The so-called image is the artistic image created by the objective object through the unique emotional activities of the creative subject. As far as classical poetry is concerned, the "scenery" and "things" described by poets are objective "images"; The "emotion" expressed by borrowing scenery and the "ambition" expressed by chanting things are both subjective "intentions"; The perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is "image" Taking the image of poetry as a breakthrough, multi-dimensional interpretation is one of the keys to appreciate poetry. This paper intends to interpret some common images in classical poetry for reference.
1, fallen flower
Nature is the eternal cognitive object and aesthetic object of human beings. The forms of nature are rich and colorful, and human beings can capture beauty endlessly. Mountains, rivers and plants have temperament. Emotion meets these forms, so images are produced. There are countless excellent poems in the history of China. This paper only wants to capture one of them-poetry with the image of "falling flowers", and briefly talk about it.
Falling flowers is a natural phenomenon and law, but it is endowed with emotion and life in China's ancient poems. To sum up, the image of "falling flowers" has several meanings.
A. First, the fallen flowers are described as natural scenery, which constitutes a beautiful artistic conception.
Flowers are flying all over the sky in Spring City (Han Yi's Cold Food) gives people the feeling that the spring breeze is warm and sunny, and all kinds of flowers are dancing in the wind, which is wonderful.
"But now I think of that night, that storm, and I don't know how many flowers were folded" (Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn"). With the sound of the storm, flowers fell everywhere, and you can imagine the beauty of spring and the childlike interest of children.
B. first, in the face of falling flowers, sigh: sigh that time flies and the beautiful scenery is no longer there.
"Running water is lighter than spring, and heaven and earth are also." (Li Yu's "Langtaosha") This shows the hatred and helplessness of the country's demise.
"Flowers bloom and fall, flowing water gurgles, a kind of acacia, and two places are idle." (Li Qingzhao's "Pruning Plums") expresses deep depression and faint lovesickness.
"People who bury flowers today are stupid. Who did he know when he was buried? " This is Lin Daiyu's funeral speech in A Dream of Red Mansions. If the flowers have been buried, who will bury them? It means that a person's fate is not as good as falling flowers, which has exhausted the persistent sadness in his heart.
C, there is also the spirit of falling flowers that symbolizes high spirits.
"Spring Flowers Fall" During the light years of Qing Dynasty, Yu Yue, a candidate, had a second interview in Libu. This poem begins with this sentence, which means that hope lies on earth.
"A vicious spring water surrounds the flower body, and enchanting flower shadows occupy the spring. If it is blown into snow by the east wind, it is better than being crushed into dust by Nanmo. " (Wang Anshi's "Apricot Flowers in the North") A reclusive poet would rather die in the struggle with the die-hards than compromise and go with the flow.
Step 2 live water
A, because water is soft and cold, it is often compared to moonlight, which is tangible but difficult to grasp.
Things.
"The day makes the night cool like water, sitting and watching the morning glory and weaving stars" (Autumn Evening by Du Mu), the poet's indifference in borrowing water reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times.
B, because the constant shearing of water coincides with endless sadness, poets often use water as a metaphor for sadness.
"Although the water is still flowing, the knife is chopped, and the wine is drowned, the sorrow is still there" (Li Bai's "Secretary of Xie Tiao Villa in Xuanzhou"), which expresses the poet's strong sense of irreconcilable contradiction between reality and ideal.
"How much sorrow can you have, like a river flowing eastward" (South Tang of Ten Countries, Yu Meiren by Li Yu). After experiencing the pain of national subjugation, the poet tasted the bitterness of life. He used "a river of spring water" to express his sadness and hatred, and let readers see that his worries are like spring water, and his grief and indignation are beyond words.
