The ancient poem "Liangzhou Ci"
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author Meng Haoran
Muddy red sandalwood and gold chips make the pipa sound into the clouds.
Alakazam is Wan Li Road, so I can send Mingjun right away.
The other person's joy is sadness, and there is no need to play the Qiang flute.
Sit and watch Guan Shanyue tonight, thinking about killing the Border Town Ranger.
The ancient poem "Crossing Zhejiang and Asking Boat People"
Year: Tang Dynasty
Author Meng Haoran
The tide falls on the river, there is no wind, and the boat is with you.
Lead the way until the end of the day. Where is Castle Peak?
works appreciation
Meng Haoran's poems are mainly composed of five words, and their style is vague. When poets apply their unique style of dilution to the Seven Wonders, they often "create an elegant environment, which seems to be a common language at first" and "their spirit is far away" (Chen Yanjie on the Seven Wonders of the Tang Dynasty). This poem is a masterpiece.
Meng Haoran went in and out of Zhang Shuo shogunate several times from the early years of Kaiyuan to the 13th year of Kaiyuan, but he was not satisfied, so he went to wuyue. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), he went down the Bianhe River and crossed the river to Hangzhou via Guangling. Then he crossed the river in Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), Zhejiang Province, and wrote a poem at this time.
When I was in Hangzhou, the poet said, "Watch the rise today", indicating that Zhejiang (Qiantang River) had a climax before. Once the tide ebbed and the boat road was clear, the poet couldn't wait to board the boat and continue. The first sentence is about Chen Qi, which consists of three phrases: "ebb tide", "Jiang Ping" and "no wind". At first glance, it seems unremarkable. However, fine taste, such a short rhythm formed by three meals, has successfully written the happy mood of people who have set foot on the journey again after the tide letter was blocked. It can be seen that sometimes intonation is also helpful to the expression of poetry.
Qiantang River is wide, but the ferry is not big. A leaf boat can't hold many people. "People on board" should be strangers from all directions. "The boat * * * helps you" is quite like the greeting when they meet. This is obvious: although we have never met, today we are in the same boat, and there will be a sense of intimacy between strange passengers. Especially because there are few small passengers on board, it is more common to see goodwill in the same boat. So the first time I saw my last name, I greeted him with "Jun" as usual. Such simple household words actually convey the simple world style and human feelings of the Chengping era to the fullest. Who can say it is blind dilution?
When the other shore has vaguely seen a green hill, it has aroused the poet's curiosity and thinking. There are many places of interest in Vietnam, Zhongshan and Sichuan, which are places where the former poet Xie Lingyun traveled and sang. Therefore, he can't help looking up at the horizon from time to time: where should I always yearn for in Vietnam? He probably can't guess, but he is fascinated. There is no extremely poor description of the scenery here, only the word "green hill" is briefly mentioned, and the beauty of Vietnam's mountains and rivers is vividly presented from the expression of the wanderer who always leads the sky to the end. It can be said that the outside light is abundant inside, which seems to be dry and solid. "Leading to the horizon" is a sentence written by Lu Ji's "Zhun Lan Ruosheng Chaoyang". The poet is handy, and with the word "from time to time", his spoken English is rich. If he writes it himself, his description is vivid. It is Meng Haoran's specialty to absorb and use words with oral characteristics and vitality from his predecessors.
"Where is Castle Peak?" It is "asking the boatman" and the conclusion of the poem. Concluding with questions is the easiest way to bridge the gap between poetry and readers, so that readers are fascinated and have a high artistic conception. The whole poem uses spoken language, and narrative, scenery description and lyric are all simple narrative styles, with muddy, lofty, full and perfect artistic conception. "Send it to taste indifferent" (Su Shi's words lead to self-care, see Collection), which is also a positive evaluation of this poem.
Expansion: Poetics of Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Ci
Tang Dynasty: Wang Zhihuan
The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.
Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!
Wang Zhihuan's Poem 1 of Liangzhou Ci
The Yellow River seems to rush out from the white clouds, and Yumenguan is hanging alone in the mountains.
Why do soldiers complain that willows don't sprout and spring breeze can't blow outside Yumen Pass?
Wang Zhihuan Liangzhou Ci Poem II
Looking around, the Yellow River is drifting away, as if it were running in the middle of winding white clouds, on the high mountain of Wan Ren in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, an isolated city, Yumenguan, stands tall and isolated.
