First, find out what is written?
1. What content is written?
The content here can be some kind of emotion of the author, such as nostalgia, Sadness, nostalgia, nostalgia, and melancholy; it can also be the author's certain views on life, society, and life.
2. How to determine what content is written?
(1) Pay attention to the title of the poem
The title of the poem often tells us the content of the poem, such as "Looking" "Dongting" indicates that the content of the poem is Dongting Lake, and "Inscribed on Li Ning's secluded residence" indicates that the content of the poem is a description of Li Ning's secluded residence. Determining the content of the poem can help us understand the theme of the poem and the author's emotions.
(2) Pay attention to the key phrases of poems
Key phrases often reveal the author’s perception of life, understanding of society and the direction of the author’s emotions in the poem, such as 2001 The word "heavy" in the sentence "Momo's sail is heavy" in the college entrance examination question, on the surface, means that the sail is heavy due to moisture, but actually it means that my friend is leaving and I feel heavy.
(3) Pay attention to the implicit information of words
A major feature of poetic expression is that it is implicit. It often means one meaning on the surface, but another meaning in reality. For example, the sentence "Do you know? Do you know? It should be green, fat, red and thin." On the surface, it means that the leaves are lush and the flowers have withered after the rain. In fact, it expresses the author's nostalgia and farewell to spring.
(4) Pay attention to allusions and myths
Allusions and myths generally have relatively fixed meanings. Understanding these contents is of great benefit to our overall understanding of the whole poem. For example, the 1997 college entrance examination questions about the myths and legends of Shun's concubine and Xiangjun sisters.
2. Find out how it is written?
1. Understanding typical details
The description of details often reveals the feelings and emotions of the protagonist of the poem. Content should be paid special attention to when analyzing. For example, in the 2000 college entrance examination question, the detail "knocking" in "knocking chess pieces and falling lanterns" shows the irritability of the protagonist of the poem because the guest did not come in the middle of the night. Pay attention to the context when analyzing details. If you don't pay attention to the words "I have an appointment but don't come until midnight" above and the words "falling lantern flowers" below, you may interpret "Xiankiao" as expressing the leisurely and tranquil mood of the protagonist of the poem.
2. Pay attention to the structure of the whole poem
The structure is always arranged to highlight the theme and the author's emotions. Structures include total fraction, hierarchical, comparative, etc. For example, in the 1996 college entrance examination question, the entire Yuan Dynasty song opens with a question, describing the heroic deeds of the Three Kingdoms characters in a hierarchical manner, and finally ends with an overview. The whole article is divided and summarized, and echoes from beginning to end.
3. Pay attention to the relationship between the part and the whole
For example, in a college entrance examination question of a certain year, the first couplet, chin couplet, and neck couplet of this poem all describe Li Ning’s living environment. , the three couplets describe the tranquility of the residence from different angles, this is part of it. The core here is the tranquility of Li Ning's residence, which is the whole. If you forget this whole when understanding the above three couplets, you will probably interpret these three couplets as "expressing the author's yearning for a secluded life." Also note that allusions, myths and legends in poetry are also parts and serve the whole.
4. Pay attention to the angle of expression
In order to better express his feelings and emotions, the author often expresses it from multiple angles to exaggerate the atmosphere and deepen the reader's impression. For example, in the 2001 college entrance examination question, the author repeatedly expressed the poet's farewell feelings from the perspective of light rain, heavy sails, late birds, deep sea gates, and far away trees, as well as from long and close views.
5. Pay attention to the analysis of the artistic conception of the poem
Pay special attention to the description of the scenery in the poem, and find out what scenery the author uses to create what kind of artistic conception. For example, in the 1997 college entrance examination question, the author used "the harmony of the lake and the autumn moon" and "a green snail in the silver plate" to outline the harmonious picture of the Dongting Lake water and the clear light of the bright moon on an autumn night, and the water and sky being the same color.
6. Pay attention to the rendering of the environment
In poetry, authors often use environmental descriptions to mobilize readers' emotions, so that readers can't help being influenced by the author and accept the author's views or emotions. . For example, in the 1998 College Entrance Examination question, the author used objects such as grass paths, deserted gardens, bird-perching trees, monks knocking on doors, dividing fields, and moving cloud roots to paint a picture of Li Ning's seclusion, making us unable to help but praise Li Ningju. The secluded place.
