts as a general text; (not in the first or second paragraph) serving as a link between the preceding and the following.
3. Example of answering questions: On the spring night in Los Angeles, I heard the flute and Li Bai's "Yu Di" sneaking in, and the spring breeze filled Los Angeles. In this nocturne, the willow is broken, and no one can afford to be homesick.
Q: The word "folding willow" is the key to the whole poem. What does "folding willow" mean? Do you agree with the key theory? Why? Answer: ① "Breaking willow" means "Farewell to homesickness", and the theme of the poem is homesickness. (2) This kind of lovesickness is caused by hearing "folding willow".
Connecting the preceding with the following. (3) It is the key general answer formula of the whole poem (1). The function of a sentence in the text is 1, and the beginning of the text is the opening point; Render the atmosphere (prose), pave the way (narrative), and set suspense (novel, but not tested in Shanghai) as the auxiliary paving way for the following; Below the general collar; 2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; 3. At the end of the article: point out the center (prose); Deepen the theme (narrative); The beginning of reference (argumentative, narrative, novel) (2) the function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid; Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics. 2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; Answer format: key+object+feature 3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking; Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics; Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc. 4. Contrast: emphasize ... highlights ... 5. Repeat.
Know little about Chinese.
1. The first female poet was Cai Yan (Wen Xi).
The first poetess was Li Qingzhao.
3. The first dictionary is Erya.
The first encyclopedia was Yongle Dadian.
5. The first book of poetry is The Book of Songs.
6. The first anthology: Zhao Ming Anthology
7. The first dictionary: Explain Chinese characters by explaining them.
8. The first collection of myths: Shan Hai Jing
9. China's first collection of classical novels: Shi Shuo Xin Yu
10. The first collection of strange stories in classical Chinese, Search for Ji Shen.
1 1. The first bibliography: The Analects of Confucius
The First Biography: Historical Records
12. The first chronicle book is: Spring and Autumn Period.
13. The first dynastic history: Hanshu
14. The first art book: The Art of War by Sun Tzu
15. Part II Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru
16. Yuefu Shuang Bao: Mulan Ci Peacock flies southeast, and chanting is the three wonders of Yuefu.
17. A mirror of historical records.
18. Erpai: the first moment of surprise, the second moment of surprise (Ling Mengchu)
19. Da Du Li: Li Bai Du Fu Xiao Du Li: Li Shangyin Du Mu
20. Gemini in China's modern literary world: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo.
2 1. Three Immortals: Lide made meritorious service.
22. Three generations: Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
23.& gt Three Biographies: Zuo Zhuan, Ram Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan.
24. Three Kings: Yu Xia, Duke of Shang Tang.
25. Sanshan: Yingzhou, the abbot of Penglai.
26. Three religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism
27. Sangong: Sima Situ of the Zhou Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, and Prime Minister Tai Wei as the physician/| English explanation: Qingming, great virtue and great virtue.
28. Three Caos: Cao Cao and Cao Pizhi
29. Three elements of public security: Yuan Zhongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zongdao.
30. Sangu Building in Jiangnan: Yueyang Building in Hunan, Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang and Wangtengting Pavilion in Nanchang.
3 1. Three friends in the cold year: Songzhumei
32. Sanfu: Zuo Fengyi, You Fufeng and Jing.
33. Three elements of scientific research: first after having obtained the provincial examination, first after taking the exam, first in palace examination, and first in the school (Huiyuan, champion).
34. the palace exam is three-fixed: the champion first explores flowers.
