Guogurenzhuang
(Tang) Meng Haoran
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction
Meng Haoran (689 ~ 740), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, whose real name was Hao, was Haoran. Xiangyang Xiangzhou (now Xiangfan, Hubei) Xiangyang is known as Meng Xiangyang in the world. Mainly writing pastoral landscape poems. Because I have never been an official, I am also called Monsanto. Nanyuan, a mountain stream outside the south gate of Xiangyang, has his former residence. Once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain. Traveling to Chang 'an at the age of 40 should be promoted by Jinshi. He once wrote a poem named Gong Qing in imperial academy, and he wrote for it. He has a close friendship with Wang Wei. Legend has it that Wang Wei once invited himself into the office, just as Xuanzong arrived, Haoran fled to the bed. Wang Wei didn't dare to hide it. According to the facts, Xuanzong was ordered to see it. Haoran recited his poem to the sentence "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistakes", but Xuanzong was not happy. He said, "You don't want to be an official, and I haven't abandoned you. Why do you falsely accuse me!" Put it back in Xiangyang. After roaming in wuyue, I was extremely poor. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Han Chaozong invited Meng Haoran to Chang 'an to show his respect. But he didn't want to be famous, so he stood me up and got nowhere. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling became the long history of Jingzhou, which led to the shogunate. Before long, he returned to his former residence. In the 28th year of Kaiyuan, Wang Changling visited Xiangyang and Meng Haoran. They met and enjoyed each other. Shi Haoran has a poisonous sore on his back. He will recover. He died because he indulged in feasting and eating fresh food.
Meng Haoran was born in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He was useful to the world in his early years, but he was politically frustrated and lived in seclusion for life. He is an honest man and doesn't like to cater to others. His Geng Jie disobedient character and naive and noble sentiment are admired by contemporary and future generations. Li Bai praised him and said: "The beauty is unlucky, so don't focus on the car, but on the clouds; Now, "White-haired" said admiringly: "Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, just to pay tribute to Chun Xiang (A Word to Meng Haoran). Wang Shiyuan said in the preface to Meng Haoran that he was "handsome in appearance and handsome in spirit; Rescuing patients, resolving disputes, in order to establish righteousness; Irrigation of vegetables and bamboo is noble. " Wang Wei once painted his portrait in Yunzhou Pavilion with the title "Haoran Pavilion". Later generations respected him and refused to call him by his first name, so he changed his name to "Meng Ting" and became a local scenic spot. It can be seen that he is famous among ancient poets. Wang Wei, Li Bai and Wang Changling are all his good friends, and Du Fu, Pi Rixiu and others also have a good relationship with him.
Meng Haoran's life experience is relatively simple, and the theme of poetry creation is also very narrow. Meng's poems are mostly five-character short stories, mostly pastoral poems and secluded poems, and most of them are in the mood of serving immortals. Although it is not without cynicism, it is more of a poet's self-expression. He and Wang Wei also said that although Wang's poems are far less extensive and profound, they have unique artistic attainments.
Meng Shi's poetry is not carving, but thinking, full of wonderful self-satisfaction interest, not frugality and poverty. He is good at exploring the beauty of nature and life, immediately understanding the scene and writing his true feelings at the moment. For example, Qiu Deng Wan Shan sends Zhang Wu, Summer is in the South Pavilion, Guo Zhuang, Night Sleeping in Jiande, Night Song of Deer Gate, etc. , naturally become muddleheaded, but the artistic conception is clear and full of charm. Du Fu said that his poems and sentences in the Qing Dynasty were "perfect" ("Relieve boredom") and praised him for "why bother to write poems, they often give thanks" ("send happiness"). Pi Rixiu said: "Mr. Wang's works are full of praise when he meets the scenery, regardless of the strangeness, which makes those who pollute and bind the population have the interest of doing nothing. If he loses, he will be lucky and unfortunate. " The beauty of the Northern Qi Dynasty' hibiscus is exposed, and willow is sparse in the middle of the month'; Mr. Wang has Wei Yun Lian Han, Shu Yu Wu Tong. Yuefu Rong' sunshine on the sand, wind and spring turbidity'; The king said, "The fog of clouds and dreams has trapped Yueyang." . Xie Tiao's poem is' dew wet cold pond grass, bright moon reflects clear Huai Liu'; Mr. Wang has "the wind sends lotus fragrance, and the bamboo leaves drip." "This is better than the ancients." His lyrical works, such