Why do you want to use Qiangdi to play sad willow songs to complain that spring has not come? It turns out that the spring breeze around Yumenguan can't blow!
To annotate ...
1, Liangzhou word: also known as Chusai. The lyrics of a popular song (Liangzhou Ci) at that time.
2. There are two original titles. First, there are Liangzhou songs in Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poems (Volume 79) and Modern Quci, and Yuan Yue is quoted as saying: "Liangzhou, Gongdiao Song, commander of Kaiyuan Liangfu Guo Zhiyun". Liangzhou is located in Guzang County (now Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province).
3. It's far away; Looking west. "Far" means "straight".
4. The Yellow River is far away: looking at the source of the Yellow River.
5. Lonely city: refers to the lonely castle guarding the border.
6. Qi: Ancient unit of length. Together they are equivalent to seven feet or eight feet (equal to 2,365,438+0 cm or 264cm, about 2.3m or 2.6m).
7. Qiang people: The ancient Qiang people were mainly distributed in Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan. Qiangdi is a A Qiang musical instrument, which belongs to cross-wind wind music. It belongs to a musical instrument.
8. Liu Yang: Folding Liu Yang. In ancient poetry, willow is often used as a metaphor for farewell. Poem Xiaoya Cai Wei: "In the past, I was gone, and the willows were reluctant." In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. "
9. Degree: Blow. Not enough: I can't blow.
10, Yumenguan: It was set by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was named after the jade introduced from the Western Regions. Therefore, Xiaofangcheng, located in the northwest of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, was the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times. During the Six Dynasties, the site moved eastward to the vicinity of Shuangta Fort in Anxi.
1 1, why: why. Why complain: Why complain.
12, willow: willow of poplar, also referred to as Yangliuqiu.
Distinguish and appreciate
Wang Zhihuan wrote this poem about the homesickness of frontier soldiers. It is desolate and generous, sad without losing strength. Although the resentment of garrison soldiers who were not allowed to go home was greatly exaggerated, there was no sense of depression and depression, which fully showed the open-mindedness and broadmindedness of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The first sentence, "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", captures the characteristics of overlooking and depicts a moving picture: on the vast plateau, the Yellow River rushes away, looking far to the west, as if merging into the white clouds. The second sentence, "An isolated city, Wan Ren Mountain", is about an isolated city in the fortress. A lonely city located in the frontier fortress, standing tall by mountains and waters. These two sentences describe the majestic momentum of the motherland's mountains and rivers, outline the geographical situation of this important national defense town, highlight the desolate situation of foot soldiers guarding the border, and provide a typical environment for the latter two sentences to describe the psychology of defending the army.
In this environment, I suddenly heard the sound of Qiangdi, and the tune I played happened to be "Folding Willow", which aroused the sadness of the garrison. The ancients had the custom of parting and giving gifts. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic and presented to Liu as a souvenir. In the Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Blowing the Drum Horn Across", there is "Folding Yang Liuzhi", and the lyrics say: "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will hit Yang Liuzhi instead. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. " It is mentioned in the song that pedestrians break willows when they walk. This kind of farewell wind was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Thus, there is a close relationship between willow and parting. Nowadays, when the foot soldiers guarding the border pass hear the sad tune of "Folding Willow" played by Qiangdi, it is inevitable that they will feel sad and not hate it. Therefore, the poet explained in an open-minded tone: Why does Qiangdi always play the sad tune of "breaking willow"? You know, outside Yumenguan is a place where the spring breeze can't blow, and no willow can be folded! To say "why complain" is not to complain, nor to persuade the guards not to complain, but to complain is useless. The use of the word "why complain" makes poetry more subtle and meaningful.
Three or four lines, which Yang Shen thought contained irony in Ming Dynasty. He said in the poem "Sheng 'an": "This poem is not as good as the frontier fortress. The so-called military gate is far more than Wan Li." When the author writes that there is no spring breeze there, it is a natural metaphor that the supreme ruler living in the bustling imperial city is not sympathetic to the people's feelings and ignores the soldiers guarding the border in Yumenguan. China's ancient poetry has always had a tradition of "happiness", not to mention "poetry fails to express its meaning". We think readers can't help but understand this point, but we are not sure whether the author really means it. Since the spring breeze outside Yumenguan can't blow, the willow outside Yumenguan naturally won't spit leaves. What's the use of complaining about it?