Anonymous [pre-Qin]
It's getting dark It's getting dark Why don't you go home? Why is Hu Weiwei exposed because of Wei Jun?
It's getting dark It's getting dark Why don't you go home? The bow of the micro-monarch, Hu Weiwei in the mud?
translate
It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? If it's not to feed you, why work in the dew!
It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? If it's not to feed you, why work in the mud!
To annotate ...
Decline: It's getting dark.
Type, mood auxiliary words; Slight and dim.
H: why, why.
Micro: (if) no.
Jun: The monarch.
Dew: that is, dew, dew.
Wei Jun bowed his head: (If) I don't feed you. Bow: the body.
As for the theme of this poem, the Preface to Shi Mao said that he was driven by Di and exiled to Wei, and his ministers advised him to return to China. Liu Xiang's Biography of Nuzhen Shun said that Wei Hou's daughter married Li Zhuanggong, but she didn't accept her. Someone advised her to come back, but she "insisted on chastity to the end, not violating women's morality, so as to follow you all your life" and gave this poem a clear ambition. Both theories are far-fetched, because there is no historical evidence for women in Hou Li or Li Zhuang. Yu Guanying thinks that "this is the complaint of the convict" (The Book of Songs) is the most incisive poem.
Every chapter of the poem begins with "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui": It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? The poet then confessed the reason: "Because of the micro-monarch, Hu Lou is exposed in the middle"; "The bow of Weijun is in the mud." It means to work day and night in the dew and mud all year round for the monarch and to support his noble body. In just two chapters and a few words, the inhuman situation of the enslaved people and their resentment against the rulers left a deep impression on the readers.
In art, this poem has two characteristics. One is to strengthen the language effect by asking questions. Judging from the whole poem, "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui" does not ask questions with doubts, but deliberately asks questions with preconceived ideas. Suffering from the oppression of the rulers, the poet worked in the wild day and night, and his family could not come back, which was miserable. It is natural for him to pour out his grievances, but if he is outspoken, it is easy to exhaust them. Adopting this kind of questioning form, which is undoubtedly pretentious and suspicious, makes the poem look sad, but it is also eye-catching and thought-provoking. The so-called self-pity, deep and no resentment. The second is to use rhyme to set off the emotional atmosphere. The poem * * * consists of two chapters and ten sentences, which not only rhyme, but also rhyme in each chapter. Therefore, the whole poem is compact in structure, short in rhythm and urgent in mood, which fully expresses the pain of workers and the growing determination to abandon tyranny. From the analysis of the rhyme used in this poem, the first chapter uses micro rhyme and fish rhyme, and the second chapter uses micro rhyme and invasion rhyme, all of which are suitable for expressing sadness and pain. Poets with emotional rhymes, through the emotional tone reflected by rhymes, make poetry fully emphasized. Therefore, Fang Yurun commented on this poem: "The language is simple and profound, and China has infinite meaning. Careless people have not read it." (Original Book of Songs)
Because this poem is interpreted as persuasion, and scholars who have studied this poem in past dynasties are mainly Mao, the word "decline" has gradually evolved into the image of "seclusion" in China's classical poems, such as Tang's "No wonder I yearn for a simple life, sighing old songs, alas, I am going back!" ("Weishui Farmhouse"); Meng Haoran's "Go to your hometown and send it away" ("Send Dr. Xin to Hubei"); Guan Xiu's poem "The East Wind Comes and Songs Decline, The Taoist in the Deep Cloud Calls Home" (General Biedu), etc., also shows the influence of this poem on later generations.
Decline is a poem of the Qin Dynasty. It uses rhetorical devices such as rhetorical questions, argot and intertextuality. The expression of emotion turned to emotion. Re-chapter and change words, and rhyme is harmonious. There are long and short sentence patterns, strong sense of rhythm, harmonious and beautiful rhythm and extremely delicate words. Decline has also become a common image in later poetry, which has a far-reaching impact on later classical poetry.
There are only two short chapters in the poem, both of which begin with "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui": It's dark, it's dark, why don't you go home? The poet then confessed the reason: "Because of the micro-monarch, Hu Lou is exposed in the middle"; "The bow of Weijun is in the mud." It means to work day and night in the dew and mud all year round for the monarch and to support his noble body. However, there are only two changes in the first chapter and the second chapter of the poem "Decline", but it is in this ingenious change that the originality of the author's words is reflected.
First of all, one chapter is "The Cause of Wei Jun" and the other chapter is "The Bow of Wei Jun". The first and second chapters only changed the words "reason" and "bow", but made the poem full of semantic and harmonious rhyme. Zhu interpreted the biography of poetry as: "if it were not for your thoughts"; "Bow to the Micro-King" and "Bow" are both variants of "Bow". Erya Shi Yan said: "Bow, body also." Bow and body are training each other, so "bow" is itself, that is, "Jun" and "Bow of Weijun" mean "If I have no Jun". The first chapter says "if I don't have a monarch", and the second chapter says "if I don't have a monarch". The upper and lower chapters express the same meaning but use different words to express the author's euphemistic and implicit feelings to the fullest. Secondly, the first chapter is "Hu Weiwei in the middle", and the second chapter is "Hu Weiwei in the mud". "Lu" is a foreign word of "Lu". Erya Shi Ming: "Road, dew also. What people say is also seen. " Fang Yurun's "The Book of Songs" is original: "In the mud, it is still muddy." Press: "Zhong Lu", the so-called center of gravity in today's statement, seems to be blocked by something; "In the mud" is still the so-called stuck in the mud. Therefore, "dew in the middle" and "mud in the middle" are both virtual rather than real, and the upper and lower chapters can complement each other.
At the same time, in the transformation of the author's words, the harmony of rhyme is never forgotten. The first chapter "Li" and "Lu" are used for the rhyme of yin sound "fish" and entering sound "duo"; The second chapter is about the "bow", "middle" and "invasion" rhyme of Yin sound. These two sentences not only express the author's thoughts and feelings, but also rhyme harmoniously, thus killing two birds with one stone. In just two chapters and a few words, the inhuman situation of the enslaved people and their resentment against the rulers left a deep impression on the readers.
So change the words chapter by chapter and rhyme harmoniously. It embodies the characteristics of singing three sighs and endless aftertaste. It embodies the exquisiteness, conciseness, long and short sentence patterns and strong sense of rhythm of the language in The Book of Songs. In just 32 words, the poem "Decline" contains three, four and five words, which is integrated with neatness and agility. The ups and downs can show the ups and downs of the heroine's thoughts and feelings as much as possible. The choice of sentence patterns changes flexibly with the content, thoughts and feelings of the poem, which enhances the sense of rhythm of the poem. In a word, the art of language use in Decline is not only harmonious and beautiful in rhythm, but also exquisite in writing.
In art, this poem enhances the language effect by asking questions. Judging from the whole poem, "Decline, Decline, Hu Bugui" does not ask questions with doubts, but deliberately asks questions with preconceived ideas. Suffering from the oppression of the rulers, the poet worked in the wild day and night, and his family could not come back, which was miserable. It is natural for him to pour out his grievances, but if he is outspoken, it is easy to exhaust them. Adopting this kind of questioning form, which is undoubtedly pretentious and suspicious, makes the poem look sad, but it is also eye-catching and thought-provoking. The so-called self-pity, deep and no resentment. It is precisely because of the clever use of these rhetorical devices that the poem "Decline" has an "unspeakable realm". The more you look at it repeatedly, the more you feel its significance. "