35. The three quintessences of China: Peking Opera, Chinese Medicine and Chinese Painting.
36. Three words: Yu Shiming's words of warning and awakening the world (Feng Menglong)
37. Confucian Classic Three Rites: The Book of Rites of Zhou Li and Yi Li.
38. Three officials: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan and Tongguan official.
39. Three Farewells: Don't get old and homeless when you get married.
40. Guo Moruo's "Goddess" trilogy-the rebirth of Guo Xiang Tang Di's "Flower of the Goddess"
4 1. Mao Dun's "Erosion" Trilogy: The Pursuit of Disillusionment and Shake
Rural trilogy: Spring Silkworm Harvest in Autumn and Remaining Winter
42. Ba Jin's trilogy of "Love": Thunderstorm
Riptide trilogy: Family Spring and Autumn
43. The first national history: Mandarin
44. The first album recording the words and deeds of counselors and military strategists: National Policy and Warring States Policy.
45. The first historical prose with the theme of personal words and deeds: Yan Zi Chun Qiu.
46. The first great patriotic poet: Qu Yuan
47. The first narrative poem: Peacock Flying Southeast (357 sentences, 1785 words).
48. The first monograph on literary criticism: > (Cao Pi)
49. The first pastoral poet: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming
50. The first monograph on literary theory and criticism: Liu Xie's Literary Theory and Criticism;
5 1. The first monograph on poetry theory and criticism: Zhong Rong's Poems;
52. The first popular science work, a comprehensive academic work in the form of notes: 53. The first diary travel notes: Xu Hongzu's In the Ming Dynasty;
54. The first poetess, also known as "one pronoun Sect": Li Qingzhao.
China Common Sense (2)
1. China's first satirical novel: The Scholars.
2. The first translation of Evolution in China: Huxley translated by Yan Fu >: He is a person who knows nothing and becomes a translator.
3. China's first collection of short stories in classical Chinese: Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.
4. The first short story in the history of China's new literature is Diary of a Madman.
The first writer who opened up the "fairy tale garden" was Ye Shengtao.
6. China's first romantic fairy tale: Journey to the West.
7. The first reportage work is: (Xia Yan) Bonded Labor.
8. The first writer in New China to win the title of "People's Artist": Lao She. His works are: Dragon Beard Ditch
9. The two outstanding schools in the pre-Qin period were Confucianism and Mohism.
10. The two representatives of Confucianism are: Kong Qiu and Mencius, who are regarded as the most holy and the second holy respectively.
1 1. During the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years of the Tang Dynasty, there appeared two schools of frontier fortress ci, represented by Gao Shi and Cen Can, and frontier fortress ci represented by Wang Wei and Meng Zi. The former was vigorous, while the latter was simple.
12. Song ci is often divided into two categories: bold and graceful. The former is represented by Su Shi and Xin Qiji, while the latter is represented by Liu Yong, Zhou Bangyan and Li Qingzhao.
Is that right?
4. What common sense do China people have in their daily life?
Which of the following celebrities is from Hubei? -& gt； ; Cha Sheng's Lu Yu,
The Contract Law does not apply to the following contracts-> ; Adoption contract,
China is known as the "exhibition capital" city is:->; ; Hong kong,
There are five floors outside the Yellow Crane Tower. How many floors are there inside? -& gt； Ninth floor,
/kloc-where is the world-famous chime unearthed in 0/978? -& gt； ; Suizhou,
According to archaeological research, where did the earliest porcelain in the world appear at present? -& gt； ; Shijiazhuang,
Mother's Day, which we are familiar with, originated in which country? -& gt； ; Britain,
Who was the first player selected for the NBA in China? -& gt； ; Wang,
Who was chosen as the most valuable player in the NBA in 2003? -& gt； ; Garnett,
How many players are there in each team in the football match? -& gt； 1 1,
Why is it not good to water the flowers at noon in hot summer? -& gt； ; Due to transpiration, the leaves of flowers are in a state of intense stomatal closure.
