The evolution of literature in the early Tang Dynasty 1 The process of literature development is also a reflection of social politics, economy and culture, just as social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness reacts on social existence. In the early Tang Dynasty, "Yazheng" era, the poetic style was flashy, and it was relegated to erotic palace poetry, which was determined by the specific social conditions at that time, the natural development trend of literature and the state of literary creation itself. At that time, Tang Taizong's poems reflected this kind of "elegance" characteristic. People flocked to cater to the king. The poets of the new dynasty basically lived in the court, and the new dynasty also needed praise. However, the creative personality of literature disappeared in this sameness, and it was not until the emergence of the "four great masters" that literature finally entered the era of prosperity. They lashed out at the floating poetic style, publicized literary individuality and created an era of literary prosperity. In an enterprising social atmosphere for officials, a large number of literati are eager to be appreciated through their own literary talents. The "Four Masters" are in the process of changing owners, and the most important thing is that the "Four Masters" lack social ideals and place too much emphasis on the realization of self-worth. At that time, the social contradictions were sharp and the lack of social practice under the guidance of theory eventually led to failure. After the prosperous era passed, Chen Ziang entered the era of literature "retro", which was the continuation and development of the cause of "Four Masters". He formed a relatively complete system in theory, held high the banner of "retro", advocated the style of writing of "Jian 'an" and "Zheng Shi", advocated the social ideal of positive energy, and returned to the positive and enterprising atmosphere in Wei and Jin Dynasties, instead of the extravagant and narcissistic palace.
The literature in the early Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for the most brilliant literature in the history of ancient China literature and laid a solid social foundation. Generally speaking, it is a struggle between gorgeous formalism and a style of writing that pays attention to real social content and healthy thoughts and feelings. Literature has its own law of development, and the floating style left over from the Qi and Liang Dynasties will be constantly transformed in the evolution of the times, eventually creating a new generation of style.
The evolution of literature in the early Tang Dynasty 2 The most remarkable literary achievement in the Tang Dynasty was the Tang poetry. Since Chen Ziang and the "four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty", famous poets in the Tang Dynasty have emerged one after another, among which Li Bai, Du Fu, Cen Can and Wang Wei in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Li He, Han Yu and Bai Juyi in the middle Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are several representatives. Their poems have different styles, including rich imagination of the mythical world and detailed description of real life, including passionate frontier poems, gloomy and heavy "poetic history" and fresh and refined pastoral poems. The isomorphism of these poems has become an outstanding representative of China's literary achievements. Although there were still outstanding poets in the Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the overall level of regular poetry and classical poetry was not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, which made Tang poetry an insurmountable peak of classical poetry in China.
The Evolution of Literature in Early Tang Dynasty 3. Early Tang Dynasty:
The preparatory stage of Tang poetry. Try to discuss the general trend of the transition from the old wind direction of Qi-Liang to the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Two important phenomena:
1. A large number of court poets inherited the beautiful atmosphere of Qi Liang. Pursuing the rhetoric and temperament of poetry eventually leads to the completion of rhythm.
2. A few outstanding people criticized the flashy style of writing since the Six Dynasties, and emphasized that poetry should suit both refined and popular tastes, which led to the change of style.
The characteristics of poets in the early Tang Dynasty: inheritance and change
Second, the prosperous Tang Dynasty: the heyday and peak of Tang poetry.
Full of "patriotism and patriotic enthusiasm" is reflected in the literary world: positive and romantic poetry has become the mainstream of creation. Representative: Li Bai
The Anshi Rebellion led to the gathering of contradictions and the development of poems reflecting reality since the Tang Dynasty.
The representative figure is Du Fu.
Summarizing the prosperous Tang Dynasty and opening the middle Tang Dynasty, Du Fu came into being.
Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are representatives of "the school of pastoral poetry".
Frontier Poems inherited the tradition of Han Yuefu, with Gao Shi and Cen Can as the representatives. Gao Shi is good at Yuefu songs, and his style is desolate and vigorous. Cen Can's later poems are aboveboard.
Third, the middle Tang Dynasty: the period of re-prosperity.
The Dali period is a low period, but it is also an inheritance of the poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which mostly follows its style of writing.
Ten talented people in Dali;
Landscape pastoral poems: Liu Changqing and Wei;
Frontier poems: Liu Yuxi, Li Yi;
Foreign poets: representatives
Han Yu and Meng Jiao, also known as "Han Meng Poetry School", Meng Jiao's original body is Gu Zhuo's thin and hard language;
"Landscape Poets": Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi. Liu Yuxi's poetic style: "steady and practical, natural in style and accurate in rhythm";
Ancient prose movement:
Leaders: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan.
It is a literary innovation movement under the banner of retro, focusing on style reform, including style and literary language reform.
Features:
1. The ancient prose movement is closely combined with Confucianism and has political innovation significance;
2. Literary view of style reform and progress
Closely combined.
Fourth, the late Tang Dynasty: the sunset period.
Feelings and emotions are very strong.
Du Mu and Li Shangyin are representative writers in the late Tang Dynasty.
Some think hard and pursue "freshness and eccentricity", representing Jia Dao and Yao He; Some focus on gorgeousness and write about the feelings of prostitutes in boudoir, such as Wen and Han Wo; Some poems are weak, such as Situ Kong and Lu Guimeng. Some satirize current events and express alienation, such as Pi Rixiu and Luo Yin.
There are essays in the prose, inheriting the tradition of Liu Han's ancient prose and satirizing current events with a sharp pen.
The birth of the Tang Legend marks the maturity of China's classical novels.