3. "Pound clothes" and "anvil sound"
A, caring about the warmth and coldness of family members and sewing clothes for the whole family is one of the main responsibilities of ancient women. In the repeated mechanical work of beating clothes, they have enough time to miss their relatives far away. The monotonous and long anvil sound helps to get rid of the troubles of the outside world and concentrate on it, which plays a role in condensing and strengthening the feelings of missing. It is for these reasons that the action of beating clothes and the related sound of cleaning the anvil have become the theme of "thinking about women" in classical poetry.
"The small kitchen tube is falling, and the clothes are shining on the bright moon at night." (Li Bai's "Dressing")
"If you are tired of smashing clothes, you will find that the wall is deep." (Du Fu's rags)
"In the shadow of Hong Fei, beyond the anvil, always go to the Jade Pass." (Song Yan Dao Ji's Youth Journey)
B, the state of dressing under the moon, the sound of the wind sending the anvil, not only reminds women of their own pain, but also easily touches the feelings of wanderers, so the image of dressing is also one of the traditional homesickness images.
Du Fu's Autumn Flourishing expresses his yearning for his hometown in exile with the anvil sound of Baidicheng.
Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan Wuxia was gloomy.
Between the river and the sky, the waves are rough and the clouds are covered with fog.
Cong Ju shed tears on another day, but she was alone in her hometown.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
C, classical poetry shows the image of the anvil beating, and also shapes this image. It not only infects and touches the homesick women and vagrants in the situation, but even ordinary poets often like to use this sound as the background music of their poems to express various complex emotions:
"The deep courtyard is quiet, the small courtyard is empty, the cold anvil is intermittent, and the wind is intermittent. But people can't sleep at night, and the sound of the moon reaches the curtain. " (The Prayer of Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty of the Ten Kingdoms)
"The alleys in autumn are clean, the lights are white, and the hall is cool at night. No one will know about it, and the whole city will be drunk. " (Lin Jingxi's Nightmare)
4.goose
It is said that Hongyan can deliver books. Li Yu said in Qingpingle: "Wild geese come without evidence." In spring, geese fly from the south to the north. When the hero saw the geese flying south, he suddenly gave birth to a glimmer of hope. Maybe these geese will bring news from the south of the country. But after waiting for a long time, the geese flew by and there was no news, leaving only deeper disappointment.
In the ancient culture of China, the image of the wild goose is often extended to the corresponding images such as "array", "goose sequence" and "flying geese", emphasizing the significance of the group and * * * Qi Fei.
"Goose coming": refers to the geese coming in sequence. In the Book of Songs, when Zheng Fengshu went to the field, there was a poem "Two clothes on board, a wild goose flying together".
Preface to Wild Goose: Preface to Flying Goose. Du Fu's poem "Tianchi": "Autumn geese preface, Wan Li fish school" is even more used to describe brothers.
There is also "strict array": the formation of geese in flight. Jiao Yanshou's "Lin Yi Er Fu Wind" in Han Dynasty: "Nine geese array, and the females are not alone." These poems all emphasize the relationship between geese and geese. The so-called "broken rainbow" is a lonely goose alone. There is a saying in Liu Yong's "Music of Music Collection": "Let's weep.
5.azaleas
Also known as Du Yu, Zigui and Shu Bird, it is said that Du Yu (Wang Di), the king of Shu, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul turned into a cuckoo.
A, because its voice is imitated by ordinary people as "it is better to go home" and its voice is miserable, the cuckoo in ancient poetry is often a symbol of desolation and sadness, and poets often use it to express homesickness and homesickness.
"When the flowers are gone, I heard that the dragon crossed the five streams" (Li Bai's "I heard that Wang Changling moved the dragon to go"), and the poet expressed his feelings of parting in the bleak natural scenery through the scene before him.
"Xiangjiang River sounds sad at dusk, and people who kill pedestrians return to the ship" ("Jianzhou defected to He Jingzhao Gong")
B, it is said that when cuckoo crows, deep red blood will flow out of its mouth, so cuckoo crows are often used to express the desolation of the environment.
