What is the difference between Tang poetry and Song poetry in form and structure?

There are various forms of Tang poetry. There are basically two kinds of ancient poems in Tang Dynasty: five-character poems and seven-character poems. There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems. Quatrains and metrical poems are five words and seven words respectively. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character archaic poetry, seven-character archaic poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhythmic poems and seven-character rhythmic poems. Classical poetry has a wide range of requirements for rhyme and meter: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapters can be long or short, and the rhyme can be changed. Modern poetry has strict requirements on rhyme and meter: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four-line quatrains and eight-line meter poems. The words used in each poem have certain rules, and the rhyme cannot be changed; Rhyme also requires that the middle four sentences become antithesis. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called ancient style. Modern poetry has strict rules, so some people call it metrical poetry.

The forms and styles of Tang poetry are colorful and innovative. It not only inherited the tradition of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly developed the singing style. It not only inherited the five-character or seven-character ancient poems of the previous generation, but also developed into a long and huge system of narrative romance; It not only expanded the use of five-character and seven-character styles, but also created modern poems with particularly beautiful and neat styles. Modern poetry was a new style of poetry at that time, and its emergence and maturity was an important event in the history of Tang poetry development. It pushed the artistic features of China's ancient poems with harmonious syllables and refined words to an unprecedented height, and found a typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which has been especially loved by people so far. However, the metrical poems in modern poetry are easy to be bound because of their strict metrical restrictions, which is a major defect brought by their advantages.

, a kind of poem. Because it is the lyrics of music and harmony, it is also called tune, Yuefu, music movement, long and short sentences, poetry, piano music and so on. It began in the Sui Dynasty, took shape in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, and flourished in the Song Dynasty. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the national music imported from the western regions gradually merged with the old music of the Central Plains, and Hu music was the main music that produced Yan music. The original neat five-character seven-character poem is no longer suitable, so there are words with different words and more lively forms.

Ci originated from the folk, and later literati wrote new words according to the rhythm of music score, called "Ci" or "Yin". From then on, the word was separated from music, forming a kind of metrical poem with uneven sentence length. Fifth, the seven-character poem is symmetrical and dual, presenting the beauty of neatness; The characters are mainly long and short sentences, showing uneven aesthetic feeling.

Words have epigrams, that is, tunes Some intonations have different "styles" because of different words or sentence patterns. Common aphorisms are about 100. The structure of a word is divided into blocks or pieces, which are monotonous, two are disyllabic, and three are called triple. According to different music, there are differences in order, quotation, approach and slowness. "Ling" is generally short, and the words used by early literati are mostly filled in poems. For example, the sixteen-character order, the dream order, and the child's play order. "Yin" and "gold" are generally long, such as Jiang Mei Yin, Yangguan Yin, Zhu Yingtai Gold, Zhongqing Qingjin and so on. And "slow" is longer than "introduction" and "proximity", which prevailed after the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and there is a saying that Liu Yong "began to preach slowly". Epigraph such as Magnolia Slow, Lin Yuling Slow, etc. According to the number of words, there are also "Xiao Ling", "alto" and "long tune". According to Mao's Ci Xie in Qing Dynasty, words below 58 are small notes, words between 59 and 90 are medium notes, and words below 90 are long notes. The longest inscription, Preface to Bird Singing, has 240 words.

A epigraph reflects a certain sound and emotion. Most of the origins of epigraph names have not been verified. Only a few capable words such as Bodhisattva Man and Qin Yi E ... The rhyme of words is where music stops. Generally do not change rhyme. Some words, some words, some words. Like five-character poems and seven-character poems, the words are all flush. And the sound should be divided into up, down and in. You can overlap words.

Because most of the ci poems in the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty were written for entertaining guests before the banquet, there is a saying that "ci is a path, colorful" and "poetry is charming". With the development of Ci, Liu Yong and Su Shi gradually expanded the theme of Ci until Xin Qiji reached the peak and became a literary genre with the same status as poetry.

Ci is a kind of music literature, and its emergence, development, creation and dissemination are directly related to music. Music related to words is the so-called Yan music, also called feast music. Its main component is a new type of music, which is a kind of music that combines the western region and the folk music since the Northern Zhou Dynasty and Sui Dynasty. Mainly used for entertainment and banquet performances, it became popular in Sui Dynasty. The origin of Le Yan characters can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty. Wang Zhuo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in Volume I of Biji Manzhi: "Since Gai's birthday, the so-called composers have gradually flourished and reached the Tang Dynasty." Ci was mainly popular among the people at first, and more than 60 works of/kloc-0 in Dunhuang Quzi Ci Collection were mostly folk songs from the prosperous Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty. Around the middle Tang Dynasty, poets such as Zhang, Wei, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi began to create ci, and introduced this style into the literary world. In the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties, literati ci developed greatly. The humanities in the late Tang Dynasty, as well as the creation of Huajianji, a poet represented by him, and Southern Tang poets, represented by Li Yu and Li Yu, all made important contributions to the maturity of ci style and the establishment of basic lyric style. Ci finally became one of the most important literary genres in ancient China. In the Song Dynasty, the creation of ci gradually became a grand view, and a large number of outstanding ci writers appeared, and famous works emerged one after another, and various styles and schools appeared one after another. The Ci of the whole Song Dynasty contains more than 1330 words and nearly 20,000 words. From this figure, we can infer the grand occasion of creation at that time. Although the origin of Ci is early, the peak of its development is in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, later generations regarded Ci as the most representative literature in the Song Dynasty, juxtaposed with Tang poetry, and came up with the so-called "Tang poetry and Song poetry".