as "Returning to the South Mountain at the End of the Year", "Feeling on the River at the Beginning of Cold", "Climbing the Wild Mountain with Friends", "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" and "Talking about Wanshan", etc. Often touched by the ethereal spirit, the brushwork is like nothing, but the meaning is profound and inexhaustible. Yan Yu uses Zen as a metaphor for poetry, which means that Haoran's poem is "wonderful" (Cang Bian). In the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shi Lu introduced Yan's introduction, praised "the theory of verve" and Wang Meng. He used Ran He's poem "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at Night" as a model and said, "At this point, the poem is empty, and politics is like a gazelle, and there is no trace to be found. The painter called Yipin. " On the basis of inheriting Tao and Xie, the pastoral poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty has made new development and formed a school of poetry. Among his masterpieces, Meng Haoran is the longest. He is the pioneer and has great influence on that time and later generations. His poems are based on broad-mindedness, but "there is a strong and free-spirited spirit in broad-mindedness" (Tang Yingui cited Pu Yin for money). For example, "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang City" ("Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang") is linked with Du Fu's "There is Wu in the east and Chu in the south, and you can see the world drifting endlessly" ("Climbing Yueyang Tower"), which has become a famous sentence describing the wonders of Dongting. In Qing Dynasty, Pan Deyu once pointed out: "Pu Qin has been surprised by Xiangyang's poems, such as' Morning Light in Xu Dong'. Lying down in Pukou to smell the fish, the radial sound is dark, and the sunrise weather is divided, which shows that the rivers and lakes are wide and the boat knows the wind. Hanging seats for the morning hair, in the lake. See the middle stream, and press Jiujiang Bear. "In the morning, the incense burner rises and the waterfall sprays Chen Hong." You are full of energy and look down on everything. You can't just look at it and speak clearly. However, this is rare in Meng's poems and cannot represent the main aspects of his style. Generally speaking, the content of Meng's poems is thin, which makes him trapped by space. Su Shi said that he was "high in rhyme but short in talent, such as making wine by internal method without using materials" (quoted from Chen Shidao's Poems on Houshan), which was quite to the point.
Although Meng Xiangyang is the founder of Tangshan water poems, his achievements are not as good as Wang Wei's. Why? One is because of his talent, and the other is because his poems are often not as lofty as Wang Wei's. Meng Haoran has been an official all his life, and his heart is not sweet. This situation often appears in his poems, which makes his poems cold and frugal. Wang Moshu, however, was an official all his life. After many twists and turns, he had a profound understanding of the changes of the world. This emotion originated from poetry is often interesting and difficult to pursue.
Although, Meng's poems have their own merits. His poem Far Away not only inherits Tao Qian's thoughts, but also does not diminish Wang Wei. For example, sentences such as "Going south to the wild, because the leaves are falling, the north wind comes to Shui Han" and "There is a breeze on both sides of the strait, and the moonlight is alone" can really be described as "empty and comfortable, indifferent", which is worthy of being a masterpiece in landscape poetry.
In the fourth year of Tianbao (745), Wang Shiyuan of Yicheng received Meng Haoran's poems and got 2 18 poems. He lost his book. Meng Haoran's poetry collection, which is now widely circulated, contains 263 poems, 45 more than Wang Ben's, including other people's works. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty. Apart from going to Chang 'an for an examination at the age of forty, I have been living in seclusion in my hometown, Lumen, learning to write poetry. Poetry is mostly about landscape and pastoral, and it is the main landscape and pastoral poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They are just as famous as Wang Wei and are collectively called "Wang Meng".
[Edit this paragraph] Dynasty
the Tang Dynasty
(6 18 ~907) is one of the most important dynasties in the history of China, and it is also recognized as one of the most powerful times in China.
[Edit this paragraph] genre
Eight-sentence five-character verse
[Edit this paragraph] indicator:
○ Pingsheng ● Pingsheng ⊙ Pingkecuo △ Yunping ▲ Yun Yun
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
⊙ ○ ⊙ ● ● ⊙ ● ● ○ △
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
⊙ ● ⊙ ○ ● ○ ○ ⊙ ● △
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
⊙ ○ ⊙ ● ● ⊙ ● ● ○ △
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
⊙ ● ⊙ ○ ● ○ ○ ⊙ ● △
To annotate ...
