How to help students identify the lyric skills of poetry

China Library Classification. : G633.3 document identification code: a article number:1673-0992 (201) 06-264-01abstract: when students are allowed to enjoy poetry alone, most students still can't accurately grasp the lyric techniques of poetry. Here, the teaching conclusion is discussed preliminarily. Keywords: poetry; Lyrical technique; In teaching activities, although we make a theoretical distinction between students and even emphasize it many times, most students still can't accurately grasp the lyric techniques of poetry when they are allowed to enjoy poetry alone. Here, combined with teaching experience, I will make a preliminary discussion with you. The lyric techniques of poetry are generally divided into direct lyric and indirect lyric. Direct lyricism can also be said to express one's mind directly; There are four common lyric techniques for indirect lyric, namely, on-the-spot lyric, borrowing scenery lyric, feeling scenery lyric and borrowing things lyric. As for the identification of direct lyric and indirect lyric, students can accurately grasp it as long as they are different and give one or two examples. However, most students should master the four techniques of indirect lyric accurately, and only make theoretical differences, and the effect may not be good. However, as knowledge, students must master it correctly and cannot confuse it with others. Moreover, the college entrance examination has a high hit rate on students' lyric techniques. Therefore, as teachers, we must explore and summarize, find the most effective way to let students really master knowledge. Now, let's look at three pieces of information about introducing and distinguishing four indirect lyric techniques. First, many review materials in recent years often only introduce the concepts of these four lyric techniques, and add one or two examples for appreciation and analysis. For example, the book Towards College Entrance Examination published by People's Publishing House is introduced to students in this way: 1. Presence refers to the feeling when encountering the scene or scene in front of you. Attached are Li Bai's "Smelling the flute on a Spring Night in Los Angeles" and Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun"? 6? Two cases 1 snow, a little appreciation and analysis. 2. Lyricism by borrowing scenery means lyricism by borrowing scenery. Attached are Bai Juyi's Jiang Nanyi and Li Qingzhao's Dream. 3. Emotion in the scene (empathy in the scene) is to integrate or transfer feelings into the described scenery, taking Zhang Bi's Fate and Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow as two examples. 4. Expressing emotion by borrowing things is to express the feelings and ideas expressed by describing something or something. Two cases are also attached. Second, "the' landscape lover' writes the landscape clearly, which is the literal landscape language; But it must be hidden, that is, all the scenery words have been said; Lyric by scenery' is a method of lyric, that is, with the help of scenery, to achieve the purpose of lyric. " (Exam (Teaching and Research Edition) No.03, 2007). Third, "the difference between borrowing scenery and borrowing scenery to express feelings is mainly manifested in the following aspects: borrowing scenery to express feelings refers to the simultaneous appearance of scenery language and emotional language in the whole poem or word; The feeling in the scenery is that only the scenery appears in the whole poem or the whole word ... "(Exam (Teaching and Research Edition), No.03, 2007). Without comparative analysis, it is difficult for students to really master these lyric techniques, and once they need to appreciate them independently, it is difficult to identify the specific lyric techniques in the poem, so they will express them casually. Although there is a comparative analysis, there is still no specific difference between most senior high school students, and their expressions can still be regarded as vague, which is of little benefit to students. Although the third material has comparative analysis, the grasp of knowledge is hard to convince. In recent ten years, the hit rate of lyric poetry techniques in college entrance examination and regional unified examination is not low, and it is found that more than half of the students can't really distinguish lyric poetry techniques. In the periodical library, many foreign students have asked me about the classification of periodical articles, saying, "Teacher, although I have consulted a lot of materials about poetry appreciation, it is impossible to consult relevant materials about the author and writing background during the exam, so I am always uncertain about the lyric techniques of poetry. "It can be seen that it is the bounden duty of teachers to explore effective methods to distinguish the lyric techniques of poetry and help students truly master knowledge. Here, I state my exploration as follows, in order to attract jade. First, borrow things to express feelings. The lyric of borrowing things