"Cuckoo's blood cries, ape's sobs" (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip)
"Zi Gui still cries blood in the middle of the night, and he doesn't believe in the east wind, so he can't call it back" (Wang Ling's farewell to spring)
"jathyapple, there is the melancholy sound of cuckoo again, worrying about the empty mountain" (Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu")
"In the residual photo of Wu Hua, a bird of Shu, I can't bear to see the residual wall" (Nian Nujiao by Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty)
C, it is also useful to compare loyalty with cuckoo crying blood.
"From now on, I will leave Jiangnan Road and become a crow with blood" (Wen Tianxiang's Jinling Post in the Southern Song Dynasty)
6. partridge
A, its cry is imitated by ordinary people as "You can't live without your brother", which is easy to remind people of a hard journey, full of sadness and parting.
"The setting sun is boundless in autumn, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the Partridges")
"When the river is sad at dusk, the partridges are heard in the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man's Book Building a Wall in Jiangxi")
B, the partridge's cry can also be used to gently persuade people not to travel far to express their feelings of missing.
"There are Jiangnan guests in the banquet, so don't sing partridges against the east wind" (Zheng Gu's "The Singer at the Banquet"), which expresses the poet's homesickness caused by the so-called Jiangnan guests' reluctance to sing partridges.
7.swallow
Swallows become a symbol of love because they fly together.
"The falling flower is independent, and the swift flies in pairs" (Song Yan Dao Ji's "Fairy by the River"). The poet compares the sadness of "independence" with the music scene of "flying in pairs", that is, when the swallow flies in pairs, he thinks that he is alone, and his beloved is not around, so he feels bitter about loneliness.
B, because swallows have the habit of clinging to their nests, they become the sustenance of expressing current events and personnel metabolism in classical poems.
Liu Yuxi's "Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people in the old days" (Wuyi Lane) not only hinted at the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, but also revealed the poet's infinite feelings in the face of changes in the past and the present.
"Reed flowers grow old with me everywhere, who will fly next to the swallows in my hometown" (Jin Lingjun by Wen Tianxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty)
8, chilling
Lu Yun, a native of the Jin Dynasty, praised cicadas for their five virtues in the preface to a cold cicada: a cockroach on its head is a literary talent; Only drink dew, lofty; It is honest not to eat whole grains; Not building a nest is frugal; It is commendable to keep the season in line with the climate.
Cicada often becomes the carrier of the poet's self-esteem, and Qiu Chan's life is at stake. After the autumn rain, the cicada gave a few intermittent groans. So cicada has become synonymous with sadness.
"The cicadas in the west sing, and the guests in the south think." The poet was excited by the smell of cicada, and used a chilling metaphor to express his deep homesickness in prison.
"Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees!" (Li Shangyin's "cicadas"), the dawn is about to break, and cicadas are hoarse, while the tree it lives in (referring to the expected person) is still green and seems completely indifferent to the groans of cicadas. The poet gave away the cicada as a curtain, looking aggrieved.
"It's cold and sad, and the shower is over." There is no direct description of parting, but the feeling of "sadness" is full of readers' hearts, brewing an atmosphere that can touch the mood of parting.
"The autumn wind is cool, and cicadas are singing around me." ("White Horse is Wang Biao" by Cao Zhi.
9, the moon
A, the moon in ancient poems is often synonymous with homesickness and the carrier of acacia.
"Looking up, I found it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home." (Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking)
"He knows that the dew will frost tonight, and how bright the moonlight is at home! . "(Du Fu's Moonlight Remembers Brothers)
"I don't know whose house Qiu Si will fall into tonight." (Don Wang Jian's "Fifteen Nights Looking at the Moon and Sending Du Langzhong")
"The moon, now round at sea, is the end of the world." (Don Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking Far")
"Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me?" (Wang Anshi boating in Guazhou)
"It is estimated that every year, the heartbroken land, moonlit night, short pine hills." (Su Shi's Jiangchengzi)
B, the bright moon often contains the sadness of border people.