1. So: visit, visit, visit.
2. Equipment: preparation.
3.shú: refers to roast chicken and yellow rice.
4. Close: Surround.
5. Guo: It means outside the village.
6. Oblique: (11×)
7. announcement: window.
8. Nursery: a small yard for farmers. (field: threshing floor. Nursery: vegetable garden. )
9. Talking about Sang Ma: Talking about crops.
10. Just: Go. The meaning here is appreciation. In fact, many people in classical Chinese have this idea, such as "going online on the platform" and "holding it on fire ("movable type version ")"
10. Chrysanthemum: refers to both chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum wine.
12. Handling: take it and die.
13. Double Ninth Festival refers to the ninth day of September in the summer calendar. People often climb mountains and drink chrysanthemum wine.
[Edit this paragraph] to the effect that
My old friend prepared a meal and invited me to his simple home.
The periphery of the village is surrounded by green trees, while the suburbs are covered with green hills.
When we opened the window, we faced the threshing floor and the vegetable garden. We talked about the growth of crops while drinking cups.
Wait until the Double Ninth Festival, and then come here to enjoy chrysanthemums and drink.
Passing the village of the elderly (1)
meng haoran
The word "green tree" is written about the beautiful scenery of the countryside, "open"
The word "Xuan" describes the working life of farmers. These seemingly insignificant, but full of interest in returning to nature.
Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend. You entertain me on your farm.
We watched the green trees around your village, and the green hills crossed the slope.
We open your window and overlook gardens and fields, wine and Sang Ma.
Wait until the mountain holiday is 8, and I will come back at 9: 00 chrysanthemum time.
[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of Poetry and Prose
This poem named "Meng Xiangyang" has no intention of seeking merit, but it is fresh and extraordinary. It is fresh and shallow, with the sound of its own spring flowing on the stone and the sound of the wind blowing to Panasonic. This poem is Meng's masterpiece. The whole poem uses plain language to write plain things, and kindness is seen in peace.
Castle peak and green trees, chicken and millet in Sang Ma, what an idyllic scenery; Nursery, old friends, light wine, really like a fairyland on earth. Here, worldly fame and fortune, honor and disgrace are like passing clouds. Old friends get together and wait for a meal of chicken and millet, but they express ordinary and simple things poetically, leaving people with a beautiful artistic conception and fantasy space.
This poem was written by the author when he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain and visited a friend's house in the mountain village. Write a sentence or two on the invitation, "old friend" means it's not the first time to be a guest. Three or four sentences are famous sentences describing the scenery of mountain villages. Surrounded by green trees, the green hills are oblique, just like a faint ink painting. Write five or six sentences about the taste of mountain village life. Facing the garden in the yard, talking about crops with wine is kind and natural, full of life breath. At the end of the two sentences, let's get together on the Double Ninth Festival and write down the depth of friendship. The whole poem depicts the beautiful mountain village scenery and quiet rural life, with simple and fresh language, vivid artistic conception and strong flavor of life, which has become a masterpiece in pastoral poetry since the Tang Dynasty.
The whole poem is as ethereal as words, neither classical nor rough. Reading is simple, natural and sincere, and a warm-hearted friendship emerges from the poem and lasts forever.
Why can this poem have such artistic appeal?
Think about it carefully, because the poet wrote a peaceful life and beautiful and quiet pastoral scenery with happy feelings. There are no famous mountains and rivers, and there are no exotic flowers and plants. There are plenty of fields, a piece of Sang Ma and simple farmers' friends. When the poet was invited to visit the farmers, the simple language of "prepare chicken and rice for me, and my old friends and you will entertain me on your farm" started an antique. Chicken millet is the most sincere performance of farmers' customers. It makes people float the image of the family. Tianjia's environment is surrounded by green trees and green hills. So, an old friend was in front of the garden outside the window, catching up on old wine and talking about Sang Ma's farming, full of joy. The host's hospitality is sincere, not only for this happy conversation, but also for the guests to come again next year's Double Ninth Festival. At that time, the hedge was open and it was another feast for the eyes.
Meng Haoran is good at describing nature and is as famous as Wang Wei. From Passing the Old Village, we can see that the author is intoxicated by the nature of the countryside with a clear and lofty feeling, bearing the warmth of friendship, so he can express a beautiful chapter in simple language. The environment described is reminiscent of some plots in Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden and Come Home, but each has its own characteristics, in different places.
