It refers to the literary creation related to this great historical movement carried out by the participants of the Paris Commune Revolution in 187 1. It obviously served the revolutionary cause of the commune and opened up a new era of French proletarian literature.
The achievements of Paris Commune literature are various. In the third part of his famous autobiographical trilogy Jacques Ventura, barres, a member of the commune, brilliantly reproduced all the magnificent historical facts of the struggle of the Paris proletariat from the eve of the commune to the bloody week in May. He wrote many wonderful essays around the fighting activities of the commune; He also wrote a play called "Paris Commune", depicting the image of commune revolutionaries. Many commune survivors left interesting memoirs and historical works for future generations, such as Maxim Viyom's My Red Diary in the Commune Period (1844 ~ 1920) and only rochefort (1830 ~19/kloc-3). However, the most abundant and combative literature in the Paris Commune is poetry.
The commune has a large group of poets led by Eugè ne Pottier, the author of The Internationale, who is also a member of the commune. The most important of them are: commune members Jean-batiste Clemens, Clovis Jugge (1851~1907), commune heroine Louise Michel, commune executive committee secretary Henri Brissac (1826 ~/kloc-0). As well as the Central Committee member Eugè ne Chastelain (1829 ~ 1902) and commune members Olivier Su aitel, Akchir Leloir, Emile Deleux, Etienne Kaya, Senechal and Lajos. They left a lot of poems about commune revolution, mostly in the form of simple ballads, with the combination of realism and romanticism as the mainstream, showing a colorful face. Adapting to the process of commune revolution, commune poetry can also be divided into the following three stages:
1. In the brewing period of the Paris Commune Revolution, Napoleon's Third Army was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War. On September 19, Pu Jun's army began to surround Paris. At the beginning of Fortress Besieged, as portal showed in his poems "Defend Yourself, Paris" and "Paris and William", commune poets stood up against the enemy with hope, and their poems highlighted the theme of echoing patriotism. But soon, the surrender plot of the "national defense government" was exposed, and the commune poem became a condemnation. Chandler's Paris for a Steak hits the nail on the head, revealing that the bourgeoisie is "auctioning France", which is a popular poem of this kind. Subsequent commune poems show the rapid improvement of proletarian consciousness in Paris, and they generally emphasize that only proletarian revolution can defend Paris and save France. In the poem1870101October 3 1, portal first called for "Paris, you are quick to announce the establishment of a commune".
2. 72 days in the Paris Commune. There were not many commune poems in this period. Because commune poets have to carry out fierce revolutionary activities and battles first, they have no time to write; At the same time, many revolutionary poems in the commune period were erased because the reactionary government banned and burned the commune publications after its failure. Nevertheless, we can still see the ideological height and fighting style of commune poetry at this stage from the only remaining works. For example, Kalia's The Mole of Versailles vividly depicts the meanness and cowardice of the Versailles army invading Paris, and the heroism and heroism of the proletarians hiding in Paris. Seneca's * * * and the socialist alliance expounded the importance of the French working class and farmers fighting hand in hand; La Jos dedicated the poem "We want to be as friendly as brothers" to International Working Men’s Association under the leadership of Marx and Engels, and gave full play to the lofty ideal of "the proletarians of the whole world unite".
3. After the failure of the commune revolution, the ten-year persecution of the participants in the commune revolution caused some commune poets to be shot, some to be imprisoned or exiled, and some to be forced into exile abroad. The revolution turned to a low ebb, but the poetry of the Paris Commune became more prosperous.
After the failure of the commune, many commune poets made useful attempts to summarize the revolutionary history of the commune. The most striking thing is portal, who wrote The Internationale the day after the commune failed. 1886, he created a long epic "Paris Commune". These two poems are examples of expounding the basic principles of Marxist proletarian revolution by combining the experience and lessons of the commune.
At this stage, persecuted commune poets also wrote many poems describing their life and feelings in imprisonment, exile and exile. For example, brissac wrote Bagging in Nunu Island Exile, Hugo wrote Song of Prison in tours Prison, Michelle wrote Song of Prisoner in New Caledonia Island Exile, and Potie, who has been in exile in the United States for a long time and actively participated in the American workers' movement, wrote battle poems such as The Road Passed by the Paris Commune and American Workers to French Workers. Although the commune poets are in a difficult situation, their poems are full of the belief of victory.
People often classify some poems of Hugo, Rambo and Whelan as those of the Paris Commune. Hugo did sing that revolutionary Paris is "a city full of hope" in protecting children's mothers in The Prisoner Comes, expressed his deep sympathy for the defeated commune in To the Trampled People, declared himself "a friend of the oppressed and the expelled" in The Count of Filipi, praised Michelle, the heroine of the commune, and condemned Versailles. Rambo only went to Paris on the eve of the commune uprising, but he enthusiastically supported the commune. After the failure of the commune, he wrote The Drunken in Paris and The Hand of Jenny Marie. The former cursed Versailles, while the latter eulogized Paris and clearly hated love. Wei Erlan is a member of the commune. In two chapters of his old work The Defeated, he pays tribute to the victorious Paris Commune and upholds justice for the failed Paris Commune.