"The sand is like snow before returning to Lefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost." Don Yili's Listening to Shouxiang Wall Flute at Night.
"The moon was bright in Qin, closed in Han, and the Long March did not return." (Out of the Fortress by Tang Wang Changling) is tragic.
C sometimes the bright moon also contains the eternity of time and space.
"The ancients said, if people are running water today, they will look at the bright moon." (Li Bai's "Drinking Poison to Quench Thirst") shows the plunder of life by time and the helplessness of life in front of time to the fullest.
D, because the moon is characterized by shining all over the world, with a circle and a gap, the full moon can mean that relatives and friends get together and everything is fine; The absence of the moon can mean the separation of relatives and friends, and things are not satisfactory.
"People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs." (Su Shi's "Water Tune Songs") This is the truth.
"Hate you not on the river in January, north and south, east and west, north and south, only inseparable. Hating you is like a month on the river, temporarily full of loss, temporarily full of loss, when can we be together? " (Lu Song Ben Zhong's "Mulberry Picking") These two characteristics of the moon refer to personnel.
10, ship
In China's classical poems, there are many images to express the sense of wandering, such as duckweed, flying fleabane and lonely goose, and "boat" is one of the most common images to express this feeling.
The ancients often said that "rowing is tired" and "land and water go hand in hand", which shows the important position of "boat" in ancient transportation. When people travel and shop in a foreign land, they are more likely to cause infinite reverie. Poems written on boats or poems written on boats have become a spectacular tribe.
The image of "ship" in the following two poems is more integrated into the poet's sense of wandering:
Monkeys whimper on the dark mountain, and the river rushes in the dark.
The wind blows through the leaves on both sides, and the moon crosses my lonely sail.
I, a stranger in this inland area, miss my friends in Yangzhou.
Two long tears flow eastward to find the nearest touch of the sea.
-Meng Haoran's "From Tonglu to Yangzhou"
The leaves of trees have fallen, and the southeast is foggy and frosty.
Forests and mountains in the evening, the sky and the sea are blue.
The color changes for a long time, so does the autumn sound.
Lonely boat moonlight, still a person crossing the country at night.
-Liu E preface "The Yangtze River sends Meng Haoran in late autumn"
The themes of these two poems are very similar to those of the image group: both poets are wandering in a foreign land and living on a passenger ship. The dusk is four, and the night wind blows the leaves on the shore, making a sad sound. When they travel alone away from home, the two poets always think of their former friends and write poems to express their feelings. As the central image of poetry, the former is "I sail across the moon alone" and the latter is "the moon alone is small", both of which emphasize "the moon alone is small".
The waves in Dongting are cold and dawn invade the clouds, and the sails are sent far away by the sun.
Looking up from Mulan's boat several times, I didn't know that Yuan was a flower body.
B, Compared with the sense of wandering, another typical connotation of the image of "ship" in China's classical poems is "freedom".
The origin of this idea can be traced back to Zhuangzi, who said, "Those who have the ability will be troubled if they work hard, while those who have no ability will have nothing to ask for. They eat and swim, and swim without being tied to the boat. " Although his thoughts are negative, for China literati, "not tied to a boat" has become an attractive life ideal.
The following two poems expressing free feelings with the image of "ship" have been recited:
Come back from fishing without tying a boat, Jiangcun sleeps at sunset.
Even if the wind blows away overnight, it is only near the shallow waters of Lu Hua.
-Sikong Shu's "Jiangcun is a thing"
Alone, grass grows by the stream, and orioles sing on the trees.
The spring tide brought the rain late and urgent, and no one crossed the boat in the wild.
-Wei in Xixi Chuzhou
Qingshan 1 1
As the ancients said, a wise man enjoys water, while a benevolent man enjoys Leshan. The tranquility and vastness of the mountains always attract China people.
A, Castle Peak image appears frequently in poetry, which is the poet's home of body and mind. As a symbol of hometown, the majestic and steady green hills make the wanderers feel very cordial.