Passing through the Old People's Village can be handed down, which is characterized by simplicity in art and freshness and colloquialism in language. As a result, it is natural to carve hibiscus with clear water. From this point of view, a good poem can get rid of stereotypes, write naturally, without painting or piling up, just like Xie wrote, "Scattering into Qi, Chengjiang is as quiet as practice", showing its skill in plain.
[Edit this paragraph] Brief analysis
"Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend. You entertain me on your farm." This beginning is like a note in a diary. The old friend "invited" and I "arrived". There is no rendering in the text, it is simple and casual. This is just a possible form between friends who don't need to be polite. The invitation of "chicken and millet" not only shows the unique flavor of Tianjia, but also shows the simplicity of hospitality. It is this kind of hospitality without ceremony and ostentation and extravagance that makes the hearts of friends more open to each other. This beginning is calm and natural, but it is an excellent introduction to the content of life to be developed, showing the characteristics of the atmosphere, which needs to be further enriched and developed below.
We looked at the green trees around your village and the pale blue of the distant mountains. (Zhizhuang) "We watched the green trees around your village", close-up. "Harmony" means that the village is surrounded by green trees, forming a quiet world. "and the pale blue in remote mountainous areas", vision. "Oblique" means overlooking the green hills outside the city, forming a vast realm. The distant view sets off the close-up view and depicts the vast and quiet environment of Laoyou Village. Poets are naturally very happy and relaxed when they come to such an environment.
For these two sentences, people pay more attention to "talking about Sang Ma" and think that they are forgetful in farming, which is true. But with a large grain field and vegetable garden in front of the porch window, surrounded by green shade, it gives people a spacious and stretched feeling. Sang Ma makes you feel more rural. Therefore, we can not only appreciate the stronger local flavor, the flavor of labor production, but also smell the soil flavor on the nursery, see the growth and harvest of crops, and even feel the characteristics of regions and seasons. With the combination of these two sentences and the first two sentences, green trees, green hills, cottages, playgrounds and Sang Ma blend together harmoniously, forming a beautiful and quiet pastoral landscape, while the laughter of the host and guest and the words about Sang Ma seem to linger in our ears.
Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I'll come back at chrysanthemum time. (Farewell) Meng Haoran was deeply attracted by farm life, so when he left, he told his master frankly that he would come back to see chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival in autumn. A few simple poems, the enthusiasm of old friends to treat each other, the pleasure of being a guest, and the cordial harmony between the host and the guest are all on the paper. An ordinary farm, an ordinary dinner of chicken and millet is so poetic. It describes the prospect of the eyes, and the level of description is completely natural in spoken language. The pen and the pen are very relaxed, and even the form of rhythmic poetry is free and flexible. The enthusiasm of friends for treating each other, the poet's pleasure of being a guest, and the profound friendship between them are all deeply contained in the word "Hui".
[Edit this paragraph] Comments
This is an idyllic poem, which describes the quiet and leisurely life scene of farmers and the friendship of old friends. Poetry is written down from "invitation" to "arrival" to "hope" and "appointment", which is naturally smooth. The language is unpretentious and the artistic conception is fresh and meaningful. The author wrote the process from visit to farewell in kind and clean language, such as home-style form. His rural scenery is fresh and quiet, his friendship with friends is sincere and profound, and his family life is simple and cordial.
This is a very simple pastoral landscape painting. Sincere and cordial friendship, a typical farm life scene, combines the beauty of nature, life and friendship in one furnace, which shows the harmony of the poet's inner world. He deeply integrated artistic beauty into the flesh and blood of the whole poem, which seemed natural and natural. This kind of showmanship is not dazzling, not showing off skills, not only relying on one or two carefully crafted sentences to prop up the facade, but also reflecting the superb artistic level. You only think that this brisk and approachable style is in line with the simple peasant countryside he described, which shows that the form and content are highly adapted, but they are calm and kind, but not dull.
An ordinary farm, an ordinary dinner of chicken and millet is so poetic. Describe the prospect of the eyes, in spoken language, the level of description is completely natural, and the pen and ink are very easy. This approachable style and the simple farmhouse music he described complement each other, reflecting the high adaptation of form and content, indifferent but not dull. Plain contains deep affection.
