The five poems of Returning to the Garden are an inseparable organic whole. The reason for this is not only because these five poems describe the poet's rich and fulfilling seclusion life from the aspects of resigning, gathering with relatives and friends, enjoying farming, visiting old friends and drinking at night, but more importantly, as far as the feelings expressed are concerned, they run through this group of poems with a natural and pleasant interest. Although there are emotional turmoil and turning points in the poem, the bright colors of joy and philosophy reflect the whole article.
Some commentators are happy to praise the "non-adhesion" in Yuan Ming's chest. In fact, there is still "adhesion". In other words, when Yuan Ming resigned from his post, he wrote "Home Words". Isn't there a saying that "Xi is sad alone"? In other words, there is always a trace of melancholy in his heart. The truly pure soul will not be born (although the poet has repeatedly declared that he is "getting better and better, loving autumn mountains"), but gradually becomes clear in the process of constantly filtering out ideological impurities. Just as a person doesn't want to touch the hidden pain in his heart, the poet doesn't want to mention the filthy officialdom that has just been pulled out of it in Returning to the Garden. It's a pity to fall into the dust net by mistake. And "walking for 30 years" refers to the thirteen years since I resigned at the age of 29 and became an official, to 4 1 year-old "how can I bow down to the children in the village for fifty dou meters?" However, today, after all, I got my wish, and my mood at the moment was suddenly relieved.
"There are more than ten acres of square houses and eight or nine straw houses." Among them is the deep feeling of "I love my family". "On the back eaves of the elm tree Liu Yin, Li Tao Luo tang qian." Under the eaves, willows are swaying and shadowy. The breeze calmed the poet's anxiety. At present, the beauty of peaches and plums is full of complexity, which arouses a lot of joy in the poet's heart. The poet is communicating his feelings with ignorant plants. Looking around, the smoke from the kitchen melted in the dusk. I listened attentively and vaguely heard dogs barking and chickens crowing. In front of me, many documents and files have disappeared, replaced by beloved "Qing Qin" and "different books". Ji Kang took "many things in the world, many accumulated cases" and "full guests, loud noises and many tricks" ("Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan") as the reasons for being an official. Here, the poet seems to have used the word "dusty" intentionally or unintentionally. He told us that the "dust net" that we had to deal with in the past is gone, and there will be no more. In this sense, there is indeed a sense of "empty room"; But it makes sense. He has started a life completely arranged and dominated by himself.
"After a long time in the cage, I returned to nature." "Ninety-nine" and "Thirty Years" set each other off, "Fan Long" and "Dust Net" set each other off, "Sex" set each other off, and the word "return" highlighted the fun of "returning to the soul". Yes, officialdom eroded his half life and defiled his "chastity", but today, after all kinds of hardships, the poet finally got gratifying compensation. It was the poet's heartfelt cheers that finally broke free from the cage, like a bird returning to the mountains, gained freedom and bid farewell to official life. This sentence is the crowning touch, echoing the beginning, which shows the poet's noble ambition and dissatisfaction with the dark reality.
The whole poem (1) is mainly lyrical, with descriptions of rural scenery and metaphors of "catching birds" and "pond fish", which fully shows the poet's feelings of loving free and simple rural life and despising ugly official life. Scenes blend, language is unpretentious, and confrontation is very natural. Readers can not only see the countryside, houses, elms, peaches and plums, but also smell the barking of dogs and chickens. In this quiet pastoral scenery, they can also see a free and easy poet singing the voice of "returning to nature after a long time in a cage".
"There are few people in the wild and few wheels in the poor lanes." I think these two sentences should be interpreted in reverse: "I came to the wild for rare people, and I lived in the back alley to avoid social intercourse." You know, this is not an objective narrative, but a subjective choice. The poet retired from the officialdom to the wild, from the wild to the poor alley, hiding scenery during the day, sitting in his room and thinking about wine. Layers of prevention, avoiding the world is not far away, shielding friends is not enough, and abandoning common concern is endless. Is the poet too lonely and a little unreasonable? No, the poet seems to be interested in eliminating this illusion and opening up his own life and spiritual world for us:
"Sometimes, the market is crowded with people, wearing grass and going back and forth." Although he has no "three paths", he has his own frequent contacts. "There is no nonsense when we meet, and Sang Ma has a long way to go." They have a favorite topic.
Life in the country is simple and even poor, quiet and even lonely. However, it is this environment that enables people to acquire the same language and cultivate a simple and sincere feeling. "It's interesting to hear more simple-minded people." (Migration) The poet lives a poor life at all costs, and his children are "young and hungry" (Sparse and Yan Zi and others). It is this kind of truth between heaven and earth that he pursues diligently.
A new life begins with the shame of being trapped in the sea by plowing and washing snow. Perhaps it is because of the shackles of the official body and the decline of physical fitness. Perhaps because of the long-term separation from the countryside, agronomy is somewhat sparse. "Grass is full of bean seedlings" and it is not well cultivated. What is revealed here is a sense of shame and self-encouragement. "In the morning, I was busy dealing with waste and dirt. I took the lotus home." Only from the perspective of time, we can also see the perseverance and diligence of the poet. He removed the "filth" and other thoughts in his heart. I feel relieved after removing the weeds. It can be seen that I am still the person who "naturally loves autumn mountains" and the person who is willing to be a farmer and can also be a farmer. Lotus hoe returned home at night, proud, looked up, the moon was in the sky, and the poet was like a victorious soldier. There is hard work, but it is this hard work that gives him great spiritual satisfaction. "Willing" means retiring to the countryside and not following the customs. The desire to live in seclusion and work hard. Don't want to sell your soul for wealth.