"The green hills are gay, and the bright moon has been in two townships." (Wang Changling's "Send firewood to serve the palace")
"Pedestrians think infinitely in the autumn wind, and the mountains across the water are like hometown." (Don Dai Shulun's "The Scenery of Childhood in Sichuan")
People who travel far away look at the green hills in other places and think about the scenery in their hometown. It is very comfortable for people who yearn for the distance to return to Qingshan alone and seek peace.
B, on the other hand, personnel exchange becomes metabolism, but the green hills remain unchanged and last forever. It is not only a spatial image, but also implies the time factor. It represents a kind of pressure and inspires the poet to reflect on life and history. It provides a coordinate for the poet to locate his image in history.
"Heroes go to luxury, only the green hills seem to be lost in the world" (Xu Hun's "Jinling Nostalgia"), and this sense of nothingness is repeatedly expressed in classical poetry. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with a word "Linjiang Xian", which is known as "the first tune through the ages" because it condenses this feeling. Qingshan's broad mind provides people with a place to live, which makes people nostalgic and yearning. Whether the poet finds it in the eternity of green hills or not,
Tao Yuanming, who "naturally loves mountains", left his official position and "picked chrysanthemums under the hedge and saw Nanshan leisurely" ("Drinking"), completely entrusting himself to nature. Li Bai, who was ostracized by the imperial court, said, "When you ask me what I mean by living in the Blue Mountains, I just laugh and don't answer" (Q&A in the Mountains).
C similarly, the image of "green hills" is often used to imply strong emotions in poetry.
"This is where your comrades have to leave you and turn at the foot of these purple mountains. I wonder when we can lift our cups again? Like we walked on the moon last night? . "(Du Fu's Farewell to General Yan at the Station)
"Wu, Yue Shanqing, exchanged greetings with Qingshan on both sides of the strait. Who knows the feeling of parting? " (Song Linbu's Sauvignon Blanc)
D. The endless green hills left a deep visual impression and imagination space for readers. Poets have long learned a skill to express certain feelings in the first half of a poem and put the image of "green hills" at the end.
"Facing the mist on the water, I am still waving my hand and crying for the birds on the other side of the desolate castle peak disappearing into space" (Liu Changqing's Watching the King Go South). The figure of my friend disappears from tears like a bird, and the castle peak still stands in front of us, which is a constant reminder of people's separation and increases sadness and melancholy. Qian Qi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Try to ring the bell and drum the rabbit" in the examination room, which is the most successful example ending with the image of "Castle Peak". As requested by the examiner, he is in the examination room. The beauty of melody is rare in the world, and the whole poem is wrapped in the following four sentences: "Running water spreads a small pool, and I hate Taiwan crossing the Dongting. At the end of the song, people are scattered, and there are several peaks on the river. " After the song, Xiangling disappeared, and the hate platform brushed the river and several green hills, presenting an extremely clean picture for readers, in which a sad soul and a pair of eyes were hidden. "At the end of the song,
12, Mei
Throughout the ages, most of the poems and songs about flowers are about plum, or praise its charm, clear form and elegant style, or praise its dignity and integrity. According to "Jingzhou Ji", Lu Kai, a poet of the Southern Liang Dynasty, wrote a poem: "Fold the plum blossoms and send them to the dragon head. What's in Jiangnan? Give me a plum. "
A, cold plum, no longer a general natural thing, has become a symbol of hometown, and has been poetic and typical. This cold plum naturally became the concentrated sustenance of my homesickness. So, Wang Wei asked alone, "Will the future lean against the window and open its first cold flower?" . Like "Song Tonight", "Ask where the plum blossoms fall, and the wind blows all over the mountain".
