Piano teaching can be divided into four stages: enlightenment, elementary, intermediate and advanced. The learning content at each stage usually includes basic exercises, etudes, polyphonic works and music. As basic exercises, Czerny's works are still the most systematic, such as "Preliminary Piano Tutorial" 599, "24 Exercises for the Left Hand" 718, "Piano Fluid Etude" 849, "Quick Piano Etude" 299, "Piano Exercises" "50 Songs" etc.
Czerny was a representative figure of the Vienna School of Piano Performance in the first half of the 19th century. The large number of etudes he wrote were aimed at training in the performance techniques of classical works, that is, "classical technique", mainly with fingers. It is granular, uniform and fast, and the training for the left hand is relatively weak, so it is necessary to add repertoire of various composers as a supplement. These teaching materials can be selected in a targeted manner and interspersed according to the actual situation of the students. They cannot be played one by one in succession.
Children’s Enlightenment Stage
Among the currently popular children’s enlightenment textbooks, they can be roughly divided into three entry-level types of staffs, namely the entry-level treble staff method, the entry-level method of central c, and more. Sound entry method. The traditional enlightenment textbook "Bayer Basic Piano Tutorial" uses the treble clef entry method. The "Thompson Easy Piano Tutorial" currently widely used in China, volumes 1-5, uses the middle C entry method.
"Children's Piano Tutorial" compiled by Li Feilan and Dong Gangrui adopts an introductory method focusing on middle C, breaking through the limitations of the musical range of previous such teaching materials. It starts with the 3rd finger and gradually expands to the rest of the range. The individual finger method has been recognized as the best method.
Von de Wilde: "Taomeg Ruth" series. This children's series pays more attention to arousing children's interest and cultivating them to have a good sense of music from an early age.
Kodaly: "Piano School" Volume 1.
Bartók: "Microcosm". This is a very important introductory textbook. Because its five-finger positions include various five-finger arrangements in non-major or minor structures, it helps students get early exposure to the black keys and various modes, and contains many polyphonic imitation-level counterpoint elements.
Ziegler: Volume 1 of "Piano Textbook". The characteristic of this book is that you listen first and play later, and your ears lead the way.
Sungler: Volume 1 of "The Piano Classroom".
Dibel Ali: Among the "Twenty-eight Etudes", it is easier. The earlier students are allowed to practice the four-part practice, the more conducive it will be to develop the ability to use their ears to distinguish parts and interact with each other. The habit of cooperation.
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The primary stage of piano teaching
1. Etudes for the primary stage of piano teaching
The learning content at this stage is equivalent to From Czerny's "Preliminary Piano Tutorial" 599 to Czerny's "Piano Fluid Etudes" 849.
1. Czerny's "Preliminary Piano Tutorial" 599
This is one of the most widely used teaching materials for the primary stage of piano teaching in my country. The whole book can be divided into three parts. The first part is 57 songs ago. This part is to consolidate the hand shape and train the independent connection of the fingers. It requires playing to be relaxed and natural, and the connection speed is mainly slow and medium.
The second part is songs 58~79. Quick exercises from 58 to 70 jewelry training. The fast here is for the previous stage. It requires students to initially speed up based on their correct moves. Songs 71 to 79 are melody exercises with and without ornamentation. When practicing, start slowly, play the rhythm accurately and evenly, align your hands, and then speed up slightly. In this part of the melody practice, you need to pay attention to the expression terms and dynamic terms on the score, and pay attention to the layout, breathing, melody coherence and singing.
The third part is 80 songs to the end, which is a comprehensive new exercise. No matter the sound pattern, rhythm pattern, scale, arpeggio and double-note exercises, it is richer than the previous one. When practicing, you must not only play accurately, but also Also pay attention to the ups and downs of the music and make changes in intensity and speed.
2. Czerny's "Simple Piano Etude" 139
This is one of the teaching materials for the transition from 599 to 849. The teaching materials of 139 are not as centralized as those of 599, and you can choose different types of tracks from those of 599. It can be used interchangeably around 599 to 50 songs.
3. Czerny's "24 Piano Etudes for the Left Hand" 718
This is an exercise written entirely for the left hand. The content includes scales, arpeggio patterns, five-finger patterns, and decompositions. For chords, etc., the order of learning should be flexible. For students with small hands, they can learn scale-type or five-finger-type pieces first, and then postpone the octave practice.
4. Czerny's "160 Eight-bar Piano Etudes" 821
This textbook not only has a rich range of technical types, but also has a wide range of difficulty, ranging from beginner level to advanced level. practice. Each song has only 8 sections and the technical topics are very concentrated. It is especially suitable for students who have a lot of other homework and less time to practice.
5. Lemon's "Piano Etudes" 37 (also translated as "Lemoine")
There are 50 pieces in the book, from easy to deep.
His characteristic is that he exercises more with his left hand and his hands are more balanced. It can make up for the shortcomings of the emphasis on the right hand in Czerny's etudes.
6. Bugmüller’s “25 Simple Etudes” 100, “18 Etudes” 109
These two sets of etudes are all titled ditties with distinctive images. The technique is simple, the melody is beautiful and musical, and it is very suitable for beginners to learn. When the number is around 599 to 50, you can gradually select pieces from works 100.
Work 109 is technically more difficult than 100 and is also larger in length. It can be selected after entering 849 in Czerny.
7. Czerny's "Smooth Etude" 849
From 599 to 849 is the early stage of the primary stage and the late stage of the primary stage. There are 849***30 songs, and the technical content of each song is basically not repeated. When choosing, it is necessary to analyze the difficulty of each exercise in detail and consider the technical "transition" issue.
The difference between 849 and 599 and 139 is that each piece of music has a speed mark. According to the title of the 849 textbook, the performance should be smooth and played at the required speed as much as possible to prepare for the next intermediate stage. Make preparations.
8. "Interesting Piano Techniques" edited by Helchberg
From the preparation to the fifth volume, from easy to deep. The editor has selected some short etudes with beautiful melodies from the works of dozens of composers. Each piece has a title, and clear prompts and requirements are given under the title. The technical types are relatively comprehensive, and due to the different stylistic characteristics of the composers, the repertoire is rich and colorful, making it a vivid and effective teaching material.
2. Polyphony in the primary stage
The characteristic of polyphonic works is that different voices and melodies of the left and right hands are performed simultaneously, and the rhythm, stress, dynamics, syntax, melody, and ups and downs are different. These aspects are both internally connected and independent. It is a good teaching material for training the brain's multi-dimensional thinking, sense of rhythm, independence of left and right hands, etc.
1. Bach's "Preliminary Piano Collection"
This textbook contains 28 pieces, which are exercises written by Bach for his wife Anna Magdalena. It is the content of comparative learning at the primary stage.
2. Bach's "Minor Preludes and Fugues"
This is a textbook suitable for Bach's "Preliminary Piano Collection" and "Creative Collection".
3. Chinese works
There are some relatively simple polyphonic works in Chinese works, which use folk songs familiar to the masses as themes, such as Wang Zhenya's "Yimeng Mountain Minor", Chen Jingqi's "Liuyang River", Li Yinghai's "Hope for the Red Army", "Huagu Diao", Chen Mingzhi's "The Soldiers and the Common People", etc.