Du Fu
Wild temples hide trees, and mountain monks live high and low.
Shimen is different in color, and it is flushed everywhere.
When you enter the wind, you will feel comfortable.
The tiger lay down in front of the court, so he got Wen Lugong.
Overlooking Wan Jiayi, the smoke was cleared.
I have been studying in Yuhua for more than ten years.
The elders give themselves money, but the Buddhist temple only cares.
Bai Yue should be empty when the big bead falls.
Just like people in the north and south, weeds and vines are less hoed.
What's wrong with being polluted by poetry and wine for a long time?
The prince and the ants, together with the ruins of the mound.
I would like to smell the first meaning and return to my heart.
Scraping the film with a gold grate is costly.
There is nothing to learn from, just brag about it.
This poem was written by Du Fu Baoying in Zizhou, Sichuan in the first year. The whole poem is divided into three parts in structure. "Wild temple hides trees, and mountain monks contend. Shimen is different in color, and it is flushed everywhere. When you enter the wind, you will feel comfortable. Before the tiger lies in the court, it has its official residence. " Buddhist temples in Shan Ye are quietly located among tall trees. It is necessary to use concealment to set off wildness, but also to unify in the atmosphere of towering old trees. Writing functional words requires Gu Zhuo and the environment is mysterious. Monks' houses are stacked on top of each other, but the color of the stone gate is different from that of ordinary people, and purple mist surrounds the dense branches and leaves. The vines shook gently, and the stone steps were provoked by the brilliant glow. Therefore, the stone steps in Feng Ling also present an elegant and beautiful image. Biography of a Monk says that Hui Yong lives in sairinji, Lushan Mountain, and there is always a tiger at home. People are afraid of it, so they need to drive it to the mountain. After people leave, they are still tamed. Tan Zhoushan felt like a Zen master, and served with Erhu. Du Fu uses Buddhist scriptures here, which is intended to be a metaphor for the magical power of Master Wen Gong. Write this paragraph at the top. Originally refers to the Buddhist temple in the mountain. Later, he was called a waiter. Because it lives in the deepest part of the temple. The scene must be gradual. From looking at the front of the temple from a distance, to approaching the mountain gate, to leading the way in and out of the temple, the China office of the temple was finally built directly. Just like the foreground shot of a movie gradually becomes a close-up. "Tiger lying in front of the courtyard" comes suddenly, which forms a contrast between rigidity and softness with the front, making the scenery above more colorful and vivid.
The second part of this poem is a law praising justice. "Looking down at Wan Jiayi, smoke dispersed from the order. I have been studying in Yuhua for more than ten years. The elders give themselves money, but the Buddhist temple only cares. Bai Yue should be empty when the big bead falls. "Bird's-eye view of thousands of villages in the world, I saw secular smoke floating on the stone steps at my feet. This scholar is not only isolated from the world, but also no longer preaches. 10 years ago, it was said that the church was opened, but now it is gone, pure and silent, but the body is round and bright. His people trusted him, but he turned a blind eye. Because the bright moon is too empty, all filth is gone, and the reward should be rejected. Du Fu used several Buddhist scriptures here. First, The Story of the Western Regions makes good use of the loneliness given by the elders, and is written as "the elders pay for themselves". The second is "Fazhu Yuanlin": In the west, January is divided into black and white, and the first day of the first month is called Bai Yue. 16 has reached the end of the month, called Black Moon. Write "Bai Yue is empty". Thirdly, in the Biography of the Continued Monk, Fayun talks about "Hokkekyo", and suddenly he feels smallpox, like flying snow, falling in the air, lingering in the hall, but not falling; The Taoist Temple of Shengguang Temple preached that it rained heavily and flew indoors around the lecture hall. My teacher is outside the Yuhuatai. Lao Du was very familiar with Buddhist scriptures and turned them into the language of poetry. The ancients said that every word of Du Fu's poems was nowhere to be found. Although there is an absolute side, Du Fu does "read thousands of books" and "write like a god". The key is to master knowledge and learning thoroughly in the aesthetic mechanism, so that knowledge and learning have artistic life.
The above scenes and just laws are the objects of the poet, and of course they have entered his strong feelings of infatuation and praise. The following is a matter of course, express your feelings directly, and talk about it. "Just north and south people, weeds vines less Yun hoe. What's wrong with being polluted by poetry and wine for a long time? The prince and the ant. There are mounds of ruins. I hope to smell the righteousness at the beginning and return to the beginning of the earth. Scraping the film with a gold grate is costly. There is nothing to learn from, so I am boasting. " Du Fu lamented that he had drifted with the tide for many years, and Nan Fang suddenly went north, and the weeds had not healed and the hoe had been lost for a long time. In addition, due to the heavy degeneration and entanglement of dust and customs, the poet is very confused. What are the advantages of poetry and wine? Why are you in the body? Don't nobles and thieves and ants end up mutually assured destruction? However, at the beginning of life, there is a so-called first righteous person (Buddhist practice, the most important initial heart, that is, when the initial heart is born, it becomes consciousness. The Nirvana Sutra calls it the first principle, which is well known all over the world, but it has been put somewhere. Therefore, the poet sincerely hopes that Master Wen Gong can give up the knife of the golden grate, scrape off the blindfold of the blind Buddha and let him see the light again. "Nirvana Sutra" said: A good doctor has achieved success by treating the blind, so it is time for a good doctor to fix his eye mask with a gold grate. "Chequ" is a kind of jade produced in ancient Daqin and other western countries, and it is something that Buddhists do. Du Fu worships the Buddhist teachings of Master Wen Gong, hoping to learn life from them (Buddhism advocates that everything has life and death, and everything is empty, so the cloud is lifeless through "silence"), and explores the source and reason; Although the teacher is good at hiding things, he doesn't show them to others. Can he brag for me now?
The above-mentioned Wen Gong belongs to one of Du's dry words, but the object of dry words is not dignitaries, but monks far away from the world. This poem is lined with literary meaning in the above scene, and then lined with literary meaning in the poet's mind, flowing freely and revealing true feelings. Du Fu wrote Buddhist terms or allusions in poetic language, and combined the mysterious atmosphere of describing monks and nuns with the persistence of revealing their mentality in a straightforward and realistic style. Through various metaphors and aesthetic image languages, readers are not as bored as the preface because of the use of these terms or allusions. This is the aesthetic Buddhist knowledge, "turning books into my soul." It is worth noting that the poet's fascination with Buddhism is a complex cultural phenomenon. In the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist classics such as Beijing Jing Jing, Hua Yan Jing and Vimalakīrti Jing were all necessary books for literati. At the same time, many scholars have translated a large number of Buddhist stories and fables, thus expanding the influence of Buddhism and forming the cultural spirit of birth. It deeply influenced Du Fu's Confucian outlook on life. Based on Confucianism, the poet is full of ideas of loyalty to the monarch, patriotism and meritorious service, supplemented by Buddhism, as an internal cultivation method when he is frustrated in politics and depressed in life, and only regards Buddhism as a weapon to seek spiritual liberation. The poem "Du Yan Shi Zhi" written by Anonymous in Qing Dynasty made a very reasonable comment: "Shaoling is a person who can't forget the world. Although exiled to various places, the meaning of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism still lingers, which is different from Wen Gong. If we can forget this world, then when the palace in the treasure period will be in chaos, we will have turned around and left with Kong Chao's father. Will it be as good as today? Therefore, I know that this statement is only a temporary pastime and is not true. "