B most of Yongmei's poems in Tang dynasty were about in my heart forever, spreading friendship and corroborating his life experience. After the Song Dynasty, he gradually used Mei's friendship to express in my heart forever's meaning, but what he wrote was the beauty of his image and personality. The former is represented by Lin Hejing's Little Girl in the Mountain, while the latter is represented by Lu You's Yongmei the Buju Operator. Lu you loved plum, plum, plum and plum all his life. He praised May.
13, chrysanthemum
Beautiful and elegant, the fragrance attacks people and deceives frost and snow. Flowers are gorgeous after withering, and they don't compete with others. It is often a symbol of noble character in poetry.
"Drink Mulan in the morning and watch Qiuju in the evening." (Qu Yuan's Lisao in the Warring States Period), the poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers.
"Autumn flowers are like a Potter's house, and the hedge is setting. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers, but that this flower is even more flowerless. " (Don Chrysanthemum) expresses the poet's pursuit of faithfulness and noble character.
"It is better to hold incense on the branches and die than to blow in the north wind" (Zheng Sixiao's "Cold Chrysanthemum")
Poems such as "The lonely east hedge is wet and the sand shines before the gold" (Fan Chengda's "Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang") all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's lofty spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
14, Lotus
Lotus is also called lotus, hibiscus, hibiscus and lotus.
The second man said, because "lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "pity" means "love" and "son".
Respectfully speaking, "Reiko Kobayakawa" means that he loves the person in his heart, so there are many poems about lotus flowers in ancient poetry to express his love.
"Nantang autumn picking lotus, lotus over the head; Bow your head and take lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " ("Song of Xizhou" written by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties) Here, reality and reality coexist, meaning pun, which expresses a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love with homophonic pun rhetoric. "The fog reveals the lotus, but the lotus is unclear." (Thirty-five of the forty-two midnight songs in the Jin Dynasty) The fog reveals the true face of the lotus.
B, because the lotus is muddy but not dirty, clear and rippled, but not demon, it is regarded as a symbol of a noble person who is in a turbid world but still maintains integrity.
Other poems about "Lotus"
"Lotus can be picked in Jiangnan, and lotus leaves are sweet" (Jiangnan, an ancient poem by Han Yuefu)
"The east wind brings misty rain, and the wheels outside the Lotus Pond faint" (Li Shangyin's Untitled Four Poems)
"The Yangtze River is green in spring, and the lotus leaves are as big as money" (Tang Zhangji's Spring Biequ)
15, bamboo
First, bamboo is modest, introverted, rooted, firm, natural and unrestrained, tall and straight. Therefore, most poems are symbols of "faithfulness", "elegance" and "righteousness". Poets express their aspirations and feelings through bamboo, which contains profound philosophy.
"Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo, which makes people thin and vulgar" (Su Shi's Tale of Green Bamboo), which shows the elegance of literati.
"Asserting that Qingshan does not relax, the roots are broken. After many trials and tribulations, it is still strong, and it is not affected by the east, west, north and south winds "(Bamboo Stone by Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty), which highly praised the nature of bamboo that is not afraid of adversity and thriving;
"Hsinchu is taller than the old bamboo branches and is completely supported by the old poles. New students will be born next year, and ten dragons and grandchildren will go around Fengchi "(Hsinchu by Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty), which eulogizes the virtues of bamboo in respecting the old and loving the young and being passed down from generation to generation.
B, in addition, there are bamboo high winds and bright festivals.
"Naturally, Ziyou is partial to Er, and humble in the cold, snow and frost" (Liu Jian's Hsinchu).
C, showing tenacious vitality.
After the flowers and herbs wither, stay in the snow and watch.
D, show loyalty.
"At first, I felt sorry for you under the window of Zhushan, and waited for me to return without changing the shade" (Qian Qi's "Returning to the Old Cottage in the Late Spring") and so on.
Song Qing 16
Pine trees are hardy trees and will not wither after winter. The ancients said, "When cold comes and summer goes, pine and cypress wither." Therefore, it is often regarded as a symbol of integrity and moral integrity.