focuses on the word "things", which means things and scenery. Everything we see in life can be included in poetry. Cicada in Yu Shinan's Cicada, limestone in Yu Qian's Lime Anthurium, willow in He Yong Liu and plum blossom in Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom are all things we can see in our lives. In poems expressing feelings by borrowing things, this "thing" is often subjective or single, and it also has some characteristics of human spiritual quality, while the scenery written by poems using other lyric techniques does not have these two characteristics, but all things together form a whole picture. Therefore, borrowing things to express feelings is very different from other lyric techniques. As long as you look at whether the things in the poem are subjective or combined, you can roughly judge. Second, the emotion is in the scene (empathy is in the scene), and the author's feelings should be very strong in poems using this technique. However, if a poet wants to pour out his deep feelings, he has to rely on external scenery, but the material is ruthless and the objective scenery is not always transcendent. What about the great poet? Poets have to use rhetorical devices to express themselves. The commonly used rhetorical devices include personification, metaphor and exaggeration. For example, in Du Fu's "Spring Watch", "Where the petals have fallen like tears, the lonely bird has mourned", using anthropomorphic rhetoric, giving flowers and birds human feelings. Flowers shed tears for the current situation, and birds tremble for their lives. Flowers and birds, how can human feelings be compared? Visible author's deep love! Another example is Li Yu's The Mermaid, in which "How much sadness can you have? Like a river flowing eastward, the pain of national subjugation and yearning for the homeland are compared to the river flowing eastward. Even if metaphor, exaggeration and vivid exaggeration are used, it only expresses the author's infinite sadness. Because the author empathizes with the scenery, sadness seems to last forever. Poetry that uses the skill of empathy with the scenery often uses rhetoric. Of course, not all poems that use rhetoric use this technique. We should make clear the weight and depth of the author's emotions. Therefore, for senior high school students, it is really a good way to identify this lyric technique from rhetoric and emotional components. Third, lyric with scenery, that is, lyric with scenery. Such as "Cold Night" ("Sparse the stars and freeze the starry sky, the wet forest in Ryutsuki is thin, people in the virtual museum don't sleep, and they smell a leaf falling". Jess vividly expressed his sadness with the help of the subtle scene of "a leaf falling" in the autumn scene. Another example is Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun"? 6? Changsha (1) "The mountains are all red, the forests are all dyed, the rivers are all clear, and there are no battles. Fish are shallow, eagles strike the sky, and all kinds of frosty days fight for freedom. "With the help of the colorful and vibrant late autumn picture of Xiangjiang River, the poet expressed his infinite love for the rivers and mountains of his ancestors. The following is his persistent ambition. In fact, the use of this lyric technique is easy to judge. When we finish reading all the poems that are ostensibly depicting scenery without using rhetorical devices that are conducive to expressing deep feelings, we can basically confirm that they use the technique of borrowing scenery to express feelings, because "all scenery words are emotional words." "Compared with other lyric techniques, it is still more difficult to grasp the author's emotions. It requires us to ponder the characteristics of the painted scene, so as to understand the author's emotions. Fourth, the biggest feature of scene lyricism is that there are both scene descriptions and some scene descriptions in poetry, which often have emotions. Scenery or scenery is the premise, and lament is the result. Only scenery description or scene description is not on-site lyric, but on-site lyric; There are sighs, but they are not caused by scenery or scenes, nor are they lyric on the spot. For example, in Li Bai's "Smelling the flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night", "Who can't stand the homesickness? "It was after hearing the flute of Broken Willow that the poet aroused a strong homesickness and used lyrical techniques on the spot. If you just write a sad flute, or express a deep homesickness, it is not an impromptu lyric. Another example is Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun"? 6? Changsha 1 The first film depicts a picture of late autumn. Facing the splendid rivers and mountains, the poet can't help sighing who will dominate. The late autumn picture painted by the author is the reason and premise of lamentation; The author's exclamation is caused by the scene in front of him, not the result. Therefore, the author uses lyric techniques on the spot. Therefore, in order to identify this technology, we must master this feature.