The fourth poem and the fifth poem are actually two parts of a poem. The poet visited his old friend with great ambition and even a little ostentatious. The sons and nephews are neck and neck, laughing constantly, finding their way with hazelnuts and making great strides. He wants to recall the past with his old friends, chat with them and have a few drinks ... However, what he sees in front of him is the broken scene of "there is a legacy in the well, and the mulberry is rotten", but what he hears is the bad news of his old friend's "death without healing". Poets who have always been knowledgeable can't help falling into the deep sorrow that "life is like an illusion, but it is always empty". Therefore, the fifth poem, "I am disappointed and resentful, and I still have sons and nephews to follow, but the poet is unwilling to say more, just like a lonely goose," wandering alone "; The rugged calendar hazel, a bush on the path tugged at his clothes. What does the poet "regret"? What he regrets is the inevitable illusion of life, and what he resents is his ignorance. If you leave the officialdom early and spend more time with your old friends, it will actually delay the arrival of this tragedy to the maximum extent.
So, how did the poet get rid of this disappointment?
-"The mountain stream is shallow, and when we meet, we feel my feet." Perhaps because of the grief of visiting relatives and friends, perhaps because of the hardships and tiredness of the journey, the poet sat by the stream for a while. This stream is crystal clear and unobstructed; Soaking in the water, suddenly, a cool feeling flowed all over his body, which also made him wake up from his complicated thoughts. He seems to have returned to reality from a sad dream. Did I come back or not? "If you are aware of the past, don't protest. If you know what will happen, you can pursue it. " However, life is short. I don't have much precious time I have died in a previous life, and I don't have many friends.
From the perspective of "my newly cooked wine makes a chicken closer to the game", the poet obviously erased the unpleasant cloud hanging over his heart. Wine is beautiful with Chen, and the word "newly boiled wine" shows that the family has no spare money, and also points out the poet's urgent mood of "binge drinking" at the moment. This reminds me of the poet's interesting answer in the article "The Biography of General Meng Fu in Shanxi":
"(Huan) smells and asks Jun () and says,' What's so good about wine? It's what Qing loves'. Jun smiled and replied,' Gong Ming can't be interested in wine.' "If we ask Yuan Ming at this moment," What's good about wine, Qing loves it ",I think he will definitely answer us" but wine is not interesting ". Yes, this "taste in wine" is too rich and mysterious: it eliminates the fatigue of the poet for a day; It relieves the grief of visiting friends; It makes poets feel the real interest of life; Make the poet optimistic again and become philosophical; It also deepened the understanding and feelings of the poet's neighboring songs. Both the host and the guest are happy and raise their voices frequently; At dusk, the poet lit firewood at random and learned a kind of "candlelight night tour". The atmosphere of fireworks in the room will not only make people feel shabby, but also add a warm and cordial atmosphere. What life is like worrying, what old and withered sigh, everything quietly melts into an understanding of the true meaning of life in an instant.
"Happiness comes with bitterness, and it has been returned to Tianxu." A new day has begun, and the new life that has just begun is not as bright as the rising sun. These two sentences are the crowning touch of the whole poem, the main melody of the movement and the strongest sound of life.
Looking through five songs, the officialdom is filthy and finally compensated; Living in poverty, but having the affection of relatives and friends; Farming is hard and the mind is satisfied; Life is short, but you have a thorough understanding of the true meaning of life. What is the truth? In this way, the poet absorbed all the life of seclusion, no, all the fun of life, into his Wang Yang poems. This is a high generalization and a profound revelation. It is in this sense that, contrary to the filthy reality, Returning to the Garden has reached a perfect and harmonious artistic conception and opened up a "broad and graceful" spiritual world.
The poet's life is not smooth sailing, and his heart is not a quiet world where all contradictions have been eliminated. The poet's value lies in that in the ideal pastoral world opposite to the clan society, he finally found the dignity of his own personality, the affection of his friends, no status, no interpersonal relationship between the rich and the poor, no intrigue and mutual strife. This is the concentrated expression of Shi Tao's ideological connotation and the source of Shi Tao's simplicity, simplicity, freshness and natural style.
He painted an ordinary scene. Thatched huts, elm willows, peaches and plums, Yuan Ye in Nanshan, barking dogs and crowing chickens may all be unsightly in the eyes of noble literati, but the poet found the beauty of simplicity, harmony and nature from them.
He expressed his true feelings. He didn't enjoy it with the appreciator's feeling of searching for the source, empathy and temporary floating, but observed and praised it with a local thought. So his feelings are persistent, vigorous, broad and focused. Everything around him is a silent partner in his life, which opens the sound of * * * in his heart.
He explained the truth. What he understands is what he put into practice. He is honest and frank, not isolated from the world; He is easy-going and unsophisticated. He never shows off and doesn't have to hide it. Quitting the field does not admire lofty, and this "sex" is also difficult; I am willing to work hard to make my heart "willing"; Avoid making friends just to abandon the "dust of dreams"; A sad life, because he misses this short and full life. "I amuse myself by writing articles, which shows my ambition." I wrote my heart, and that's enough.