"I hope your seniors are relaxed, but don't be full of peaches and plums." (Li Bai's Book Gift) Wei always flatters powerful people, so Li Bai wrote poems to persuade him to be an upright person.
"If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." (Presented by my brother, Serina Liu of the Three Kingdoms), the poet encouraged my cousin to be as loyal as a pine and cypress, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.
17, Indus River
Indus is a symbol of desolation and sadness.
"Golden well phoenix tree autumn leaves are yellow, and the bead curtain does not roll frost at night. The jade pillow in the smoke cage is colorless, and you can listen to the Nangong for a long time. " (Poem of Long Xin Qiu in Changling, Tang Wang), it is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness, lying alone in a desolate and lonely palace, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem set off a tragedy with the background of the phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well.
"A phoenix tree sounds like autumn, and a small banana sounds a little sad. In the dream, the third night comes later." (Xu Yuan, Rethinking "The Night Rain of the Fairy with Double Watershed"), I wrote down all my thoughts as the plane leaves fell and the rain hit the banana.
"Peach and plum blossom, the spring breeze blows down, and after the autumn rain" (Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow), the cold rain in autumn hits the plane leaves, and the bitterness can be imagined. Others are as follows:
"One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps fall to the light" (Wen, "More Leakage");
Indus raining, dripping at dusk (slow voice of Li Qingzhao in Southern Song Dynasty), etc. Generally express such feelings.
18, Liu
A, Liu started from the Book of Songs, "I have been there, and willow is reluctant to part". For the first time, Liu sang to express her feelings and borrowed Liu to hurt people. There are thousands of trees in the world, "Chang 'an is devoted to infinite trees, but weeping willows manage to leave", and people have to fold willows and write willows when they bid farewell. This is because "willow branches are reluctant to part", deep affection and "all kinds of feelings" express sincere farewell feelings, and folding willows has been around since the Han Dynasty. The folk songs of Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties include "Riding a horse does not advocate flogging, but folding Yang Liuzhi, playing the flute on a plate and worrying about killing travelers", which reflects that everyone who left immediately at that time folded willows. Ordinary Yang Liuyi evokes feelings and associations that people have never clearly realized. In this poem, the young woman "doesn't know how to worry" about boarding.
C, willow has a graceful charm and charming posture ("a small willow, an inch of tenderness"), so it is endowed with endless sadness. This feeling coincides with the sadness of parting, "Liu Yiyi" and "reluctant to go", and poets like to use Liu to enter poetry, which is probably the reason.
19. In addition, the common images in classical poetry include: using "floating clouds" as a metaphor for wandering wanderers (such as "I should think of you in floating clouds, so I think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off"); The maturity of "plum" is a metaphor for a girl's desire for love (such as "looking back by the door, but smelling plum" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip"); Use "steed" as a metaphor for ambition (for example, "Xiao Teng is so rampant" Du Fu's poem "Cao Zai Huma"); Use "lilac" to mean sadness or complexity (for example, "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Niu Qiao's Thanksgiving); "Red beans" symbolize love or acacia {such as "when those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches; May you take more as a symbol of our love. " (Don Acacia)}; Write "Huayang" and leave love (for example, "In detail, it's not Huayang, it's a little tear" (Su Shi's Shui Long Yin); Use "grass" as a metaphor to retain hatred (for example, "retaining hatred is like spring grass, which can be born farther away" (Li Yu's Qing Ping Le); Write parting thoughts with "Rain Beats Banana" (for example, "How much leisure worries, dreams chase banana rain" (Ge Zhongsheng's "Lips drooping"); Crows are used to express the bleak atmosphere {such as "the old vine is faint" (Tianjingsha Qiu Si by Ma Zhiyuan in the Yuan Dynasty), "Beyond the sunset, there are ten thousand points in western Western jackdaw, and the water flows around the lonely village" (Man Fang Ting by Song and Qin Dynasties), as well as moss, Yangtze River, bluebird, red dust and Qingyun.