[Edit this paragraph] Voiceover
This can't help but remind people of Du Fu's "being drunk by Tianfu mud is beautiful, strict and sincere": "When will the bright moon start, I will stay, and I still want to be promoted." Du's father supports people, and he is in a hurry; Montessori made an appointment with an old friend again to soften his words. The difference between the stagnation and Meng's calmness may give us a glimpse of some news.
[Edit this paragraph] Commentary
Wen Yiduo's "Three Hundred Essays of Tang Poetry" said, "The real Meng Haoran is not to build the poem tightly in a couplet or a sentence, but to dilute it and disperse it evenly throughout the whole article so that he can't see the poem. This is the real Meng Haoran's poem." Lv Kui said, "This poem is natural and has no trace of carving." Tang poetry: "Perfect and wonderful."
Shen Deqian's Tang poetry: "The writing is wonderful, but the syntax is not seen"; Pi Rixiu's Yunzhou Meng Ting Ji "Don't be curious ... If the public loses, it will be unfortunate". He deeply integrated artistic beauty into the flesh and blood of the whole poem, which seemed to come naturally. This kind of show, which does not show off strangeness and skills, not only relies on one or two carefully crafted sentences to show the facade, but also shows the superb artistic level.
Writing background
It is different from pure fantasy peach blossom garden, but more realistic in the prosperous Tang society. It is in this world that poets who once lamented that "the Lord of the realm is harsh on us, and the people who handle affairs are not like us" not only forgot the setbacks encountered in political pursuit, but also forgot the gains and losses of fame and fortune, even the lonely and depressed mood in seclusion. It seems not hard to imagine that his thoughts are relaxed, and even his actions are flexible, from his view of mountains and rivers, from his * * * words about wine with friends in Sang Ma. The environment and atmosphere of the farm showed its conquest here, which made Meng Haoran seem to be converted.
Wait until the mountain is on holiday, and I'll come back at chrysanthemum time. Meng Haoran was deeply attracted by farm life, so when he left, he told his master frankly that he would come back to see chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival in autumn. A few simple poems, the enthusiasm of old friends to treat each other, the pleasure of being a guest, and the cordial harmony between the host and the guest are all on the paper. This can't help but remind people of Du Fu's "being drunk by Tianfu mud is beautiful, strict and sincere": "When will the bright moon start, I will stay, and I still want to be promoted." Du's father supports people, and he is in a hurry; Montessori made an appointment with an old friend again to soften his words. The difference between the stagnation and Meng's calmness may give us a glimpse of some news.
An ordinary farm, an ordinary dinner of chicken and millet is so poetic. It describes the prospect of the eyes, and the level of description is completely natural in spoken language. The pen and the pen are very relaxed, and even the form of rhythmic poetry is free and flexible. You only think that this brisk and approachable style is in line with the simple peasant countryside he described, which shows that the form and content are highly adapted, but they are calm and kind, but not dull. Plain contains deep affection. On the one hand, although there is almost no trace of strenuous exercise in every sentence, on the other hand, there has never been weakness in every sentence. For example, the first two sentences of the poem only write the invitation of friends, but they can show the simple peasant atmosphere; Three or four sentences only write green trees and green mountains, but you can see a world; Five or six sentences only write wine gossip, but they can show the comfortable fit between mood and environment; Seven or eight sentences only say that Chongyang will come again, but naturally they show their attachment to this village and old friends. These sentences are balanced and even, and together with * * *, they form a complete artistic conception, which combines quiet and beautiful pastoral scenery with simple and sincere friendship. This is the so-called "ingenious pen gives birth to flowers, but there is no syntax" (Shen Deqian's Tang poetry). "Don't hook the strange, strange ... if the public is lost, it will be a coincidence and misfortune" (Pi Rixiu's Yunzhou Meng Ting Ji). He deeply integrated artistic beauty into the flesh and blood of the whole poem, which seemed natural and natural. This kind of showmanship is not dazzling, not showing off skills, not only relying on one or two carefully crafted sentences to prop up the facade, but also reflecting the superb artistic level. For example, a beautiful woman, her beauty is perfect and holistic, not because a certain part is particularly touching. Instead of putting on airs, she was amazed by a natural color and charm. It is precisely because of the true reflection that the words are scattered and pure, which makes the whole poem show its charm from "light touch" without "heavy makeup"