What is the first set of stamps in China? -& gt； ; "Dragon" ticket,
What is the saltiest sea in the world? -& gt； ; Dead sea,
What is the largest graphic area surrounded by a rope of the same length? -& gt； ; Round,
Lu Xun was originally named Zhou Shuren. Why did he give himself this name? -& gt； ; His mother's surname is Lu, and she was patriotic during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
What is the hard disk in the computer used for? -& gt； ; Used for reading information, data, files,
Lottery has a long history in China, so the earliest lottery is:->; ; Guess the imperial examination list,
Since when do you call the supreme ruler "Wang":-> ; Business,
The first unequal treaty signed by China is:->; ; Treaty of nanking,
Who is nicknamed "laity on June 1st":-> ; Ouyang xiu,
Pu Songling's former residence is:->; ; Zibo,
"Get ahead" originally refers to which literati's articles are superior:->; ; Su Shi,
"Encircling Wei to save Zhao" was a military strategy implemented by one of the following people during the Warring States Period->; Tian Ji,
Hemingway's novel for whom the bell tolls is based on-> which war adaptation; ; Spanish civil war,
Which nationality did Qu Yuan come from in the Spring and Autumn Period-> ; Chu state,
Taxpayers of VAT can be divided into general taxpayers and small-scale taxpayers. How to distinguish small-scale taxpayers? -& gt； ; The annual sales of commodity production, provision of labor services and wholesale and retail are below 1 10,000. ,
The specific low tax rate applicable to general taxpayers of value-added tax is:->; 13%,
The following commodities subject to consumption tax are: (multiple choices)-> ; Cigarettes, alcohol, firecrackers, skin care products, automobiles, automobile tires,
Is there any substance with purity of 100% in the world? -& gt； ; I don't know,
The evaporation temperature of mercury is:->; 300℃,
Does all the ice melt at 0℃? -& gt； ; I don't know,
5. China's common sense
First scene, then emotion, express emotion by scene (express emotion by scene)
For example, Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain:
In the sharp wind from the vast sky, the ape whimpered and the birds flew back.
The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
I came from three thousand miles away. Sadness has been ill for more than a hundred years now and in autumn.
Hardship, pain, hatred, heartache and fatigue are a thick layer of dust in my wine.
The first four sentences of this poem describe the scenery, the last four sentences are lyrical, and the prospect is sentimental.
Second, love the scene first, and tie the feelings with the scene.
Xia Wanchun's "This is the way it is": "What's it like to recover from Chu? It's not peaceful to die in Qin. Magnificent and clear, the setting sun is bright. I will pay for my family and country, and I will fight to the death. Hu Wei has always hated it, and he is close to the city in January. " One of the poems, Sanlian, expresses the ambition of resisting the enemy and rejuvenating the country, while Erlian describes a heroic and tragic scene, which is a blend of scenes.
Third, the feelings into the scene (empathy into the scene), the scene as a whole.
"An old friend resigned from the Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails overlook the blue sky, but I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. " (Tang, Li Bai, "Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou") The whole poem says nothing about parting, fireworks are full of sorrow, lonely sails carry regrets, parting is endless like the Yangtze River and parting is endless like the blue sky. Emotion contains scenery and images, which has infinite artistic charm.
The example of integrating feelings into the scene is not limited to the scene fusion throughout, but more is the scene fusion in one sentence. For example, Li Bai's Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain: "Seeing each other late, only Jingting Mountain" conveys the poet's inner loneliness and unspeakable loneliness. Du Fu's Hope for Spring: "The petals there have been like tears, and the lonely bird has sung grief." It's not that flowers and birds are not cute, but that the poet is concerned about the country and the people, so saying "tears in flowers", "bird shock", "feeling of time" and "hating farewell" means writing feelings. There are scenes, feelings and scenes in one sentence.
6. Who knows the little common sense of Chinese?
Poetry appreciation terminology language (1) style 1. As intense and sonorous as Su Shi.
& gt& gt Other poems that reflect children's love in elegant schools. 4. Simple language (easy to understand, colloquial, but meaningful) such as Li Shen.
4. Clear and decisive, hit the nail on the head, such as Bai Juyi's new Yuefu poems. 5. Implication is not a direct narrative, but it is intended to be beyond words. When you say that, you mean him, but you won't send it. If you want to say it, let the readers appreciate it. Intriguing, such as Du Mu's quatrains and Li Qingzhao's later poems.