7. Pay attention to sentence expression
Language expression can be said from three perspectives.
On the whole, we need to analyze whether the author expresses his feelings directly or has twists and turns. We should also pay attention to other aspects such as the combination of movement and stillness, the combination of distance and nearness, etc.
From a sentence perspective, we should pay attention to some rhetorical methods. Rhetorical methods are always intended to better illustrate the topic and enhance emotional expression. Common ones include metaphors ("a green snail on a silver plate"), symbols (the spring volume of 2000 talks about "cicada" on the surface, but actually talks about people), foil (the spring volume of 2001 uses movement to set off stillness), and puns (the 1994 college entrance examination On the surface, Juan talks about why he prefers chrysanthemums, but in fact he is praising the quality of chrysanthemums, and praising chrysanthemums is actually praising people). Other things to pay attention to include comparison, exaggeration, synaesthesia, etc.
From the perspective of words, we should pay attention to appreciate the clear and precise wording. In addition, there are also coined words, such as "foreigner" in "alone in a foreign land, a stranger", which does not have the meaning of "foreigner". The word "guest", but it comes from "a foreign land" and is very natural, emphasizing the "different"; the part of speech is developed, such as "it should be green, fat, red and thin", green cannot be fat, red cannot be thin, fat and thin are not lush, thin. It means withering, but it is used here with a new meaning, image, and appropriateness; the predicate is lost, such as "the wandering cloud means the wandering child, the setting sun is the feeling of an old friend". There is a predicate after "floating cloud" and "setting sun", but if "like" is added For the first type of verb, the connection between the context is too close. The original poem was supposed to express a floating feeling, but this feeling is lost once the verb is added; the two sides of the copula are asymmetrical, such as "Looking carefully, it's not Yang." Flowers, dots are tears of departure." They are clearly poplar flowers, but the author says they are tears of departure, which not only expands the content, but also strengthens the emotion; perverse causal relationships, such as "People are gone in the past, but today "The water is still cold", Yishui gives people a tragic feeling, not from the past to the present, but the stagnation of emotions in the author's heart. In other words, it is because of the emotions in the author's heart that there is a feeling of "water is cold" .
3. Expression
1. The process of expression must be complete
A kind of perception, an emotion, and its expression must have a process. When we express this kind of perception and emotion, we must make the process clear. For example, for a topic such as "Please analyze the poem "Birds Singing Stream" (2001 spring college entrance examination question), a picture of a moonlit night in a spring mountain", we will use "people are idle" and "flowers fall" before the moonrise, and "birds singing" after the moonrise. "Let's analyze this process.
2. Answer as required, with clear key points
Just answer whatever the question requires you to do, and you are required to analyze artistic conception, environmental description, language characteristics, rhetorical use, etc. You must see it clearly. Only when you see it clearly can your expression be targeted and focused.
3. Fluency of expression
Fluency of expression means, firstly, that the text is smooth, secondly, that it is in order, and thirdly, it means that the wording is accurate and the expression is in place. As long as you truly understand it, you should be able to express it fluently.
As we all know, the creation of poetry pays great attention to implicitness and conciseness. The poet's lyricism is often not the direct expression of emotion, nor the direct infusion of thoughts, but the words here and the intention there. When describing a scene, he uses the scene to express his emotions, and when he chants about an object, he expresses his aspirations through the object. The "scenery" written here and the "things" chanted here are the objective "images"; the "emotions" expressed by the scenery and the "ambition" chanted about the things are the subjective "meaning": " The perfect combination of "image" and "meaning" is "image". It is not only a portrayal of real life, but also the crystallization of the poet's aesthetic creation and the carrier of his emotional ideas. A poet's cleverness often lies in his ability to create a novel "image" or a group of novel "images" to express his emotions implicitly.
On the contrary, only in the process of comprehending the meaning of the image can the reader grasp the content of the poem, understand the theme of the poem, enter the artistic conception of the poem, and perceive the poet's emotions. Therefore, poetry must use the interpretation of poetic imagery as the breakthrough point, and the understanding of poetic imagery as the breakthrough point.