6. Concise, clean and concise, such as Jia Dao's poems. Expression skills (1) rhetoric 1. Metaphor turns plain into magic, abstruse into simple, abstract into concrete, which makes the images depicted in poetry more vivid. 2. Metonymy replaces simplicity, and truth replaces emptiness. 3. Contrast bright colors, portray images and express rich meanings. 4. Exaggerate the essence and give people enlightenment; Set off the atmosphere and enhance the appeal; Enhance association and create an atmosphere. 5. Duality is beautiful in music, concise in expression and lyrical. 6. Rhetorical questions emphasize tone. 7. Ask questions, attract attention and inspire thinking. 8. Pun is implied. (2) Methods and skills 1. The blending of scenery is indirect and implicit, and the poet's emotional love and hate are contained in the description of scenery.
2. Deliberately describe the contrast and contrast from the side, as a foil, so that what is needed can be clearly highlighted. 3. Associative imagination is like wild imagination, which combines whimsy and reverie with the truth of nature. 4. allusion can refine the language of poetry, increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implication of expression, receive concise and thought-provoking effects, and enhance the expressive force and appeal of works. 5. Symbolic images are vivid and concrete, turning reality into emptiness. 6. Reduplication is used to enhance the sense of rhythm and plays an important role. 7. Things are expressed by things, expressed implicitly and implied. 8. The details are true and accurate. 9. Sketch is true and profound without rendering, and sketch with thick lines. Thoughts and feelings (1) 1 When worrying about the country and the people.
2. Expose the fatuous and corrupt rulers. Du Mu passed Huaqing Palace and Lin Sheng passed Lin 'an House. 3. Reflect the pain of leaving chaos: Du Fu's hope of spring. 4. sympathize with the sufferings of the people: the cottage was blown by the autumn wind. Bai Juyi's charcoal seller. 5. Worrying about the country and the people: Du Fu's climbing the stairs. 6. Expose the ruler's poor soldiers. Who can get married and live in a neighbor's house, while we bury our children underground? "
(2) Make meritorious service to the country 1. The desire to make meritorious service and the determination to defend the country: Cao Cao's "Although Gui Shoushou" and "Joining the Army" Wang Changling II. The sadness of serving the country without a door and the sadness of not knowing the ideal: Xin Qiji's "Jingkou will meet forever, Gubeiting will miss the past" and "Ugly Slave"; Boshan Road Wall in Central Sichuan "Xin Qiji 3. The pain of mountains and rivers falling: Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the Dingyang River and Lu You's Xiuer 4. Years have passed, talents have not met, and the ambition is hard to pay: Su Shi's "Water Tune"; Miss the past of Chibi (3) Nostalgia and Nostalgia 1. Wandering and caring: Meng Haoran, night parking by Jiande River, Wen Tingyun, going to goodness, leaving early 2. Missing relatives and friends: Wang Wei's Missing Shandong Brothers in Mountain Holiday, and Su Shi's Jiangchengzi &; S226 Ten years of life and death. 3. Frontier homesickness: Fan Zhongyan's "The Pride of the Fisherman". 4. Boudoir: Li Bai's Midnight funeral march, Wang Changling. Wu Ge's mixed feelings about life. 1. Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains by Wang Wei. 2. The past is better than the present, things are different, and the vicissitudes of life: Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow. & gt Wei Zhuang <>4. The sadness of fleeting youth: like a dream, makes Li Qingzhao 5. The depression of frustrated official career: Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, Su Shi's Mink Head &; S2266. Comfort the joy of life: Du Fu's "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night", the banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army, and (5) Farewell in Changting 1. Reluctant memories: Liu Yong's Yu Lin Ling, Wang Wei's Wei Cheng Qu, and Li Bai's Parting in Nanjing Restaurant. 2. Affectionate encouragement: Send it to Uncle Ren. 3.